Full Endoscopic Removal of Cervical Spinal Epidural Abscess: Case Report and Technical Note

Kai-Sheng Chang,Li-Wei Sun,Chun-Yuan Cheng,Shang-Wen Chang,Chien-Min Chen 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.sup.

Spinal epidural abscess is a rare disease that is less likely to occur in the cervical region. When it occurs here, cervical spondylodiscitis can develop. Surgical treatment is recommended because of possible life-threatening septic and neurological complications. We present a case of an 81-year-old man who suffered from right side paralysis and was subsequently diagnosed with a C4 to C7 epidural abscess. We utilized full endoscopic surgery for patient management. The traditional surgical methods for treating cervical epidural abscesses may cause spinal instability. There has only been one previous case report on the endoscopic-assisted method. Minimal invasive surgery by a full endoscopic method can be done with a small incision and is associated with minimal blood loss and muscle damage. This is the first report on cervical epidural abscess drainage utilization a full endoscopic method. We recommend this alternative minimally invasive method to manage cervical epidural abscess.

Effects of Alkaline Electrolytes on Formation of Ceramic Coatings on 6061 Al Alloys by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Kai Wang,Bon Heun Koo,Chang Gyu Lee,Young Joo Kim,Sung Hun Lee,Eung Sun Byon 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

Analysis, Modeling and Control of a Non-grid-connected Source-Load Collaboration Wind-Hydrogen System

Jing Kai,Liu Chang,Cao Xin,Sun Hexu,Dong Yan 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

Non-grid-connected wind power water-electrolytic hydrogen production system is an eff ective solution to wind power curtailment. However, the stability of the Source power supply is aff ected by the intermittent and volatility of the wind energy, which will lead to low effi ciency of hydrogen production on the Load. In this paper, a novel non-grid-connected Source-Load collaboration wind-hydrogen system is proposed to adapt to the variation of wind energy, which directly connects the Source wind turbines and the Load hydrogen production devices through a DC bus with a super capacitor group and auxiliary AC grid power supply. For the system, quasi-Z-source rectifi ers with a wide DC voltage adjustment range are developed for the Source and a modular proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolytic hydrogen production array is designed for adjusting the Load capacity. The basic architecture and the modelling method of the Source, the Load and DC bus are analyzed. A control strategy for the system is put forward to regulate the size of the PEM array with three diff erent operating modes and DC voltage collaboratively, by which the power fl ow management between the Source and the Load can be realized according to the wind power variation. Finally, two cases are carried out in the presence of diffi dent randomly varying wind power. The results show that the proposed non-grid-connected Source-Load collaboration of the wind-hydrogen system can maximize wind energy utilization of the Source and increase the effi ciency of hydrogen production of the Load in the case of wind power fl uctuations.

Influence of Various Heat Treatment Stages on Evolution of Microstructure and Grain in H407 Steel

Jian Sun,Kai Ji,Chen Wei Jiang,Yun Chang Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.5

Regarding heat treatment as one of the main methods for improving property of die steel, dead annealing, quenching, once tempering, twice tempering, and thrice tempering treatment of H407 die steel were conducted in this thesis. Microstructure conversion and grain size development in various stages of heat treatment were analyzed, and then magnitude, shape, and distribution of secondary phase during heat treatment were investigated to explore the function mechanism of microalloyed elements on evolution of microstructure and grain during heat treatment. The steel achieves homogeneous microstructure and composition after this heat treatment. The final phase constituent is α and γ phase as well as the final microstructure consists of tempered martensite, trace retained austenite and granular carbides. A large number of fine and dispersive MC as well as M7C3 type granular carbides containing V, Mo and Cr precipitate in trice tempered microstructure. After this heat treatment grain is finer with grain size of 5.96 μm.

Cyanidin-3-Glucoside-Rich Extract from Chinese Bayberry Fruit Protects Pancreatic b Cells and Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Chong-De Sun,Bo Zhang,Jiu-Kai Zhang,Chang-Jie Xu,Yu-Lian Wu,Xian Li,Kun-Song Chen 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.3

Chinese bayberry fruit is a rich source of anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). The present study investigated the protective effects of C3G-rich bayberry fruit extract (CRBFE) against pancreatic b cells against oxidative stress–induced injury as well as its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice. Bayberry extract from ‘‘Biqi’’ was used for both in vitro and in vivo testing because of its high C3G content and high antioxidant capacity. Pretreatment of b cells with CRBFE (containing 0.5 lmol/L C3G) prevented cell death, increased cellular viability, and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and cell necrosis induced by 800 or 1200 lmol/L H2O2. CRBFE dose-ependently up-regulated pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 gene expression, contributing to increased insulin-like growth factor II gene transcript levels and insulin protein in INS-1 cells. In addition, adminitration of CRBFE (150 lg of C3G/10 g of body weight twice per day)significantly reduced blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mice and increased the glucose tolerance in an oral glucose tolerance test (P < .05). Such results indicated that CRBFE might be useful in prevention and control of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications.

Infection Rate and Serotype Distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi among Field Rodents in Chollanamdo using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

Hyun-Jae Song,Sun-Ho Kee,Hee Sung Han,Kai-Hoan Kim,Sug-Soon Hong,Woo-Hyun Chang 大韓微生物學會 1997 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Preparation of minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K from American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848

Chun-Ying Liu,Rui-Xin Zhou,Chang-Kai Sun,Ying-Hua Jin,Hong-Shan Yu,Tian-Yang Zhang,Long-Quan Xu,Feng-Xie Jin 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20- O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc with the pathway Rb1/Rd/F2/C-K. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway Rb2/C-O/C-Y/C-K, and Rc/C-Mc1/C-Mc/C-K. According to enzyme kinetics, Km and Vmax of MichaeliseMenten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at 45C and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for CMc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPDginsenosides using crude enzyme.

Preparation of minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K from American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848

Liu, Chun-Ying,Zhou, Rui-Xin,Sun, Chang-Kai,Jin, Ying-Hua,Yu, Hong-Shan,Zhang, Tian-Yang,Xu, Long-Quan,Jin, Feng-Xie The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc with the pathway $Rb1{\rightarrow}Rd{\rightarrow}F2{\rightarrow}C-K$. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway $Rb2{\rightarrow}C-O{\rightarrow}C-Y{\rightarrow}C-K$, and $Rc{\rightarrow}C-Mc1{\rightarrow}C-Mc{\rightarrow}C-K$. According to enzyme kinetics, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of Michaelis-Menten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for C-Mc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPD-ginsenosides using crude enzyme.

Two-Step Reset in the Resistance Switching of the Al/TiO_<i>x</i>/Cu Structure

Shao, Xing L.,Zhao, Jin S.,Zhang, Kai L.,Chen, Ran,Sun, Kuo,Chen, Chang J.,Liu, Kai,Zhou, Li W.,Wang, Jian Y.,Ma, Chen M.,Yoon, Kyung J.,Hwang, Cheol S. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.21

<P>Two-step reset behaviors in the resistance switching properties of the top Al/TiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/bottom Cu structure were studied. During the electroforming and set steps, two types of conducting filaments composed of Cu and oxygen vacancies (Cu-CF and V<SUB>O</SUB>-CF) were simultaneously (or sequentially) formed when Al was negatively biased. In the subsequent reset step with the opposite bias polarity, the Cu-CFs ruptured first at ∼0.5 V, and formed an intermediate state. The trap-filled V<SUB>O</SUB>-CFs were transformed into a trap-empty state, resulting in a high-resistance state at ∼1 V. Matrix phase in the electrochemical metallization cell can play an active role in resistance switching.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-21/am403498q/production/images/medium/am-2013-03498q_0007.gif'></P>

Navigation-Assisted Full-Endoscopic Radiofrequency Rhizotomy Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation for Sacroiliac Joint Pain Treatment: Comparative Study

Chien-Min Chen,Jae Hwan Lee,Meng-Yin Yang,Shang-Wun Jhang,Kai-Sheng Chang,Su-Wei Ou,Li-Wei Sun,Kuo-Tai Chen 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.1

Objective: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is a common cause of chronic low back pain. Full-endoscopic rhizotomy of lateral branches of dorsal rami innervating SIJ is a potential option for patients’ refractory to medical treatment. The full-endoscopic rhizotomy is sometimes challenging under fluoroscopic guidance. This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the navigation-assisted full-endoscopic rhizotomy for SIJ pain. Methods: The study was a retrospective match-paired study that enrolled consecutive patients undergoing navigation-assisted full-endoscopic rhizotomy for SIJ pain. The patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and operative parameters of endoscopic rhizotomy were compared with conventional cooled radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment. Results: The study enrolled 72 patients, including 36 patients in the endoscopic group. Thirty-six patients in the cooled RFA group were matched by age as the control. The follow-up time was at least 1 year. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. The navigation-assisted endoscopic rhizotomy operation time was significantly longer than the cooled RFA. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) significantly decreased after each treatment. However, the between-group comparison revealed that the VAS and ODI of the patients after endoscopic rhizotomy were significantly lower than those after the cooled RFA group. There were no postoperative complications in the study. Conclusion: Navigation-assisted full-endoscopic rhizotomy is an alternative to SIJ pain treatment. Integrating intraoperative navigation can ensure accurate full-endoscopic rhizotomy to provide better durability of pain relief than the cooled RFA.