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Jin, Chun-Hua,Koo, Yoon-Mo,Choi, Dae-Ki,Row, Kyung-Ho Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.5
Here we investigate the chromatographic behavior, with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), of nucleic compounds (nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides) on a $C_{18}$ column in several different mobile phase additives, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafuloroborate $([BMlm][BF_4])$, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([EMlm][MS]) ionic liquids, ammonium formate, and potassium phosphate. The effect of the alkyl group length, the imidazolium ring, and the ionic liquid's counterions on retention and resolution of the samples were tested. The results show the potential application of a used buffer system, ion pairing system, and ionic liquid as mobile phase additives in liquid chromatography resolution of nucleic compounds.
( Hua Qi Pan ),( Su Ya Yu ),( Chun Feng Song ),( Nan Wang ),( Hui Ming Hua ),( Jiang Chun Hu ),( Shu Jin Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.3
A new actinomycete strain NA4 was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and showed promising antifungal activities against soilborne fungal pathogens. It was identified as Streptomyces cavourensis by morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The main antifungal components were isolated and identified from the fermentation culture as bafilomycins B1 and C1. These compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities and a broad antifungal spectrum. The results suggest that the Streptomyces cavourensis NA4 and bafilomycins B1 and C1 could be used as potential biocontrol agents for soilborne fungal diseases of plants.
Hua, Jin Chun,Polyakova, Yulia,Row, Kyung-Ho Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.4
The chromatographic behaviors of nucleotides (inosine 5'-monophosphate, uridine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, and thymine monophosphate disodium salts) on a C18 column were studied with different types of ionic liquids (ILs) as additives for the mobile phase in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Three ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIm][BF4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([EMIm][MS]), were used. Eluents were composed of water and methanol (90/10%, vol) with the addition of 0.5-13.0 mM of ILs. The effects of the concentration of ILs on retention and separation were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the addition of ILs affects the retention and resolution of the tested compounds. Use of 13.0 mM of [BMIm][BF4] as the eluent modifier resulted in a baseline separation of nucleotides without requiring gradient elution. This study demonstrates that ILs can be potentially applied as a mobile phase modifier in RPLC.
Jin Chun Hua,Yulia Polyakova,노경호 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.4
The chromatographic behaviors of nucleotides (inosine 5'-monophosphate, uridine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, and thymine monophosphate disodium salts) on a C18 column were studied with different types of ionic liquids (ILs) as additives for the mobile phase in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Three ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIm][BF4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([EMIm][MS]), were used. Eluents were composed of water and methanol (90/10%, vol) with the addition of 0.5-13.0 mM of ILs. The effects of the concentration of ILs on retention and separation were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the addition of ILs affects the retention and resolution of the tested compounds. Use of 13.0 mM of [BMIm][BF4] as the eluent modifier resulted in a baseline separation of nucleotides without requiring gradient elution. This study demonstrates that ILs can be potentially applied as a mobile phase modifier in RPLC.
STAD를 이용한 초등학교 수학과 온라인 협동학습 게임모형 개발
김춘화 ( Chun Hua Jin ),강정찬 ( Jung Chan Kang ),이상수 ( Sang Soo Lee ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2014 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.20 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 수학에 대한 학습자의 관심과 흥미를 높이고, 긍정적인 학습태도를 갖도록 하여 수학과 학업성취를 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 교수·학습방법인 STAD을 이용한 수학과 온라인 협동학습 게임모형을 개발하는데 있다. 본 연구는 개발연구방법을 적용하였는데, 다양한 문헌분석을 통해 추출한 설계원리를 바탕으로 이론적 모형을 개발하고, 전문가 검토와 현장 적용을 통한 순환적인 1, 2차 형성평가 과정을 거쳐 현장에 필요한 실천적 모형을 완성하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 개발된 모형은 개인 학습자가 온라인 학습 환경에서 이질적인 팀을 구성하여 팀 내 구성원들 간의 협력을 통한 협동학습과 개별학습이 동시에 이루어지면서 팀 간의 경쟁적인 게임 활동으로 학습이 진행된다. 이러한 게임을 통한 학습활동이 학습자의 학습동기 유발 및 유지로 이어지도록 개발된 모형으로 집단보상(포인트 지급, 아이템 구매)과 개별보상(포인트 지급, 랭킹)이 적절하게 통합 제공되는 협동학습 게임모형이다. 첫째, 본 모형은 학생들이 느끼는 수학과의 어렵고 지루한 특성을 극복하기 위해 게임형태 전략을 사용하여 학습자들이 수학문제에 보다 흥미를 갖고 적극적으로 학습할 수 있도록 하였다. 둘째, 본 모형은 팀 내 협동과 팀 간 경쟁시스템을 적용하여 협동과 경쟁을 함께 하게 함으로써 보다 높은 흥미를 일으키고, 지속적인 학습동기 유발 및 유지가 가능하도록 하였다. 팀 내 협동을 증진시키기 위해 STAD모형의 성공 기회균등 체제와 집단보상 체제를 적용함으로서 학습자의 학습능력에 상관없이 자신의 노력에 따라 팀에 기여를 할 수 있다는 점을 살릴 수 있어 일반적 협동학습 수업모형에서 나타나는 봉 효과나 무임승차 효과를 배제할 수 있다. 셋째, 본 모형은 개인 능력별 퀴즈 공간을 이용하여 스스로 학습할 수 있게 함으로써 학습자들의 수학과 학습능력을 향상시키는 데도움을 줄 수 있고, 자기 주도적 학습 능력의 향상도 기대할 수 있다. 이를 위해 개인 학습 진도, 각 능력별 능력치뿐만 아니라 집단 학습 진도와 팀원의 능력치 랭킹을 수치화하여 나타내 줌으로써 학습자가 개인성찰을 통해 경험에 기초한 학습이 이루어지도록 접근하고 있다. Mathematics is often elusive, boring and tedious for students. The educational circles make a lot of efforts to stir up their interest in mathematics by using a wide variety of teaching and learning methods. A cooperative learning model is one of the efforts to ignite their interest, and another effort is to provide online cooperative learning by using a multi-vision system or particular mathematics programs. In fact, however, all the efforts aren``t yet successful enough to spark learner interest, and how to help learners learn mathematics with interest, how to give them feedback on a regular basis and how to stimulate them to solve math problems in a collaborative way were explored in this study to seek intriguing learning methods. In recent years, games for education are often used as learning media, since playing a game itself is interesting, attractive and can boost learning interest, learning enthusiasm and class participation. The purpose of this study was to develop a STAD-based elementary mathematics online cooperative learning game model in an attempt to devise a mathematics learning method geared toward boosting learning interest, class participation and learning capability. A formative evaluation was conducted to verify the validity of the model developed in this study, and then the model was finalized. After the model was developed, the selected students took classes by using the model, and then they were interviewed to grasp their interest and to determine the validity and feasibility of the model. When the results of the interview were analyzed, the STAD-based mathematics online cooperative learning game model served to stir up their interest in mathematics, and that was expected to help them to learn mathematics in an easy and interesting way that would not be boring at all. Also, the learners showed positive responses toward the online cooperative learning model, and the model was expected to improve their learning capability as it``s possible for them to have an opportunity to practice solving problems by playing games. Moreover, they viewed the development of games for education favorably, and it``s quite worth doing to develop games for education consequently.
Chun-Ying Liu,Rui-Xin Zhou,Chang-Kai Sun,Ying-Hua Jin,Hong-Shan Yu,Tian-Yang Zhang,Long-Quan Xu,Feng-Xie Jin 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3
Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20- O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc with the pathway Rb1/Rd/F2/C-K. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway Rb2/C-O/C-Y/C-K, and Rc/C-Mc1/C-Mc/C-K. According to enzyme kinetics, Km and Vmax of MichaeliseMenten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at 45C and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for CMc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPDginsenosides using crude enzyme.