Phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens

Hong, S. I.,Kim, M. J.,You, I. J.,Kwon, S. H.,Ma, S. X.,Hwang, J. Y.,Seo, J. Y.,Ko, Y. H.,Lee, B. R.,Lee, S. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Psychophamacology Vol.233 No.8

<P>Phentermine is structurally similar to methamphetamine and is widely used as an anti-obesity drug in the USA and many other countries. The potential for reward of phentermine has been noted; however, the mechanisms of phentermine dependence have not been established. Here, we investigated the rewarding and dopaminergic behavioral responses to phentermine in mice and found that phentermine produced conditioned rewarding effects through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The impact of phentermine was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) test, climbing behavior test, and western blot analysis. Phentermine 1 and 3 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly increased CPP. Phentermine, a known dopamine releaser, boosted apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice, and methamphetamine (i.p.) also increased apomorphine-induced dopaminergic behavior. Phentermine and methamphetamine increased the level of expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and phospho-Akt proteins to a similar degree in the NAc of CPP mice. To determine whether the conditioned rewarding effects of phentermine were mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway, we assessed the effects of the Akt inhibitor LY294002 on phentermine-induced place preference and climbing behavior. LY294002 (1 and 3 mu g/site, i.c.v.) reduced phentermine-induced CPP and phentermine-increased climbing behavior. However, LY294002 did not change CPP and climbing behavior itself and also did not decrease apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice. Further, LY294002 decreased the phentermine-increased levels of DAT protein and phosphorylation of Akt in the NAc of CPP mice. Thus, these findings suggest that phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the NAc.</P>

여호와 증인 환자에서 산부인과적 무혈 수술의 임상적 고찰

이성욱,오일영,서상기,반태학,박윤희,박성철,한광수 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.5

목적 : 여호와의 증인은 자신들의 교리에 따라 혈액이나 기타 혈액제재의 사용을 거부하는 종파이다. 이들에 대한 산부인과적 무혈 수술의 임상상 및 수술후 결과를 후향적으로 검토하였다. 연구방법 : 1995년 2월부터 1999년 8월까지 세종병원에서 입원 기간 중 어떠한 혈액이나 혈액제재를 투여 받지 않았던 여호와의 증인 환자 50예에 대해 무혈 수술의 성적을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 환자의 연령 분포는 9세와 58세 사이로 평균 36.7 ± 8.7세 이었다. 무혈 수술의 가장 흔한 사례는 제왕 절개술이었다. 인간 조혈촉진인자(EPO)를 제왕 절개술 5예, 전자궁 적출술 2예, 난소 종양 2예에 투여하였다. EPO를 투여 받은 9예에서는 평균 혈색소 수치가 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 오히려 의미있게 증가하였다. 조직학적 결과로는 자궁 선근증 9예, 평활근종 8예, 생식 세포종 3예, 자궁외 임신 2예, 자궁 상피내 종양 1예, 상피성 난소 종양 1예, 출혈성 황체 낭종 1예, 성기삭 간질성 종양 1예로 총 27예이었다. 무혈 수술로 인한 술 후 사망은 없었으며 이환율도 적었다. 결론 : 여호와의 증인 환자에 대한 산부인과적 수술이 요구될 때 세심한 수술 기법과 다양한 혈액 보존법 등을 이용한다면 비교적 양호한 무혈 수술의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 향후 여호와의 증인 환자에 대한 특수화된 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 사료되었다. Objective : Jehovah's Witnesses are members of a religious denomination whose beliefs prohibit the use of blood or blood products. Plasma volume expanders and extracorporeal hemodilution of the patients's own blood are theologically acceptiable. And so we evaluated effectiveness of major operative procedures carried out on Jehovas's Witnesses patients without blood transfusions or blood products. Methods : We retrospectively studied 50 cases of Jehovas's Witnesses who underwent obstetric and gynecologic bloodless surgery from February 1995 to August 1999. No patients recieved any blood or blood products during hospitalizaion. Results : The age distribution of patients was between 9 years and 58 year, average 36.7±8.7 years old. The most common cases for bloodless surgery was Cesarean section. The recombinant human erythropoietin(EPO) was treated in 5 cases of Cesarean section, 2 cases of TAH and 2 cases of ovarian tumor perioperatively. EPO-treated 9 cases were increased postoperative mean Hb levels compared with preoperative mean Hb levels. Histology revealed 9 cases of adenomyosis, 8 cases of leiomyoma, 3 cases of germ cell tumor, 2 cases of ectopic pregnancy, 1 case of CIS, 1 case of Krukenberg tumor, 1 case of epithelial cell tumor, 1 case of hemorrhagic corpus tumor and 1 case of sexcord stromal tumor, total 27 cases. There was no operative death and postoperative morbidities were few. Conclusions : We concluded that if we preformed the surgeries with careful operative techniques and various blood conserving procedures we could do the bloodless surgery of Jehovah's Witnesses with relative safety. But the establishment of a well programmed special medical supports for the Jehovah's Witnesses community will be needed in future.

유전질환 등록 시스템 운영, 유전자 정보 Database 구축 및 유전자 진단 시스템 확립

구수경,이환석,손용규,김성수,이광수,김지인,서일선,진수정,정동기,오범석,정성철,이진성 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Simulation study on effect of drain underlap in gate-all-around tunneling field-effect transistors

Lee, J.S.,Seo, J.H.,Cho, S.,Lee, J.H.,Kang, S.W.,Bae, J.H.,Cho, E.S.,Kang, I.M. Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.6

In this work, the effects of underlapping drain junction on the performances of gate-all-around (GAA) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) have been studied in terms of direct-current (DC) characteristics including on-current (I<SUB>on</SUB>), off-current (I<SUB>off</SUB>), subthreshold swing (S), and I<SUB>on</SUB>/I<SUB>off</SUB> ratio. In addition, the dependences of intrinsic delay time (τ) and radio-frequency (RF) performances including cut-off frequency (f<SUB>T</SUB>) and maximum oscillation frequency (f<SUB>max</SUB>) on gate-drain capacitance (C<SUB>gd</SUB>) with the underlapping were investigated as the gate length (L<SUB>gate</SUB>) is scaled. A GAA TFET with asymmetric junctions, with an underlap at the drain side, demonstrated DC and RF performances superior to those of a device with symmetric junctions.

The dietary ingredient, genistein, stimulates cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression through a novel S1P-dependent mechanism

Park, K.,Kim, Y.I.,Shin, K.O.,Seo, H.S.,Kim, J.Y.,Mann, T.,Oda, Y.,Lee, Y.M.,Holleran, W.M.,Elias, P.M.,Uchida, Y. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol.25 No.7

We recently discovered that a signaling lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), generated by sphingosine kinase 1, regulates a major epidermal antimicrobial peptide's [cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP)] expression via an NF-κB→C/EBPα-dependent pathway, independent of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in epithelial cells. Activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) by either estrogens or phytoestrogens also is known to stimulate S1P production, but it is unknown whether ER activation increases CAMP production. We investigated whether a phytoestrogen, genistein, simulates CAMP expression in keratinocytes, a model of epithelial cells, by either a S1P-dependent mechanism(s) or the alternate VDR-regulated pathway. Exogenous genistein, as well as an ER-β ligand, WAY-200070, increased CAMP mRNA and protein expression in cultured human keratinocytes, while ER-β antagonist, ICI182780, attenuated the expected genistein- and WAY-200070-induced increase in CAMP mRNA/protein expression. Genistein treatment increased acidic and alkaline ceramidase expression and cellular S1P levels in parallel with increased S1P lyase inhibition, accounting for increased CAMP production. In contrast, siRNA against VDR did not alter genistein-mediated up-regulation of CAMP. Taken together, genistein induces CAMP production via an ER-β→S1P→NF-κB→C/EBPα- rather than a VDR-dependent mechanism, illuminating a new role for estrogens in the regulation of epithelial innate immunity and pointing to potential additional benefits of dietary genistein in enhancing cutaneous antimicrobial defense.

간호 대학생의 성 지식, 성 태도와 성 건강 간호 장애감 간의 관계

김다연,김은아,노수경,류아인,박나은,박지혜,서정민,심효정,주성민,한진실,이건정,박수민 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2017 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.51

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation among sexual knowledge, attitude and Barriers to patient’s sexual health of nursing undergraduate students and to provide objective data to promote sexual health-care. Method: Using a descriptive correlation, 304 nursing undergraduate students were recruited through convenience random sampling from August 1st to December 20th, 2016. Data were analyzed using average, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation and Multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The correlation between Sexual knowledge and Sexual attitude is statistically significant(r=.289, p<.01). As the level of sexual knowledge is higher, the sexual attitude is more open. And, Sexual knowledge(r=-.307,p<.01) and Sexual attitude(r=.180,p=.002) had a negative relationship with Barriers to patient’s sexual health. Also, Sexual knowledge was the greatest influencing factor on Barriers to patient’s sexual health. Conclusion: This study showed as the level of Sexual knowledge is higher, the Sexual attitude is more open. As the degree of Sexual knowledge is lower, the Sexual attitude is more conservative, and Barriers to patient’s sexual health is more higher. Also, Sexual knowledge is the most influential factor on Barriers to patient’s sexual health.

Assignment of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 3 (PIK3C3) gene to porcine chromosome 6q22→q23 by somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel mapping

Kim, J.H.,Lee, Y.S.,Park, E.W.,Seo, B.Y.,Cho, I.C.,Lee, J.G.,Oh, S.J.,Lee, J.H.,Jeon, J.T. S. Karger AG 2004 CYTOGENETIC AND GEN0ME RESEARCH Vol.108 No.4

<P> </P><P>Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

Fumigant toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of 4 Asteraceae plant essential oils and their constituents against Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe)

Seo, S.M.,Kim, J.,Kang, J.,Koh, S.H.,Ahn, Y.J.,Kang, K.S.,Park, I.K. Academic Press 2014 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.113 No.-

This study investigated the fumigant toxicity of 4 Asteraceae plant essential oils and their constituents against the Japanese termite Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe. Fumigant toxicity varied with plant essential oils or constituents, exposure time, and concentration. Among the tested essential oils, those from Chamaemelum nobile exhibited the strongest fumigant toxicity, followed by those from Santolina chamaecyparissus, Ormenis multicaulis, and Eriocephalus punctulatus at 2days after treatment. In all, 15, 24, 19, and 9 compounds were identified in the essential oils from C. nobile, E. punctulatus, O. multicaulis, and S. chamaecyparissus, respectively, by using gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or open-column chromatography. The identified compounds were tested individually for their fumigant toxicity against Japanese termites. Among the test compounds, trans-pinocarveol, caryophyllene oxide, sabinene hydrate, and santolina alcohol showed strong fumigant toxicity against Japanese termites. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of the identified compounds from C. nobile, E. punctulatus, O. multicaulis, and S. chamaecyparissus essential oils were tested to determine the mode of their action. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of (+)-α-pinene, (-)-limonene, (-)-α-pinene, β-pinene, and β-phellandrene against Japanese termite AChE were 0.03, 0.13, 0.41, 0.42, and 0.67mg/mL, respectively. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential of these essential oils and their constituents as fumigants for termite control.

Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide: An undervalued option for refractory alopecia areata

Seo, J.,Lee, Y. I.,Hwang, S.,Zheng, Z.,Kim, D. Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2017 The Journal of dermatology Vol.44 No.2

<P>Severe alopecia areata (AA) can have an unpredictable clinical course and become refractory to contact immunotherapy. Novel treatment options include low-dose interleukin-2 and Janus kinase inhibitors; however, these treatments are still under investigation. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (i.m.) triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) as a rescue therapy for refractory AA. We retrospectively analysed efficacy, adverse effects and relapse rate of i.m. TAC monthly in 27 patients with refractory AA. We defined AA as refractory if the patient showed an unsatisfactory response to both systemic treatment (not i.m. TAC) and the consecutive diphenylcyclopropenone immunotherapy. The initial systemic treatment of other forms of corticosteroids and/or cyclosporin was used to control extensive AA involving more than 25% of the scalp. Administration of i.m. TAC for 3-6 months resulted in a 63.0% response rate, and all patients showed inactive disease after treatment. Final hair regrowth negatively correlated with initial scalp involvement (Spearman r = -0.595, P = 0.001). All patients showed complete recovery of adrenocortical reserve within 3 months after the last injection. Adverse effects of systemic steroid therapy were observed only in female patients (dysmenorrhea and osteoporosis). i.m. TAC may provide a valuable therapeutic option to manage active hair loss and facilitate hair regrowth in refractory AA, especially in male patients.</P>

Assignment of phosphatidylinositol glycan, class K (PIGK) gene to porcine chromosome 6q32 by somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel mapping

Park, E.W.,Kim, J.H.,Lim, H.T.,Seo, B.Y.,Cho, I.C.,Lee, J.G.,Oh, S.J.,Cheong, I.C.,Lee, J.H.,Jeon, J.T. S. Karger AG 2004 CYTOGENETIC AND GEN0ME RESEARCH Vol.108 No.4

<P> </P><P>Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>