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홍광식,최영자,이연화,정정임,장남덕 한국초등교육학회 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.15 No.1
본 연구는 학교 주5일제에 관한 학생과 교사의 의식을 조사분석하여 학교 주5일제 실시에 대응하고자 하였다. 조사 대상자는 초·중·고 학생 1558명과 교사 1077명이었다. 연구결과, 학생들은 현재 학교생활에서 공부하는 즐거움을 알지 못하고 친구들과의 교제에서 즐거움을 찾고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학교 주5일제 관해서는 학생과 교사 대부분이 찬성하고 있으며, 찬성 이유는 여유있는 하루, 가족과 접촉시간을 갖고 취미활동을 하며 친구와 놀 수 있기 때문이라고 하였다. 교사들은 학교 주5일제로 인한 수업시수의 문제를 감축해도 상관이 없다는 반응이 많았고, 현재의 수업시수를 확보해야 한다는 의견은 적었다. 학생과 교사 대부분은 학교 주5일제는 학생들이 다양한 체험을 할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 체제로 인식, 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. The purpose of this study is twofold: (ⅰ) to analyze students and teachers' consciousness on the proposed Five-day-work-week School System(FSS) plan; and (ⅱ) to propose a desirable direction of school management including curriculum compatible with the (FSS) plan. This study developed as follows. For the theoretical background of this study, previous research was reviewed. For the items of the questionnaire, the Japanese Ministry of Education Survey on the FSS at school was referred to. The Subjects sampled were 1558 students and 1077 teachers, The data collected from the at elementary, secondary and high school of students and teachers were statistically analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 7.5. The following are the results of the survey. First, in order to adopt the FSS plan, schools have to develop new programs connecting home and school. It is required that school develop special programs that the local community can participate in and cooperate with. Second, most of the respondents support the FSS plan because students can have more chances to be with their family, to become familiar with nature, and to attend various activities sponsored by the local organizations. Third, to argue that it is desirable to adopt the FSS plan even though school has to reduce the minimum class hours. The reason they are against the no-school-on-saturday plan is that there are many families who cannot take care of their children on Saturdays; thus, special programs for them should be prepared before the plan is put into practice. It is also required that we develop various sports or culture events for young adolescents and make up more organizations for youth. We should have school or community facilities open to young adolescents and children whose parents are unavailable to care for them. The latter should have an easy access to those facilities. From these observations, we can conclude that it is imminent to develop various programs before we put the FSS plan into practice. Schools should cooperate fully with homes and the community.
β-Fluoro-α-phenylpyrrole 유도체의 합성에 관한 연구
郭炅喆,吳賢哲,鄭悳商,李英行,白承和,金鍾洙,蔡奎允 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.2
플루오르가 선택적으로 치환된 유기화합물은 모체 화합물 보다 향상된 생리활성을 지니는 경우가 많이 보고 된바 있다. 이는 할로젠족 원소인 플루오르의 큰 전기음성도 때문에 비교적 강한 탄소플루오르 결합 형성 및 증가된 리피드 용해도 때문이다. Pyrrole과 그의 유도체들은 폴리머, 의약품 그리고 염료 등에 광범위하게 사용되어 왔고 오래 전부터 잘 알려진 화합물이다. 최근 자연계에서 산출되거나 합성 가능한 플루오르가 선택적으로 치환된 fluoropyrrole 유도체들은 진통제, 소염제 및 살균제 등으로 다양하게 이용될 수 있음이 알려져 있기 때문에 fluoropyrrole 유도체의 합성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 일반적으로 플루오르는 반응성이 매우 커서 유기화합물에 대한 선택적인 플루오르기의 도입이 극히 제한적이다.
( Duk Ki Kim ),( Myung Hee Kim ),( Gee Young Yun ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Dae Hwa Park ),( Seo Hee Lee ),( Hyuk Soo Eun ),( Seok Hyun Kim ),( Byung Seok Lee ),( Jong Seok Joo ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Tenofovir was licensed in 2008 for the treatment of HBV infections in Europe and the United States and has been available in Korea since 2012. It has shown potent antiviral efficacy and safety against HBV infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical response and virological response to tenofovir in HBV patients at 3-years after treatment with tenofovir. Methods: A total of 180 patients with chronic hepatitis B who had received tenofovir for at least 3-years were enrolled from September 2012 through August 2016 in Korea. The rates of virologic response, biochemical response, HBeAg seroconversion were analyzed. The virologic response(VR) showed a decrease in a value of less than 20IU/mL of HBV DNA and the partial virologic response showed a decrease in value over a 1log baseline of HBV DNA, while throughout the trial, HBV DNA was continuously detected. The Biochemical response(BR) was defined as normalized ALT values in the serum. Results: Data from 68 treatment-naiive patients and 112 treatment- experienced patients were analyzed: predominantly males (61.1%), 38.4% HBeAg positive, 37.8% with cirrhosis. Rate of undetectable HBV DNA increased constantly from week 48 to week 144, reaching 91.7%. At week 144, 173 patients (96.1%) had a normalized serum ALT value. Virologic response and biochemical response were achieved by majority of patients(>90%) irrespective of previous treatment history or HBeAg positive status. At week 144, the cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 12.1% and did not differ significantly between treatment naiive- and treatment- experince patients. Virologic breakthrough was reported in sixteen patients and thirteen patients achieved virologic response during tenofovir treatment while the other three patients with poor compliance did not reached virologic response. During the course of study, no patient reported renal toxicity, defined as a decrease of eGFR more than 20% from baseline. Conclusions: This study showed that tenofovir has a potent biochemical and virologic response in korean chronic hepatitis B patients regardless of previous treatment history or HBeAg positive status.
Jung Duk-Yeon,Jung Sunok,Yun Jong-Sun,Kim Jin-Nam,Wee Young-Jung,Jang Hong-Gi,Ryu Hwa-Won The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.4
In this study, the cultural medium used for the efficient production of $\gamma$-PGA with a newly isolated Bacillus sp. RKY3 was optimized. It was necessary to supplement the culture medium with L-glutamic acid and an additional carbon source in order to induce the effective production of $\gamma$-PGA. The amount of $\gamma$-PGA increased with the addition of L-glutamic acid to the medium. The addition of 90 g/L L-glutamic acid to the medium resulted in the maximal yield of $\gamma$-PGA (83.2 g/L). The optimum nitrogen source was determined to be peptone, but corn steep liquor, a cheap nutrient, was also found to be effective for $\gamma$-PGA production. Both the $\gamma$-PGA production and cell growth increased rapidly with the addition of small amounts of $K_2HPO_4$ and $MgSO_4\cdot7H_{2}O$. Bacillus sp. RKY3 appears to require $Mg^{2+}$, rather than $Mn^{2+}$, for $\gamma$-PGA production, which is distinct from the production protocols associated with other, previously reported bacteria. Bacillus sp. RKY3 may also have contributed some minor $\gamma$-PGA depolymerase activity, resulting in the reduction of the molecular weight of the produced $\gamma$-PGA at the end of fermentation.
이윤진 ( Yun-jin Lee ),이은별 ( Eun-byeol Lee ),김현지 ( Hyeon-ji Kim ),양두화 ( Doo-hwa Yang ),김영준 ( Young-jun Kim ),안희덕 ( Hee-duk An ) 한방재활의학과학회 2021 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.31 No.2
Objectives We evaluated the improving effects of Taeksa-tang (TST) using 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice were fed on a high-fat diet. Methods The anti-radical activities of TST were studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The content of total polyphenol was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for the content of total flavonoid. Moreover, the factors related to lipid profile and the protein expressions such as β-oxidation and anti-oxidant enzyme were analyzed using serum and western blotting of 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, we examined lipolysis through glycerol appearance in mouse adipose tissue. Results TST treatment showed strong free radical scavenging activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration and the presence of a amount of total polyphenol and total flavonoid. TST treatment significantly increased factors related to β-oxidation such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and uncoupling protein 2 via the phosphorlyation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, the protein expressions of anti-oxidant enzyme and lipolysis were significantly elevated by TST administration. In addition, TST supplementation lowered serum ma-londialdehyde, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels compared with the control group. Taken together, these data suggest that TST treatment regulated lipid parameters via the increase of β-oxidation by LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Conclusions TST may have a potential remedy in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Therefore, this study may provide the scientific basis for TST use. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2021;31(2):1-14)
Ko, Duk-Dong,Kang, Hyun,Yang, So-Young,Shin, Hwa-Yong,Baek, Chong Wha,Jung, Yong Hun,Woo, Young-Cheol,Kim, Jin-Yun,Koo, Gill Hoi,Kim, Seong-Deok The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.2
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Optiscope™ is a newly developed video stylet device. This study evaluated and compared the hemodynamic changes observed after endotracheal intubation with video stylet and after conventional laryngoscopic endotracheal intubation.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Fifty-eight adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class 1 or 2, undergoing general anesthesia, were randomized into two groups: one group of patients were intubated using video stylet (n = 29) and the other group were intubated using direct laryngoscope (n = 29). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), POGO (percentage of glottic opening) score, time for intubation and degree of sore throat were recorded.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were no significant differences in the SBP, MAP, DBP, HR, and the sore throat incidence between the two groups. Optiscope™ produced better POGO scores, but time for intubation was longer than with conventional laryngoscope.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Optiscope™, when compared with conventional laryngoscope for intubation, does not modify the hemodynamic response, but it provides a better view of the vocal cords.</P>