Investigation of PCR-RFLPs within Major Histocompatibility Complex B-G Genes Using Two Restriction Enzymes in Eight Breeds of Chinese Indigenous Chickens

R. F. Xu,K. Li,G. H. Chen,B. Y. Z. Qiang,D. L. Mo,B. Fan,C. C. Li,M. Yu,M. J. Zhu,T. A. Xiong,B. Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a nonsynonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variableregion- like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

Influence of Dry Roasting on Rumen Protein Degradation Characteristics of Whole Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Dairy Cows

Yu, P.,Holmes, J.H.G.,Leury, B.J.,Egan, A.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1

Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30, 45 minutes to determine the optimal heating conditions of time and temperature to increase nutritional value. Ruminant degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) of WFB were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of crude protein (CP) were soluble (washable) fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T0), potentially degradable fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass crude protein (%BCP) and bypass crude protein (BCP in g/kg) were calculated. Degradability of CP was reduced by dry roasting (p < 0.01). S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature, from 49.0% in the raw WFB (RWFB) to 26.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45$ min. D varied from 50.7% in RWFB to 73.7% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$. U varied from 0% in $130^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, $150^{\circ}/30^{\prime}$ and $150^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ to 0.66% in $110^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ (0.24% for the RWFB). Lag time (T0) varied from 1.58 h in $130^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 2.40 h in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (1.87 h for RWFB). Kd varied from 24.2% in the $110^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 4.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (21.4% for the RWFB). Kd was significantly reduced with time and temperature. All these effects resulted in increasing % BCP from 8.9% in the $110^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, 11.3% in the RWFB to 43.1% in the $150^{\circ}C/45$. Therefore BCP increased from 31.3 and 39.9 to 148.4 g/kg respectively. Both %BCP and BCP at $150^{\circ}C/45$ increased nearly 4 times over the raw faba beans. The effects of dry roasting temperature and time on %BCP and BCP seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal dry roasting conditions of time and temperature could be determined at this stage. It was concluded that dry roasting was effective in shifting crude protein degradation from rumen to intestine to reduce unnecessary nitrogen (N) loss in the rumen. To determine the optimal treatment, the digestibility of each treatment should be measured in the next trial using mobile bags technique.

Influence of Dry Roasting of Whole Faba Beans (Vicia faba) on Rumen Degradation Characteristics in Dairy Cows, II: Starch

Yu, P.,Egan, A.R.,Holmes, J.H.G.,Leury, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5

Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures of 110, 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30 and 45 minutes (min) to determine the optimal heating conditions to increase bypass starch as glucose source which may be a limiting nutrient in high producing dairy cattle. Ruminant degradation characteristics of starch (St) of WFB were determined using in sacco method in 6 dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of St were soluble (washable) fraction (S), potentially degradation fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of the insoluble but degradable St fraction. Based on measurement of these characteristics, percentage bypass starch (%BSt) and bypass starch (BSt) were calculated. Degradability of starch in the rumen was reduced by dry roasting at temperature of 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ and increased at $110^{\circ}C$. S varied from 50.0% in the raw whole faba beans (RWFB) and 53.7% in $110^{\circ}C$/15 min to 18.2% in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. D varied from 49.9% in RWFB and 46.3% in $110^{\circ}C$/15 min to 81.8 % in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. Kd varied from 9.8% in RWFB and 11.0% in the $110^{\circ}C$/30 min to 4.2 in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. All these effects resulted in increasing %BSt from 22.1% in the $110^{\circ}C$/45 min and 23.9% in RWFB to 49.9% in the $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. Therefore BSt increased from 91.4 g/kg and 98.4 g/kg to 199.9 g/kg respectively. Dry roasting at $110^{\circ}C$ increased the starch rumen degradation. Treatment at higher temperature (130 and $150^{\circ}C$) decreased rumen degradation of starch and seemed to be linear up to highest values tested. No optimal dry roasting conditions of treatment could be determined at this stage. It may be concluded that dry roasting at temperatures of 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ was effective in shifting starch degradation from rumen to intestine to increase bypass starch.

Monocular retinal degeneration induced by intravitreal injection of sodium iodate in rabbit eyes

Cho, B. J.,Seo, J. M.,Yu, H. G.,Chung, H. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2016 Japanese journal of ophthalmology Vol.60 No.3

<P>Purpose Our purpose was to evaluate the anatomical and functional changes in retinae of rabbit eyes following monocular intravitreal injection of sodium iodate (SI). Methods Twenty albino rabbits were divided into four groups and underwent monocular intravitreal injection with four different doses of SI (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg). Before and for 28 days after injection, the eyes were examined using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). At postinjection days 2, 7, and 28, the eyes were enucleated and underwent histological examination. Results On fundus examination, no distinct retinal changes were seen in any group except the 0.8-mg group, which showed chorioretinal vascular attenuation. In 0.1 and 0.2-mg groups, no significant anatomical changes were found except transient hyperreflective dots over the vitreoretinal interface on OCT. In 0.4 and 0.8-mg groups, disruption of the ellipsoid zone and diffuse retinal swelling were observed in the early period on OCT. In the 0.4-mg group, the outer retina was significantly destroyed at day 28, whereas the inner retina was relatively preserved. In the 0.8-mg group, the entire retina was destroyed irreversibly. The b-wave of ERG was reduced immediately in all groups, which recovered fully (0.1- and 0.2-mg groups), partially (0.4-mg group), or never (0.8-mg group). No structural or functional abnormalities were found in the fellow control eyes. Conclusions Retinal degeneration following intravitreal injection of SI appears to be dose dependent; retinal damage is reversible at low doses but irreversible at high doses. At a certain dose, the outer retina may be preferably ablated.</P>

Frequency and field dependent conductivity of carbon nanotube networks

A.B.Kaiser,K.J.Challis,G.C.McIntosh,G.T.Kim,H.Y.Yu,J.G.Park,S.H.Jhang,Y.W.Park 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.2

The measured resistance of carbon nanotube networks is often dominated by defects, inter-tube and inter-rope contacts. Weshow that the peak reported in the frequency-dependent conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotube networks is consistent withpendence of the conductivity. Using Sheng’s model, we calculate the eld dependence of uctuation-assisted tunnelling conductionbetween metallic regions separated by an insulating barrier, obtaining nonlinearities consistent with our experimental data oncarbon nanotube networks.. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of Growth Performance and Disease Occurrence on Castration and Injection time of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin(rbST) in Holstein Bulls

Kweon, O. G 韓國酪農學會 1997 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

돈골격근의 생화학적 특성에 관한 연구 1 . 환경온도가 돈골격근의 근원섬유 수축성과 Myosin B 추출성에 미치는 영향

유용걸(Y . G . Yu),김병태(B . T . Kim),이문준(M . J . Lee),박형기(H . K . Park) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of myofibril and myosin B. Samples were extracted from the longissimus dorsi of lumber vertebra from the porcine weighing over 110kg in live weight. The porcine muscle was held either at 0℃ or at 40 ℃ for 30, 60, and 90 min. The carcass temperature immediatly after slaughter ranged from 42.0℃ to 42.6℃ with the line weight. The samples held at 40℃ showed much less contractility than those treated at 0℃. No contractility reaction was found on those treated for 90 min at 40℃. Extractibility of myosin B from the sample treated at 40℃ was lower than those treated at 0℃ The myofibril was not found in the residue of the sample treated at 0℃ which myosin B was extracted from treated at O℃ But there was much more myofibril in the residue from those treated for 60 min and 90 min at 40℃. Thus, the difference found in this experiment seemed at to reflect the differences in biological activities of the myofibrillar protein. As they corresponded to PSE porcine muscle symptoms, it can be concluded that the porcine carcass has to be held at 0℃immediately after slaughter in order to produce good quality pork especially from the animals exceeding 110kg in live weight.

MINERAL NUTRITION OF GRAZING SHEEP IN NORTHERN CHINA I. MACRO-MINERALS IN PASTURE, FEED SUPPLEMENTS AND SHEEP

Masters, D.G.,Purser, D.B.,Yu, S.X.,Wang, Z.S.,Yang, R.Z.,Liu, N.,Lu, D.X.,Wu, L.H.,Ren, J.K.,Li, G.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.1

This study determined the macro-mineral levels in plants and sheep, at different times during the year, at three farms in northern China. Samples of plants, animal tissues and faeces were collected at 5 to 8 times during the year from each site. They were analysed for calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Sodium concentrations in plants were below those recommended for optimum animal production at all sites for all or part of the year (0.01-1.66 g/kg DM). Low concentrations of sodium in faeces were measured and signs of sodium deficiency (soil ingestion) were observed on one farm. There were seasonal trends in other mineral levels in plants and animals. Plants were lowest in potassium (2.3-13.4 g/kg DM), magnesium (1.28-4.82 g/kg DM) and phosphorus (0.24-1.62 g/kg DM) in winter and spring. However, high levels of these elements were supplied in the feed supplements used at this time of the year. During the periods of rapid pasture growth, in summer and autumn, supplements of feed and salt are often not provide even though pasture concentrations of phosphorus and sodium are low. It may be at these times that sheep will be most susceptible to deficiencies of these elements.

管流動에서 高分子物質의 退化에 관한 硏究

兪炳玖,金在根,車京玉 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the drag reduction by measuring pressure drop and void fraction with and without polymer additives a horizontal two phase system. Experimental have been conducted with a test section of 24 ㎜ in inner diameter and 1,500 ㎜ in length. The used polymer materials are two kinds of polyacrylamide[PAAM] and co-polymer[A611P]. The polymer concentration was varied with 50,100,200 ppm under same experimental conditions. Experimental results show higher drag reduction using co-polymer than using polyacrylamid.

An accurate simulation study on capacitance-voltage characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors in novel structures

Yu, E.,Cho, S.,Park, B.G. North-Holland 2017 PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER - Vol.521 No.-

<P>An essential and important method for physical and electrical characterization of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure is the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement. Judging from the C-V characteristics of a MOS structure, we are allowed to predict the DC and AC behaviors of the field-effect transistor and extract a set of primary parameters. The MOS field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology has evolved to enhance the gate controllability over the channel in order for effectively suppressing the short-channel effects (SCEs) unwantedly taking place as device scaling progresses. For the goal, numerous novel structures have been suggested for the advanced MOSFET devices. However, the C-V characteristics of such novel MOS structures have not been seldom studied in depth. In this work, we report the C-V characteristics of ultra-thin-body (UTB) MOSFETs on the bulk Si and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates by rigorous technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. For higher credibility and accuracy, quantum-mechanical models are activated and empirical material parameters are employed from the existing literature. The MOSFET structure and the material configurations are schemed referring advanced logic technology suggested by the most recent technology roadmap. The C-V characteristics of UTB MOSFETs having a floating body with extremely small volume are closely investigated.</P>