혹운모 분말 급여 돈육의 이화학적 특성

진상근,김일석,송영민,이성대,하경희,김회윤,남기윤,장애라 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.3

돼지(LYxD)의 자돈용 및 육성용 기본사료를 급여한 대조구와 자돈용 사료에 흑운모 분말 1.25%, 육성용 사료에 1.75%를 첨가한 처리구 등심육의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. A등급 출현율은 대조구가 27.8%인 반면, 처리구는 50%를 나타내었으며, A, B 등급 출현율은 대조구가 52.8%, 처리구가 80%를 나타내었다. 대조구가 52.8%, 처리구가 80%를 나타내었다. 수분과 단백질은 대조구가 처리구보다 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), 지방과 화분은 처리구가 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 전단력과 가열감량은 처리구가 대조구보다 낮게 나타난 반면, pH는 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 육색의 L*값, a*값 및 b*값 모두 처리구가 대조구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 조직감의 검성과 파쇄성은 처리구가 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 선선육의 관능검사에서 대조구와 처리구간에 항목별로 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 근내지방도 및 전체적인 기호도에서 처리구가 대조구보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, 가열육의 관능검사에서 육색은 처리구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 지방산 조성 중 포화지방산은 처리구에 비하여 대조구가 높게 나타난 반면 다가불포화지방산, 필수지방산, 불포화지방산/포화지방산 및 필수지방산/포화지방산의 비율은 낮게 나타났다. This study was carried out to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the loin from pigs fed biotite. Control was fed diet for piglets and growing pigs, and treatments were fed diet supplemented 1.25% and 1.75% biotite to piglet diet and to growing pigs, respectively. Ratio of carcass grade A was shown as 27.8% and 50% in control group and treatment, respectively. And that of carcass grade A and B was appeared as 52.8% in control and 80% in treatment. The control group showed higher value of water and protein content than treatment. However, fat and ash content of treatment were higher than those of control. Treatment showed lower value than control in shear force and cooking loss, and was higher than control in pH value(p<0.05). L^*, a^* and b^* value of control in meat color were lower than those of treatments. Treatments group was shown lower value than control group in textural gumminess and brittleness. In the sensory test of fresh meat, there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. However, intramuscular fat content and overall acceptability of control were more or less lower than its of treatment. In cooked meat, the meat color of control was lower than those of treatments. Control group was shown higher saturated fatty acid value than treatment group. However, the ply unsaturated fatty acid, essential fatty acid, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were low.

한국 전통 양념을 이용한 발효 돼지고기의 품질 특성

진상근,김철욱,이상원,송영민,김일석,박석규,하경희,배대순 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality characteristics of the fermented pork with Korean traditional seasoning. The samples, outside muscle of pork ham were cut to cube(7×12×2㎝) and five Korean traditional seasonings such as garlic paste(T1), pickled Kimchi(T2), pickled Kimchi juice(T3), soybean paste(T4), red pepper paste(T5) were seasoned by the proportions of meat to seasonings(1:1). The seasoned samples were fermented at -1±1℃ for 20 days. According to proximate composition analysis, all pork samples contained protein 20~22%, fat 3~5%, moisture 64~70% and ash 1.8~2.0%. However, T5 had high crude fat level and relatively low moisture content. The highest pH among treatments was shown in T1 whereas T3 showed the lowest. Water holding capacity(WHC) of T4 and T5 were higher, while those values were lower in T3 compared with other treatment. Shear force value was the higher in T5, while it was the lowest in T4. TBARS value of T3 was the highest, while that was the lowest in T4. Moreover the highest VBN value was observed in T4 due to fermentation of soy protein. However, the lowest VBN value shown in T1 indicated the inhibition of protein degradation by the garlic. The highest saccarinity was shown in T5 but it was the lowest of in T3. Salinity was shown to be high in T2 and low in T5. L* values of T4 was higher both at the surface and inner side of samples than the others but T5 showed the lowest value. T2 showed the highest a* value but T4 and T5 showed the lowect. In the result of sensory evaluation for cooked meat, T5 had the highest score in all item including overall acceptability, while T4 had the lowest score. Unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) ratio of T5 and T2 were 72.16 and 69.93 respectively, and the ratio of UFA/Saturated fatty acid(SFA) were higher in the order of T5> T4> T3> T2. Overall quality characteristics were higher in the order of T5> T2> T1> T4> T3.

A321 & A330항공기의 부양자세에 대한 비행자료 분석

신대원,진영권,김일영,김칠영 한국항공운항학회 2003 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study is performed to secure the safety of civil aviation by establishing systematic analysis ability of Flight Data Recorder. Through this study, we analysed the flight data of A321 & A330 aircraft with lift angles and take-off actions of flight crew members.

토끼 수정란 체외 배양액의 개발에 관한 연구

임경순,진동일,김대경,김성우,정소용,최화식 한국가축번식학회 1998 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.22 No.1

This experiment was carried out to improve in vitro development of rabbit one-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. One-cell rabbit embryos were collected at 19∼20hr after superovulation induction and incubated at 39℃ in 5% CO_(2) for 72hr. In order to find optimum conditions in medium that affects the rabbit embryo's development in vitro, RDH medium which mixed with RPMI1640, DMEM and Ham's F10 was compared with the previously reported mediums (Ham's F10 and RD) for embryo development and cell numbers. Three additives (BSA, taurine and glucose) were tested for the development of rabbit one-cell embryos in vitro. When the embryos were cultured in RDH medium, their development was markedly promoted as compared with Ham's F-10 or RD alone. Glucose exhibited no significant effects on embryo development and cell numbers. BSA appeared to promote transition from morula to blastocyst stage and taurine increased cell numbers of cultured embryos markedly regardless of mediums. BSA and taurine together in RDH medium showed the additive effects on embryo development and cell number.

톱밥 발효사료 급여 및 분말어유의 첨가사료가 돈육의 이화학적 성질에 미치는 영향

이정일,문점동,박구부,박범영,박태선,황보종,이한기,진상근,김영직 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of pork quality pigs which were fed with diets supplemented with fermented sawdust and sardin powder oil. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: a), control (commercial feed); b), T1 (30% fermented sawdust); c), T2 (10% sardin powder oil) d), T3 (30% fermented sawdust, l0% sardin powder oil and 30% limited amino acid) from 30 kg to 110 kg B. Wt. and slaughtered. The samples were stored at 0±1 C. The physico-chemical properties were determined at the dust of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 15. For the loin the pH's of all the treatments on the 15th day were higher than those of the 2nd day, and that of TI was higher than those of the others. The total moisture contents of all treatments decreased with the storage (P$lt;0.05), and there were no significant differences among treatments on the 15th day. The water soluble proteins of all treatments increased with time and were highest on the 8th day and decreased gianibicanth thereater. T1 had significantly higher water soluble protein than others(P$lt;0.05). The salt soluble proteins of all treatments increased with lure the days(P$lt;0.05). T1 had higher salt soluble protein than others during the storage period(P$lt;0.05). The brittleness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of all the treatments were not significantly different among during the period, but elasticity of them increased after from the 2nd day. The brittleness of control was higher than that of the others on the 15th day, and the hardness and chewiness of control were higher than those of the others on the 6th day(P$lt;0.05). Forthebelly the pH's of all the treatments on the 15th day were higher than those of the at 2nd day(P$lt;0.05). T1 showed higher pH than the others during the period(P$lt;0.05). The total moisture contents of control and T1 were significantly decreased with time and there were no significant differences between T2 and T3. T1 showed the highest value. The water soluble proteins of all the treatments decreased with time and was lower on the 15th day(P$lt;0.05). That of control and T1 was significantly higher than that of others on the 2nd day, but there were no significant differences among the treatments on the 15th day. The salt soluble proteins of all treatments increased with time (P$lt;0.05), and they were highest on the 15th day. T1 had significantly higher salt soluble protein than the others on the 8th and 15th days.

종모돈의 정액성상, 동결-융해 후 정자의 생존성, 혈청 중 FSH, LH, Estradiol-17β 및 Testosterone 농도에 미치는 품종과 계절의 영향

박창식,성낙도,김철호,진동일,최양석,이영주 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

본 연구는 종모돈의 정액성상,동결-융해 후 정자의 생존성 그리고 혈청 중 FSH,LH,estradiol-17β 및 testosterone 농도에 미치는 품종과 계절의 영향을 조사하여 우수한 종모돈의 손발을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 요크셔 종이 듀록종보다 봄,여름,가을,겨울에서 정액량이 많았으며,정액농도에서는 차이가 없었다. 계절별 정액량은 듀록 및 요크셔종에서 봄철이 여름,가을 및 겨울철에 비하여 많았고,정자농도는 차이가 없었다. 듀록종과 요크셔종에서 각각 봄철에 생산한 정자가 여름,가을 및 겨울철에 생산한 정자보다 동결-융해 후 정자운동성 및 정상첨체 비율이 높았다. 한편 듀록종과 요크셔종에세 동결-융해 후 정자운동성은 모든 계절에서 요크셔종이 높게 냐타났으나,정상첨체에서는 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 FSH의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종이 듀록종보다 모든 계절에서 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 그러나 두 품종 모두에서 각각 계절 간애 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 LH와 estradiol-17β의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종과 듀록종 간에 차이가 없었다. 또한 두 품종 모두에서 계절 간에 차이가 없었다. 종모돈의 품종별,계절별 혈청 중 testosterone의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종이 듀록종보다 모든 계절에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 두 품종 모두에서 각각 봄철이 여름,가을 및 겨울철에 벼하여 혈청 중 testosterone의 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면,FSH의 농도가 낮을수록 정액생산량이 높은 것으로 나타났으며,혈청 중 testosterone의 농도가 높을수록 동결-융해 정자의 운동성 및 정상첨체의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate. the effects of semen characteristics, frozen-thawed sperm viability and serum FSH, LH, estradiol-l7β and testosterone concentrations between breeds and among seasons in boars. In all seasons, Yorkshire boars produced higher semen volume compared with Duroc boars, whereas sperm concentration did not differ significantly between Duroc and Yorkshire boars. Semen volume in spring was higher compared with summer, autumn and winter in both Duroc, and Yorkshire boars, but sperm concentration did not differ significantly among seasons. Sperm motility and normal acrosome rate of frozen-thawed sperm produced in spring were higher than those in summer, autumn and winter in both Duroc and Yorkshire boars. Sperm motility of frozen-thawed sperm in Yorkshire boars was higher than that in Duroc boars regardless of seasons. However, normal acrosome rate did not differ significantly between Duroc and Yorkshire boars. Serum FSH concentration in Yorkshire boars was lower than that in Duroc boars in all seasons. However, there were no significant differences on serum FSH concentration of Duroc and Yorkshire boars among seasons. Serum LH and estradiol-l7β concentrations did not differ significantly between Duroc and Yorlcshire boars. Also, there were no significant differences in serum LH and estradiol-l7β concentrations of Duroc and Yorkshire boars among seasons. Serum testosterone concentration in Yorkshire boars was higher than that in Duroc boars in all seasons. In both breeds, serum testosterone concentrations were higher in spring than in summer, autumn and winter. In conclusion, when serum FSH concentrations were low, semen volumes were high, and when serum testosterone concentrations were high, sperm motility and normal acrosome rate of frozen-thawed sperm were high.

NonChanges in Serum Vitamin E end Trace Mineral Levels and Other Blood Parameters in Growing Thoroughbred Horses During the Period of Pasture Grazing and Stable Feedin

Lee, C. E.,Park, N. K.,Jin, S. H.,Kim, Y. J.,Kang, D. H.,Kim, K. I. 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 Thoroughbred 육성마에서 계절별 사양체계에 따른 혈청 비타민 E, 미량광물질 수준 및 혈액 화학치의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 사사기간(이른 봄) 동안 50두의 육성마(암, 11∼14개월령)에게 농후사료(체중의 1.4%), 오챠드그라스 건초(0.62%)와 알팔파 건초(0.37%)를 급여하였다. 방목기간 동안 봄부터 초여름까지는 농추사료를 체중의 1.1% 보충급여 하였고 이 후 가을철 방목종료까지는 농후사료 1.1%와 알팔파 건초 0.5%를 급여하였다. 혈액을 이른 봄(사사기), 이른 여름 및 늦가을(방목기) 3회에 걸쳐 채취하였다. 방목사양은 혈청 비타민 E, 혈중 요소(BUN), GOT, GTP, T-bilirubin 및 D-bilirubin 함량을 증가 시켰다. (P<0.01). 혈청 Fe 및 Zn 함량은 가을 방목사양에서가 다른 사양체계에서 보다 높게 (P<0.01) 나타났다. Cu는 방목기간에 비해 사사기간 동안에 높았다(P<0.01). 혈중 glucose 및 creatinine 함량은 방목기간에 비해 사사기간에 높게 (P<0.01) 나타났다. 본 연구결과 말 혈청 비타민 E 및 미량광물질 함량과 각종 혈액 화학치는 사양체계 및 급여사료에 큰 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 따라서 비타민이나 미량광물질의 추가 공급은 계절별 사양체계 또는 급여되고 있는 사료내 함량 및 이용성 등을 고려하여 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Nutritional adequacy of growing Thoroughbred horses raised in an alternate feeding system - grazing during late spring through late fall and stable feeding for the rest of seasons - was assessed by determining vitamin E and Trace mineral levels in the serum and blood chemistry related to nutrition and health. During the stable feeding in winter and early spring, 50 growing female horses were fed concentrates (1.4% of their body weight), grass hay (0.62%) and alfalfa hay (0.37%). For the grazing period, the same horses were fed supplementary concentrates (1.1%) during late spring through early summer, and concentrates (1.1%) and alfalfa hay (0.5%) during late summer through late fall. Blood samples were collected before grazing in early spring, and during grazing in early summer through late fall. Serum vitamin E, BUN, GTP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were increased (P<0.01) by grazing compared to those measured before the initiation of grazing. Horses had lower (P<0.01) serum Fe contents in early summer than in late fall or in time of stable feeding. Stable feeding increased (P<0.01) serum Cu content compared to grazing in both early summer and late fall. In late fall, serum Zn level increased (P<0.01) compared to that found in the other seasons. Blood glucose and creatinine levels decreased (P<0.01) after grazing. Results indicate that supplementations of some minerals and vitamin E are not always necessary in diets for growing horses and should be done after careful evaluation of diets with regard to concentrations and biological availability of minerals.

면역결핍동물의 생산을 위한 형질전환생쥐의 분석

나루세 겐지,양정희,이승현,최화식,이성호,박창식,진동일 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8

To determine whether the diphtheria toxin-A (DT) gene disrupts development of thymocytes in transgenic animal, the DT-A gene was used for the production of transgenic mice directed by proximal lck promoter sequences. Two transgenic founder mice that contained several copies of transgene were produced by DNA microinjection and integration of transgene in transgenic mice was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. Transgenic F₁and F₂mice were produced by outbreeding of founder and F₁mice to investigate expression of transgene and phenotypes in transgneic mice. Expression of the diphtheria toxin gene was confirmed in thymus, spleen and liver of transgenic mice by RT-PCR. In circulating blood of transgenic mice, lower number of circulating white blood cells and platelets were observed compared with that of normal mice. In addition, transgneic mice had reduced number of circulating peripheral T-cells analyzed by FACS with anti-CD3 antibody. The data in these transgenic mice indicate that DT gene can play a disruptive role in developing thymocytes of transgenic mice resulted in lower number of T-cells that can be applicable to a wide range of tissues in other animals.

Establishment of Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Rabbit Embryos

강회성,임경순,최화석,신영수,진동일 한국가축번식학회 2001 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.25 No.3

To establish rabbit Embryonic Stem (ES) cells, rabbit one-cell embryos were collected and cultured in vitro to blastocysts. Blastocysts were co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), rabbit embryonic fibroblasts (REF) or STO cells expressing LIF (SNL). Although rabbit ES cells were isolated with low efficiencies, total 8 ES cell lines were kept in vitro with normal colony shape. The MEF was the best feeder for rabbit ES cell isolation in regard to growth rate and undifferentiated morphology. The doubling time of rabbit ES cells in MEF was about 84 hours and the undifferentiated morphology was maintained following passing and freezing processes. These rabbit ES cells were differentiated into embryoid body following the culture in the uncoated dishes, indicating that they were undifferentiated stem cells.

직류통전의 강도와 기간 및 공핵란의 일령이 소 핵이식배의 융합과 발달에 미치는 영향

오성종,양보석,임경순,김현종,진동일 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5

The nuclear transfer technique is a biotechnique of life science that produces cloned animals with same genetic performance by transplantation of a blastomere of a donor embryo with multiplied cells into an enucleated oocyte. In this experiment, effects of strength and duration of a DC pulse at activation and fusion as well as age of donor embryos on fusion and development of OBCs were investigated for improvement of production efficiency of nuclear transfer embryos. When bovine enucleated oocytes were activated with a DC pulse of 0.6 KV/㎝ for 50 μsec or 1 KV/㎝ for 90 μsec and fused with in vitroderived day 4 donor blastomere by a DC pulse of 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec, the fusion rates, the cleavage rates and the developmental rates to morula plus blastocyst of oocyte blastomere complexes were 90 or 83.3%, 59.3 or 56.7%, and 7.4 or 6.7%, respectively. There was no significant (P$gt;0.05) difference between the two DC pulse treatments in the percentages of fusion, cleavage and development. In the subsequent experiment, enucleated oocytes were activated with DC pulse of 0.6 KV/㎝ for 50 μsec and cultured for 6 h in CRlaa supplemented with 10 ㎍/㎖ cycloheximide. Then, a blastomere of an in vitro-derived day 4 donor embryo was introduced into the enucleated oocyte. The OBCs were fused with a DC pulse of 0.6 KV/cm for 50 μsec, or 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec, or 2 KV/㎝ for 15 μsec. The fusion rate (82.9%), the cleavage rate (55.2%) and the developmental rate (10.3%) of the OBCs fused with a DC pulse of 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec were higher than the OBCs fused with a DC pulse of 0.6 KV/㎝ for 50 μsec or in 2 KV/㎝ for 15 μsec. The degeneration rate was significantly (P$lt; 0.01) lower with 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec (2.9%) than with 2 KV/㎝ for 15 μsec pulse (55.6%). When day 3, 4, and 5 embryos after in vitro fertilization were used as donor nuclei and in vitro matured oocytes that were enucleated and activated with a DC pulse of 0.6 KV/㎝ for 50 μsec and cultured for 6 h in CR 1 aa supplemented with 10 ㎍/㎖cycloheximide were used as recipient cytoplasms, the fusion rates by a DC pulse of 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec were 81.3, 84.9, and 85.7%, the cleavage rates were 46.2, 64.4, and 50%, and the developmental rates were 7.7, 8.9, and 6.7%, respectively. The fusion rates, cleavage rates, and developmental rate were not significantly (P$gt;0.05) different among the age groups of embryos. In this experiment, the results indicate that the enucleated oocytes activated with a DC pulse of 0.6 KV/㎝ for 50 μsec and cultured for 6 h in CRlaa supplemented with 10㎍/㎖ cycloheximide should be fused with day 5 donor blastomeres with a DC pulse of 1 KV/㎝ for 30 μsec for production of many cloned embryos.