The Magnetoresistance in Iron-based Superconductors

B. Lv,R. B. Xie,S. L. Liu,G. J. Wu,H. M. Shao,X. S. Wu 한국자기학회 2011 Journal of Magnetics Vol.16 No.2

The phase transition of vortex matter from solid to liquid was studied in iron-based superconductors. Based on the traditional vortex glass theory, we have examined the magnetoresistivity data of iron-based superconductors using our extended thermal activation model: ρ(B,T) = ρ((T-Tg(B))/(Tc(0)-Tg(B)))<SUP>v(z-1)</SUP>. We predict that the magnetic field-dependent area S + S? which integrates ρ with T is proportional to B<SUP>β</SUP>, where β is the vortex glass transition exponent. From our calculation, the vortex glass transition exponent is 0.33, close to the exponent of area S?+ S is 0.31 in SmO0.9F0.1FeAs; the exponent of area S is 0.63, which is close to the irreversibility line exponent 2/3. Both of the results show the validity of our model. In addition, our model is shown to be effective in describing irreversibility behavior in layered superconductors.

Investigation of PCR-RFLPs within Major Histocompatibility Complex B-G Genes Using Two Restriction Enzymes in Eight Breeds of Chinese Indigenous Chickens

R. F. Xu,K. Li,G. H. Chen,B. Y. Z. Qiang,D. L. Mo,B. Fan,C. C. Li,M. Yu,M. J. Zhu,T. A. Xiong,B. Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a nonsynonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variableregion- like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST

Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected

Surface segregation and oxidation of Pt₃Ni(111) alloys under oxygen environment

Lee, H.C.,Kim, B.M.,Jeong, C.K.,Toyoshima, R.,Kondoh, H.,Shimada, T.,Mase, K.,Mao, B.,Liu, Z.,Lee, H.,Huang, C.Q.,Li, W.X.,Ross, P.N.,Mun, B.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.260 No.-

<P>Utilizing ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), the surface segregation and oxidation of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) alloys are investigated as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. The in situ AP-XPS measurements of oxygen oxidation process show that the Pt 'skin' surface is not stable under the exposure of oxygen pressure of 100 mTorr at room temperature. As the temperature and pressure are elevated, the formations of Ni2O3, NiOx, and NiO are observed on surface while Pt atom starts to reduce its adsorbed oxygen, which is a clear sign of surface segregation of Ni to surface. Upon the evacuation of oxygen gas, i.e. ultrahigh vacuum condition, both of NiOx and NiO oxide get reduced and Ni2O3 remains on the surface. The DFT calculation is employed to explain the formation of surface oxides under oxidation condition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Control of the surface atomic population of Rh_0.5Pd_0.5 bimetallic nanoparticles supported on CeO₂

Bernardi, F.,Grass, M.E.,Hong, Y.P.,Chang, R.,Jabeen, N.,Zhang, C.,Eichhorn, B.W.,Seo, B.,Alayoglu, S.,Hussain, Z.,Joo, S.H.,Liu, Z. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.260 No.-

<P>Rh0.5Pd0.5/CeO2 bimetallic nanoparticles were subjected to reducing and oxidizing atmospheres at different temperatures and characterized by means of the Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS). The surface atomic population is calculated for all cases. By using a high temperature pretreatment at 480 degrees C in H-2 atmosphere, it was possible to control the surface atomic population with Pd atoms frozen at the skin layer even in an oxidizing atmosphere, which is not observed without high temperature pre-treatment (Rh atoms at the skin layer). The change of the Rh/Pd surface segregation behavior after the high temperature pre-treatment is attributed to the geometrical factor of Strong Metal Support Interaction (SMSI) effect, i.e., the occurrence of the ceria capping layer around nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

腹水의 病因과 治療

劉邦鉉 大韓消化器病學會 1977 大韓消化器病學會雜誌 Vol.9 No.2

胃神經症의 臨床 및 X線學的 考察

徐甲源,申勝雨,柳邦鉉 부산의대 1963 부산의대잡지 - 부산대학교 의과대학 Vol.3 No.1

In-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of micromechanical behavior of multiple phases in Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ shape memory alloy

Sun, G.A.,Wang, X.L.,Wang, Y.D.,Woo, W.C.,Wang, H.,Liu, X.P.,Chen, B.,Fu, Y.Q.,Sheng, L.S.,Ren, Y. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.560 No.-

High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was used to in-situ characterize microstructure, lattice strain, and phase transition behavior of a Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> shape memory alloy. Phase transformation kinetics and deformation mechanisms were studied under a uniaxial tension at three testing temperatures, i.e., -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, and 150<SUP>o</SUP>C. At a testing temperature of -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, a complicated phase transformation with four stages of micromechanical deformation was identified which is associated with changes of martensite substructures. At room temperature of 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no stress-induced selection process of variants of B19' phases observed. Whereas at a testing temperature of 150<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no any phase transformation observed. It is verified that β-Nb phase, an effective stabilizer for the austenite, delays the process of martensitic transformation and relaxes the strain energy without strengthening the matrix. This new finding is important to understand the relationship between the micromechanical deformation behavior and phase transformations in the Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> SMA.

Association of genetic variation in <i>FTO</i> with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Li, H.,Kilpelä,inen, T. O.,Liu, C.,Zhu, J.,Liu, Y.,Hu, C.,Yang, Z.,Zhang, W.,Bao, W.,Cha, S.,Wu, Y.,Yang, T.,Sekine, A.,Choi, B. Y.,Yajnik, C. S.,Zhou, D.,Takeuchi, F.,Yamamoto, K.,Chan, J. C.,Man Springer-Verlag 2012 Diabetologia Vol.55 No.4

<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for <I>FTO</I> in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the <I>FTO</I> locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>All studies published on the association between <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 (or proxy [<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 9.0 × 10<SUP>−19</SUP>), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.0 × 10<SUP>−11</SUP>) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 5.5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, <I>p</I> = 6.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>). The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> per allele (<I>p</I> = 2.8 × 10<SUP>−17</SUP>), WHR by 0.003/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.2 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (<I>p</I> = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12–20%) than South Asians (30–33%), the effect of <I>FTO</I> variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, <I>FTO</I> is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.</P>

The Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Infectious Keratitis in Asia

Khor, Wei-Boon,Prajna, Venkatesh N.,Garg, Prashant,Mehta, Jodhbir S.,Xie, Lixin,Liu, Zuguo,Padilla, Ma. Dominga B.,Joo, Choun-Ki,Inoue, Yoshitsugu,Goseyarakwong, Panida,Hu, Fung-Rong,Nishida, Kohji,Ki Elsevier 2018 American journal of ophthalmology Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection. A microbiological protocol standardized the processing and reporting of all isolates. Treatment of the infectious keratitis was decided by the managing ophthalmologist. Subjects were observed for up to 6 months. Main outcome measures were final visual acuity and the need for surgery during infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 6626 eyes of 6563 subjects were studied. The majority of subjects were male (n = 3992). Trauma (n = 2279, 34.7%) and contact lens wear (n = 704, 10.7%) were the commonest risk factors. Overall, bacterial keratitis was diagnosed in 2521 eyes (38.0%) and fungal keratitis in 2166 eyes (32.7%). Of the 2831 microorganisms isolated, the most common were <I>Fusarium</I> species (n = 518, 18.3%), <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> (n = 302, 10.7%), and <I>Aspergillus flavus</I> (n = 236, 8.3%). Cornea transplantation was performed in 628 eyes to manage ongoing infection, but 289 grafts (46%) had failed by the end of the study. Moderate visual impairment (Snellen vision less than 20/60) was documented in 3478 eyes (53.6%).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Demographic and risk factors for infection vary by country, but infections occur predominantly in male subjects and are frequently related to trauma. Overall, a similar percentage of bacterial and fungal infections were diagnosed in this study. Visual recovery after infectious keratitis is guarded, and corneal transplantation for active infection is associated with a high failure rate.</P>