Numerical Study of the Role of Microphysical Latent Heating and Surface Heat Fluxes in a Severe Precipitation Event in the Warm Sector over Southern China

Jin-Fang Yin,Donghai Wang,Zhao-Ming Liang,Chong-Jian Liu,Guo-Qing Zhai,Hong Wang 한국기상학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.54 No.1

Simulations of the severe precipitation event that occurred in the warm sector over southern China on 08 May 2014 are conducted using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARWv3.5.1) model to investigate the roles of microphysical latent heating and surface heat fluxes during the severe precipitation processes. At first, observations from surface rain gauges and groundbased weather radars are used to evaluate the model outputs. Results show that the spatial distribution of 24-h accumulated precipitation is well reproduced, and the temporal and spatial distributions of the simulated radar reflectivity agree well with the observations. Then, several sensitive simulations are performed with the identical model configurations, except for different options in microphysical latent heating and surface heat fluxes. From the results, one of the significant findings is that the latent heating from warm rain microphysical processes heats the atmosphere in the initial phase of the precipitation and thus convective systems start by self-triggering and selforganizing, despite the fact that the environmental conditions are not favorable to the occurrence of precipitation event at the initial phase. In the case of the severe precipitation event over the warm sector, both warm and ice microphysical processes are active with the ice microphysics processes activated almost two hours later. According to the sensitive results, there is a very weak precipitation without heavy rainfall belt when microphysical latent heating is turned off. In terms of this precipitation event, the warm microphysics processes play significant roles on precipitation intensity, while the ice microphysics processes have effects on the spatial distribution of precipitation. Both surface sensible and latent heating have effects on the precipitation intensity and spatial distribution. By comparison, the surface sensible heating has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of precipitation, and the surface latent heating has only a slight impact on the precipitation intensity. The results indicate that microphysical latent heating might be an important factor for severe precipitation forecast in the warm sector over southern China. Surface sensible heating can have considerable influence on the precipitation spatial distribution and should not be neglected in the case of weak large-scale conditions with abundant water vapor in the warm sector.

Analysis of Fluid-thermal Coupling in Ferrofluid Bearing Used in High Speed Machines

Yin, Xin,Ma, Jien,Fang, Youtong,Jin, Shuai Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.4

This paper describes analysis of journal bearings lubricated with ferrofluid, which are very suitable for high speed machines. Comparing to conventional lubricants, the coupling of hydrodynamic, thermal and magnetic properties of ferrofluid adds to the complexity in analysis. Modified Reynolds equation and energy equation are derived and solved numerically using finite volume method. Pressure distribution is got which takes temperature effect into consideration. Static characteristics are then discussed. One optimal scheme is also got according to analysis results.

Synthesis of N-4-vinylbenzyl-monoaza-m-phenylene-34-crown-11 and Its Copolymerization with Styrene

Jin, Long Yi,Hou, Ruibin,Chen, Tie,Fang, Minghai,Mah, Soukil,Yin, Bingzhu The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.2

A functional monomer, containing a 34-membered monoazacrown ether unit (VACE) as a pendant group has been synthesized by using resorcinol, tetraethylene glycol, p-tolenesulfonyl chloride and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride as starting materials. The product structure was characterized by means of FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, EA and MS. Free radical homopolymerized VACE or copolymerized VACE with styrene (ST) by the conventional radical initiator 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in toluene solution to afford corresponding polymers. The reactivity ratio of VACE and ST, determined by Fineman-Ross method, gave values 0.6 for VACE, and 1.4 for ST, respectively.

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as a synergistic additive for improving throwing power of through hole copper electronic electroplating

Lei Jin,Zhao-Yun Wang,Zhuan-Yun Cai,Jia-Qiang Yang,An-Ni Zheng,Fang-Zu Yang,De-Yin Wu,Dongping Zhan 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-

In this work, we develop a novel 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN)-based acidic sulfate copper electronicelectroplating process for compact, homogeneous and conformal copper thickening of throughhole (TH). The adsorption characteristics, electrochemical properties and the interaction mechanismsof three additives (PEG, SPS and PAN) are studied in detail. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and opticalmicroscope (OM) reveal that PAN can make the copper coating in fine grains and high throwing powerof 90.35% in TH without an overhang phenomenon. Theoretical calculations illustrate that the bindingenergies between additive molecules and copper surface decrease in the order: PAN > SPS > PEG. Cyclic voltammetry experiments at rotating rates of 1200 and 200 r/min prove that PAN itself can accelerateand weakly suppress copper electrodeposition at the center and mouth of TH, respectively. PANbehaves respectively the synergistic and antagonistic effects with PEG at the mouth and center of TH,and the weakly synergistic effects with SPS both at the mouth and center of TH. The addition of PANto the virgin make-up solution (VMS) containing PEG and SPS causes decreasing the relative electriccharge (DQ) at high and low rotating rates from 18.52 ± 0.08% to 8.25 ± 0.05%, which satisfies the closercopper electronic electroplating rate at the center and mouth of TH. The effective and complicated synergisticeffects of the additives PEG, SPS and PAN can achieve compact, homogeneous and conformal copperthickening of TH.

Application of Smartphone and Cloud Server Technology with Near Infrared Spectroscopy on Sugar Content Measurement

( Pin-chih Fang ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Jin-ming Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely used in agricultural product inspection because it is non-destructive, fast, and easy to operate. In this research, portable near infrared light detection instrument was used to develop a smartphone interface that could analyze the sugar content of agricultural products via the cloud system. Using the android operating system smartphone as an intermediary software to control the spectrometer configuration, spectra data are transferred and calculated in the cloud system. The user interface would then display the predicted result. So far, an intermediary software has been developed that could transfer spectra data to the cloud server, and a pre-trained guavas calibration equation was used to predict the sugar content of guava. The entire process of scanning, calculating and transferring data takes approximately 10 seconds. In the future, the functionality of the user interface could be improved by allowing manipulation of data configuration during scanning, creating a more diversified user interface with faster analysis time.

Rational combination therapy with PARP and MEK inhibitors capitalizes on therapeutic liabilities in <i>RAS</i> mutant cancers

Sun, Chaoyang,Fang, Yong,Yin, Jun,Chen, Jian,Ju, Zhenlin,Zhang, Dong,Chen, Xiaohua,Vellano, Christopher P.,Jeong, Kang Jin,Ng, Patrick Kwok-Shing,Eterovic, Agda Karina B.,Bhola, Neil H.,Lu, Yiling,Wes American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science translational medicine Vol.9 No.392

<P>Mutant <I>RAS</I> has remained recalcitrant to targeted therapy efforts. We demonstrate that combined treatment with poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors evokes unanticipated, synergistic cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo in multiple <I>RAS</I> mutant tumor models across tumor lineages where <I>RAS</I> mutations are prevalent. The effects of PARP and MEK inhibitor combinations are independent of <I>BRCA1/2</I> and <I>p53</I> mutation status, suggesting that the synergistic activity is likely to be generalizable. Synergistic activity of PARP and MEK inhibitor combinations in <I>RAS</I> mutant tumors is associated with (i) induction of BIM-mediated apoptosis, (ii) decrease in expression of components of the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway, (iii) decrease in homologous recombination DNA damage repair capacity, (iv) decrease in DNA damage checkpoint activity, (v) increase in PARP inhibitor–induced DNA damage, (vi) decrease in vascularity that could increase PARP inhibitor efficacy by inducing hypoxia, and (vii) elevated PARP1 protein, which increases trapping activity of PARP inhibitors. Mechanistically, enforced expression of FOXO3a, which is a target of the RAS/MAPK pathway, was sufficient to recapitulate the functional consequences of MEK inhibitors including synergy with PARP inhibitors. Thus, the ability of mutant <I>RAS</I> to suppress FOXO3a and its reversal by MEK inhibitors accounts, at least in part, for the synergy of PARP and MEK inhibitors in <I>RAS</I> mutant tumors. The rational combination of PARP and MEK inhibitors warrants clinical investigation in patients with <I>RAS</I> mutant tumors where there are few effective therapeutic options.</P>

Microphysical Structures of an Extreme Rainfall Event Over the Coastal Metropolitan City of Guangzhou, China: Observation Analysis with Polarimetric Radar

Hong Wang,Jin-Fang Yin,Naigeng Wu,Weiyu Ding 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.1

A record-breaking nocturnal rainfall event (543 mm in 16-h) under weak synoptic forcing occurred in the metropolitan city of Guangzhou, China, during 6–7 May 2017. The evolution and microphysical structures of this torrential rainfall event are investigated using S-band polarimetric radar datasets. The torrential rainfall concentrated in two cores: one over Huadu District (HD) in which the storms were initiated between urban areas and mountains at mid-night, and the other over Huangpu and Zengcheng District (ZC) which was characterized by locally triggered storms merging with the storms from HD. The two heavy precipitation regions show some similarities, including strong reflectivity factor for horizontal polarizations (ZH) magnitude, low centroid cumulonimbus structures, and column shape of differential reflectivity (ZDR). But obvious differences can also be viewed between them. Compared to HD, ZC has higher precipitation intensity, longer precipitation duration, and larger accumulated rainfall. Besides, ZC also has a relatively lower ZDR value of ~ 0.2 dB and a higher specific differential phase (KDP) of approximately ~ 0.35° km− 1, which indicates the larger population of medium-sized rain droplet and higher water content in ZC. The radar-retrieved drop size distributions (DSDs) (i.e., mass-weighted diameter, logarithmic normalized intercept, and liquid water content) show that small size particles and high particle number concentration are more obvious in the storm over ZC. Combined with the retrieved DSDs, the merger process brings more medium-sized raindrops to ZC, and increases the possibility of raindrop growth via the accretion of cloud water by rain, which leads to enhancement of precipitation. In addition, strong KDP may be a good indicator of intensity for extreme precipitation.

BRD4 Inhibition Is Synthetic Lethal with PARP Inhibitors through the Induction of Homologous Recombination Deficiency

Sun, Chaoyang,Yin, Jun,Fang, Yong,Chen, Jian,Jeong, Kang Jin,Chen, Xiaohua,Vellano, Christopher P.,Ju, Zhenlin,Zhao, Wei,Zhang, Dong,Lu, Yiling,Meric-Bernstam, Funda,Yap, Timothy A.,Hattersley, Mauree Cell Press 2018 CANCER CELL Vol. No.

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are selectively active in cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) caused by mutations in <I>BRCA1</I>, <I>BRCA2</I>, and other pathway members. We sought small molecules that induce HRD in HR-competent cells to induce synthetic lethality with PARPi and extend the utility of PARPi. We demonstrated that inhibition of bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) induced HRD and sensitized cells across multiple tumor lineages to PARPi regardless of <I>BRCA1/2</I>, <I>TP53</I>, <I>RAS</I>, or <I>BRAF</I> mutation status through depletion of the DNA double-stand break resection protein CtIP (C-terminal binding protein interacting protein). Importantly, BRD4 inhibitor (BRD4i) treatment reversed multiple mechanisms of resistance to PARPi. Furthermore, PARPi and BRD4i are synergistic in multiple <I>in vivo</I> models.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BRD4 inhibition decreases homologous recombination competency by decreasing CtIP </LI> <LI> PARP and BRD4 inhibitors demonstrate synergy in multiple cancer lineages </LI> <LI> CtIP rescues DNA end resection and HR defect caused by BRD4 inhibition </LI> <LI> BRD4 inhibition resensitizes cells with acquired PARPi resistance to PARPi </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Effect of Transformation on the Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Zhang Xue-Mei,Yin Yi-Bing,Zhu Dan,Chen Bao-De,Luo Jin-Yong,Deng Vi-Ping,Liu Ming-Fang,Chen Shu-Hui,Meng Jiang-Ping,Lan Kai,Huang Yuan-Shuai,Kang Ge-Fei The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.4

Although pneumococcus is one of the most frequently encountered opportunistic pathogen in the world, the mechanisms responsible for its infectiveness have not yet been fully understood. In this paper, we have attempted to characterize the effects of pneumococcal transformation on the pathogenesis of the organism. We constructed three transformation-deficient pneumococcal strains, which were designated as Nos. 1d, 2d, and 22d. The construction of these altered strains was achieved via the insertion of the inactivated gene, comE, to strains 1, 2 and 22. We then conducted a comparison between the virulence of the transformation-deficient strains and that of the wild-type strains, via an evaluation of the ability of each strain to adhere to endothelial cells, and also assessed psaA mRNA expression, and the survival of hosts after bacterial challenge. Compared to what was observed with the wild-type strains, our results indicated that the ability of all of the transformation-deficient strains to adhere to the ECV304 cells had been significantly reduced (p < 0.05), the expression of psaA mRNA was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in strains 2d and 22d, and the median survival time of mice infected with strains Id and 2d was increased significantly after intraperitoneal bacterial challenge (p < 0.05). The results of our study also clearly indicated that transformation exerts significant effects on the virulence characteristics of S. pneumoniae, although the degree to which this effect is noted appears to depend primarily on the genetic background of the bacteria.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain 7 is Increased by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Liver Tumors

Li, Zhi,Ni, Cai-Fang,Zhou, Jin,Shen, Xiao-Chun,Yin, Yu,Du, Peng,Yang, Chao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7), recently identified as a secreted protein regulated by oxygen exposure, plays a critical role in promoting metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is widely used for treatment of HCC, resulting in hypoxia in tumors and surrounding liver tissues. Accordingly, we proposed the hypothesis that there could be a relationship between expression of EGFL7 and response to TAE. Materials and Methods: We established a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model using percutaneous puncture technique guided by computed tomography. TAE and sham embolization were performed and the results were confirmed by MRI 3 weeks after inoculation. We investigated the EGFL7 expression of the two groups at 6h and 3 days after intervention by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the levels of EGFL7 protein significantly increased in the TAE-treated tumors compared with the control group at 6 hours (P=0.031) and 3 days (P=0.020) after intervention. Meanwhile, the relative EGFL7 protein detected in TAE group also up-regulated compared with the control group at 6 hours (P=0.020) and 3 days (P=0.024) after intervention. Conclusions: This study reveals an increase of EGFL7 expression in rabbit VX2 liver tumors after TAE. The role of EGFL7 in HCC, especially its biological behavior after TAE, needs further investigation.