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Optimization analysis of the absorption-stabilization process for fluid catalytic cracking unit
Hussain Muhammad Saddam,Ahmed Ashfaq,Yibin Liu,Amin Muhammad Nadeem,Zahoor Tahir,Saleem Muhammad Afnan,Roh Kosan,Hussain Murid,Abu Bakar Muhammad Saifullah,박영권 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.7
The absorption-stabilization process (ASP), an important part of petroleum refinery used in the end-use products of petroleum (such as stable gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, and dry gas), is energy-intensive and has low product quality. Aspen Plus process simulator was used for the development of the ASP process model. The developed process model was validated with the actual plant data. The validated model was used to optimize to minimize the cost of the ASP. This work shows that the optimization analysis of the ASP can further improve the product quality and reduce thermal energy consumption. In the new process, changing feeding parameters of supplementary absorption oil, stripping tower intermediate reboiler, and feeding position of stabilization tower reduced the C3 contents of dry gas considerably and lowered the C2 and lighter contents of LPG. Additionally, the new process saved 1.32 MW of thermal energy consumption compared with the existing process. The operating cost has been reduced from 10.921 million USD annually to 9.830 million USD per year. Furthermore, the cost-saving effect of this optimization is about 9.99% (1.091 million USD per year).
Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,Khawar Abbas,Muhammad Sher,Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,Wolfgang Tremel,Mohammad Saeed Iqbal,Muhammad Amin,Munair Badshah 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.12
This article presents the synthesis of novel hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)-aspirin (ASP) conjugates,i.e. macromolecular prodrugs, through the reaction of HPMC with ASP after its in situ activation by 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The highly pure ASP prodrugs obtained by this homogeneous and elegant esterification method were characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Nanoparticulate drug design was successfully achieved by the conversion of free hydroxyls of the polymer into acetates. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed nanoparticle formation with the major population size distribution of around 450 nm. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetics of the HPMC conjugates were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that a single dose of 132.6 mg of HPMC-ASP was well tolerated in animal studies without any adverse effects. The maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of HPMC-ASP was found to be 14.6 μg·L^-1 with a t_max of 1 h. The plasma half-life and clearance and the volume of HPMC-ASP distribution were 4.6 h, 3.23 L·h^-1, and 21.8 L·kg^-1, respectively. The elimination of HPMC-ASP followed first-order kinetics with r^2 of 0.9643. The results presented in this paper show the great potential of HPMCASP as a more effective, safe, and stable prodrug.
Muhammad Shabbir Shakir,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Muhammad Saeed,Tanveer Hussain Bokhari,Muhammad Abid Zia 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.11
The Present study deals with synthesis of PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposites with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of particle size less than 50 nm by sonication and solution casting techniques. After characterization, such nanocomposite materials were subjected to thermal study, antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant screening. Nanocomposites films showed higher thermal stability than pure polymer matrix loaded with different ZnO-Nps concentration with homogeneous distribution. Antibacterial studies were carried out against selected gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Selective antibiofilm activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which showed a higher to lower activity as a model pathogenic strains (~93 and ~89 at 160 g/ml concentration, respectively), while free radical scavenging capacity was assessed by DPPH, ABTH·+ and FRAP methods. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed larger zones of inhibition and higher antibiofilm and antioxidant activity than PVC/ABS polymer matrix. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal stability and biological properties that qualify them for different biomedical and industrial applications.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Practices on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
Hussain Muhammad,Ashfaq U. Rehman,Muhammad Waqas 한국유통과학회 2016 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.6 No.1
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate governance practices such as (board size, board composition, CEO duality and audit committee) on the performance of selected Pakistani firms. Research design, data, and methodology – This study examines corporate governance structure by using the data of 80 non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan during 2010-2014. Hypotheses of the study were tested by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result – The findings indicate that board size and audit committee is positively related to the firm performance (ROA & ROE). In contrast, board composition and CEO duality are negatively related to the firm performance (ROA & ROE). As far as controlling variables is concerned, leverage is negative, whereas firm size is positively related to all measures of performance. Conclusions – Empirical findings concluded that corporate governance practices affect the firm performance. Therefore, it is suggested that managers should understand the governance mechanisms to work more efficiently in the firm
Effects of elastic medium on buckling of microtubules due to bending and torsion
Taj, Muhammad,Hussain, Muzamal,Afsar, Muhammad A.,Safeer, Muhammad,Ahmad, Manzoor,Naeem, Muhammad N.,Badshah, Noor,Khan, Arshad,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.5
Microtubules buckle under bending and torsion and this property has been studied for free microtubules before using orthotropic elastic shell model. But as microtubules are embedded in other elastic filaments and it is experimentally showed that these elastic filaments affect the critical buckling moment and critical buckling torque of the microtubules. To prove that, we developed orthotropic Winkler like model and demonstrated that the critical buckling moment and critical buckling torque of the microtubules are orders of higher magnitude than those found for free microtubules. Our results show that Critical buckling moment is about 6.04 nNnm for which the corresponding curvature is about θ = 1.33 rad /㎛ for embedded MTs, and critical buckling torque is 0.9 nNnm for the angle of 1.33 rad/㎛. Our results well proved the experimental findings.
Institutional Ownership Heterogeneity and Earnings Management Practices
Muhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOBMuhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOB 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6
The manipulation of the firms’ earnings reported in the financial statements, also known as earnings management, is common among companies. The current study examined the relationship of institutional ownership heterogeneity and earnings management practices through the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach. The study adopted the Kothari et al. (2005) model for the measurement of earnings management practices. The research classified the institutional investors into different categories such as mutual funds, pension funds, investment companies, foreign companies, and group ownership. The study analyzed the selected variables by tanking a sample of 206 listed companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for 2013 to 2018. Consistent with agency theory, the results reveal that mutual funds and financial firms’ ownership curtail earnings management practices. Our results reveal the negligible effect of group ownership, investment companies’ ownership, and pension funds ownership in curtailing the earnings management practices in Pakistan. As a result, the findings support monitoring the role of hedge funds and international ownership in earnings management, which restricts managers’ opportunistic behavior. Thus, the proclivity of earnings management practices by managers is mitigated by mutual funds and foreign ownership as compared to the other institutional ownership structure in Pakistani firms.
Hussain, Sajjad,Shehzad, Muhammad Arslan,Vikraman, Dhanasekaran,Khan, Muhammad Farooq,Singh, Jai,Choi, Dong-Chul,Seo, Yongho,Eom, Jonghwa,Lee, Wan-Gyu,Jung, Jongwan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.7
<P>In this article, we report layer-controlled, continuous and large-area molydenum sulfide (MoS2) growth onto a SiO2/Si substrate by RF sputtering combined with sulfurization. A two-step process was employed to synthesize MoS2 films. In the first step, an atomically thin MoO3 film was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at 300 degrees C. Subsequently, the as-sputtered MoO3 film was further subjected to post-annealing and sulfurization processes at 650 degrees C for 1 hour. It was observed that the number of layers of MoS2 can be controlled by adjusting the sputtering time. The fabricated MoS2 transistors exhibited high mobility values of similar to 21 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) (bilayer) and similar to 25 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) (trilayer), on/off ratios in the range of similar to 10(7) (bilayer) and 10(4)-10(5) (trilayer), respectively. We believe that our proposed paradigm can start a new method for the growth of MoS2 in future electronics and optoelectronics applications.</P>