Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

국내·외 관련 제도 및 실태분석을 통한 한국형 장애인 자립생활센터의 계획방향에 관한 연구

강지혜,윤영삼,김상운,성기창,박광재,강병근 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.2

The wealth of Korean disability people’s paradigm has developed by the meaning of whole rehabilitation of the small society for acception and protection. Today, that meaning has been changed to make and choose disability people’s future plans by themselves. The CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea has been accepted through the American and Japanese’s activity systems with no objection. Following result of the real reserching, because the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea have no legal basement, so there are little support for these centers and no proper rules and check systems. Therefore, we have to make the legal basement of CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING and separate by each parts of system and to specialize about them. That means, each parts of system have to mark role mode for doing well, and each systems have to develop new programs and services, and to specialize for in Korea. To add, we should have more small CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in each area, and the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING which are already started should make network system to contact with other centers in society for giving support of proper information.

생육기별 중금속 오염에 대한 코스모스와 해바라기의 생육반응과 측정량 변화 : the Potential for Phytoremediation

강민혜,이영현,이종화 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.2

This research used cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) to test the potential of phytoremediation. A advantage of phytoremediation is that it is a green technology and when properly implemented is both environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing to the public. I examined the growth rate and physiological quality and confirmed heavy metal accumulation of Cd and Cu-affected plants. Chlorophyll content was higher in the Cu treatment than the content of control, and was increased as Cu concentration was increased. Its content with 20 and 100 μM Cd treatment was reduced. Soluble protein content was shown no difference in the heavy metal treatment of low concentration in compared with the control, but its content was reduced in Cu 2000μM and Cd 100μM. Total nitrogen content was the lowest in two plants treated with Cu 2000μM and shown the tendency of reduction when their growth period passed unlike the tendency of chlorophyll and soluble protein. In the experiment of heavy metal accumulation, it was shown that the inhibition of growth rate and physiological responses were a little when its heavy metal concentration were increased, but increased the tendency metal concentration of tow plants during growing period. And the heavy metal accumulation concentration of root was investigated higher than shoot parts in two plants. Heavy metal accumulation concentration was measured Cu 453.44㎍/g, Cd 675.14㎍/g in roots of cosmos and it is Cu 353.14㎍/g, Cd 140.76㎍/g in roots of sunflower. Consequently we may be consider landscape materials which cosmos and sunflower has the potential as phytoremediator.

중금속이 코스모스와 해바라기의 초기 생육반응에 미치는 영향 : the Potential for Phytoremediation

강민혜,이영현,이종화 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 2003 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.6 No.2

This research used cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) to test the possibility of phytoremediation, an environment-friendly heavy metal removing method. I examined the emergence, growth rate and physiological responses and confirmed heavy metal accumulation of Cd and Cu treatment and pH treatment-affected plants at early growing period. The emergence and growth rate was shown the most low in the Cu 2000uM. Chlorophyll and soluble protein content according to pH concentration were a little bad in their treatment plot compared with the control and were a little bad as pH concentration was low. But total nitrogen content was shown the highest in the Cu 2000μM than other treatments and was increased as pH was low. Heavy metal accumulation of roots in two plants was higher than the content of shoot part. Heavy metal accumulation concentration was measured Cu 369.79μg/g, Cd 114.99μg/g in roots of cosmos, and Cu 318.94μg/g, Cd 81.20μg/g in roots of sunflower.

PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Cervical Adentis) 증후군 1예

강혜련,김신우,배기범,박지현,강영모,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.3

PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and cervical Adenitis) syndrome has characteristic features of an early onset, periodicity (interval <4 weeks), and a brisk rising high fever (>39℃) of 3 to 6 days' duration without signs of infection. An 18-year-old male was admitted for high fever, sore throat, headache, and abdominal pain. He had suffered from periodic fevers associated with pharyngitis and cervical adenitis for 14 years without any evidence of infection. The fever recurred approximately every 4 weeks lasting 4 to 7 days with intervening asymptomatic periods. Physical examination was unremarkable except for slightly injected tonsils. Most laboratory tests including CBC were normal except for elevation of Creactive protein level (3.47 mg/dL). Bacteriologic and radiologic studies were negative. The fever was spontaneously subsided in 6 days. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of PFAPA syndrome in Korea. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:219∼222, 2001)

한국폴리텍대 대학생의 자기조절학습 전략 활용에 관한 연구

강혜영,유현실 한국직업능력개발원 2007 직업능력개발연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 한국폴리텍대학(구, 기능대학) 학생들이 최근 유용한 학습방법으로 제시되고 있는 자기조절학습 전략을 어느 정도 활용하는지를 살펴보려는 것이다. 이를 위하여 한국폴리텍대 학생을 대상으로 자기조절학습 측정검사(양명희, 2000)를 실시하였으며 총 8개교의 학생 781명의 자료가 분석되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 폴리텍대 학생들은 전체적으로 인지조절(M= 3.02~3.35)이나 동기조절 전략(M= 2.99~3.39)에 비해 행동조절 전략(M= 2.80~3.02)을 상대적으로 덜 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 자기조절학습의 하위 전략 중에는 학업시간 관리 전략(M= 2.80)을 가장 덜 사용하며, 숙달목적지향성 전략(M= 3.39)을 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연령에 따른 자기조절학습 전략 활용의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 인지조절, 동기조절, 행동조절학습전략 모두에서 17-19세 연령 집단이 자기조절학습전략을 가장 덜 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 출신고교에 따른 자기조절학습전략 활용의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 인지조절, 동기조절, 행동조절 학습전략 모두에서 농업고등학교 졸업자 집단이 자기조절학습전략을 가장 덜 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 폴리텍대 대학생들에게 학업시간 관리 및 행동통제에 대한 교육과 상담 프로그램이 절실히 요청된다고 하겠다. 특별히, 다양한 연령대와 출신고교의 학생들이 재학하고 있는 폴리텍대학의 경우, 17-19세 연령대의 학생들과 농업고등학교 출신 학생들을 대상으로 한 학습관련 교육과 상담 프로그램이 마련될 필요가 있어 보인다. The purpose of this study is to examine the utilization of self-regulated learning strategies which have been suggested as a useful learning method for polytechnic college students, The Self-regulated Learning Inventory(Yang, 2000) was administered to 781 students selected from eight polytechnic colleges. Results were found as following. First, Polytechnic college students used strategies of behavior control (M=2.80~3.02) less than those of cognitive control (M=3.02~3.35) or motivation control (M=2.99~3.39). Specifically, study time control (M=2.80) was used the least, and mastery goal orientation strategy (M=3.39) was used the most. Second, the comparison between different age groups upon self-regulated learning showed that the age group of 17-19 years old used all the self-regulated learning strategies the least. Third, comparisons between students with different high school backgrounds upon self-regulated learning showed that students from agricultural high schools used self-regulated learning strategies the least. Implications were discussed for educational and counseling programs regarding the study time management and behavior control, specifically for students of younger age and those from agricultural high schools.

복수암 Sarcoma 180을 생쥐의 B 임파구 분화에 미치는 Ascorbate의 영향

강영준,노정혜,강사욱,정가진 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Ascorbate is one of the important radical scavengers. Its roles in biological system including anti-cancer effects have been broadly studied. Ascorbate recovered the function of B lymphocytes which was suppressed by Sarcoma 180-derived immunosuppressive factor(s). Production of anti-SRBC antidody was increased by the adminisration of ascorbate in the Sarcoma 180 culture supernatant-treated mice. Ascorbate enhanced the suppressed immune function of tumor-bearing hosts. Treatment of 1 mg of ascorbate increased the function of B lymphocytes, however, 10ug of ascorbate treatment decreased. In vitro treatment of ascorbate increased the immunoglobulin production ac-cording to the increasement of ascorbate concentration. These results also imply that ascorbate may be a immunoreeulatory molecule.

중금속이 코스모스와 해바라기의 초기 생육반응에 미치는 영향 : the Potential for Phytoremediation

강만혜,이영현,이종화 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.2

This research used cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) to test the potential of phytoremediation, an environmental heavy metal removal method. I examined the emergence, growth rate and physiological responses and confirmed heavy metal accumulation of Cd and Cu treatment and pH treatment-affected plants at early growing period. The emergence and growth rate was shown the lowest in the Cu 2000 μM. Chlorophyll and soluble protein content according to pH concentration were a little bad in their treatment plot compared with the control and were a little bad as pH concentration was decrease. But total nitrogen content was shown the highest in the Cu 2000 μM than other treatments and was increased as pH was decrease. Heavy metal accumulation of roots in two plants was higher than the content of shoot part. Heavy metal accumulation concentration was measured Cu 369.79㎍/g, Cd 114.99㎍/g in roots of cosmos, and Cu 318.94㎍/g, Cd 81.20㎍/g in roots of sunflower.

외상으로 실활된 미성숙 영구치에서의 계속된 치근 형성

강유진,김혜영,김영진,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

치아에 외상을 받은 경우 치수 생활력의 상실은 흔한 일이다. 치수 생활력을 검사하는 방법으로는 임상적, 방사선학적으로 여러 가지가 있지만, 미성숙 외상치의 경우 일시적 현상과 가성 반응이 나타날 수 있으므로 치수 괴사에 대한 정확한 진단은 매우 어렵다. 생활력을 상실한 치아는 염증성 치근흡수, 치근단 낭종 등의 발생을 방지하기 위하여 치수 치료를 시행한다. 그러나 미성숙 영구치의 경우, 치수 치료를 시행 후 치근 성장이 정지될 수 있어 결과적으로 얇고 짧은 치근이 형성되어 장기적인 예후는 좋지 않다. 본 임상 증례에서는 외상으로 인하여 실활된 초기 영구치에서 치근단부의 최소한의 침습적 치근단 형성술로 계속된 치근 형성을 보여 이에 보고하는 바이다. In case of luxation injuries, loss of tooth vitality is common. And in case of trauma in the immature permanent teeth, precise diagnosis of pulp necrosis is very difficult. That is because limitation in distinguishing between normal dental papilla in immature permanent teeth, transient apical breakdown(TAB), which is part of normal healing process, and apical radiolucency in pulp necrosis. Especially in non-vital immature permanent tooth, the treatment is complex and requires long time. This clinical case report shows that severely infected immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis can undergo healing and apexogenesis or maturogenesis with no definative treatment or after conservative treatment. In the cases reported, we emphasize the considerable power of regeneration of the tooth, probably due to its large number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the dental papilla, pulp tissue, periodontal ligament tissues. Thus, when endodontic treatment in immature permanent teeth, over instrumentation is not recommend for preserve the apical vital stem cells.

유기산 완충용액의 포화도가 상아질의 탈회에 미치는 영향

강혜실,이찬영 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.5

The purpose of this study is to compare and to evaluate the effects of the degree of saturation on the progression of artificial root caries lesion. A total of 8 human premolars without any defects and cracks selected and the cementum were removed and the teeth were cleaned with ultrasonic device and pumice without fluoride. Each tooth was sectioned into 6 pieces and they were ground with #800 sandpaper until they had a thickness of 200 ㎛. Specimens were applied with nail vanish except for the 2-3 mm window area after application of bonding agent. Under the constant pH, the specimens were divided into 6 groups (degree of saturation: 0.1415, 0.1503, 0.1597, 0.1676, 0.1771. 0.1977). Each group was immersed in acid buffer solution for 1, 2, 3, 5 days under controlled temperature (25℃) and imbibed in water and examined using the polarizing microscope. The results were as follows 1. Although the degree of saturation of demineralization solution decreased, the depth of penetration in the dentin was constant. 2. Erosion was observed on the surface of all the teeth in the group Ⅰ, Ⅱ. In the group Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, surfaces were not changed. The teeth in the group Ⅵ showed the more mineralized surface but not the shape of the dentinal tubules distinctively. 3. In all groups, the lesion progressed rapidly at the first day of the experiment, but increased gradually as time elapsed.