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Nanostructured Iron Oxide Platform for Impedimetric Cholesterol Detection
Kaushik, Ajeet,Solanki, Pratima R.,Kaneto, Keiichi,Kim, C. G.,Ahmad, Sharif,Malhotra, Bansi D. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Electroanalysis Vol.22 No.10
<P>A nanostructured iron oxide (NanoFe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, particle size ca. 25 nm and roughness ca. 21 nm) film deposited onto a hydrolyzed indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate has been used to immobilize cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) to fabricate an impedimetric cholesterol sensor. Electrochemical studies reveal that surface charged Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles provide better conformation for ChOx loading resulting in enhanced electron transfer between ChOx and the electrode. Impedimetric response studies of the ChOx/NanoFe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/ITO bioelectrode exhibit improved linearity (2.5–400 mg/dL), low detection limit (0.25 mg/dL), fast response time (25 s), high sensitivity (86 Ω/mg dL<SUP>−1</SUP>/cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) and a low value of the Michaelis-Menten constant (K<SUB>m</SUB>, 0.8 mg/dL) with a regression coefficient of 0.997.</P>
Sunil D Santha,Surinder Jaswal,Devisha Sasidevan,Ajmal Khan,Kaushik Datta,Annu Kuruvilla 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2016 International Area Studies Review Vol.19 No.1
This paper examines the vulnerability context of migrant workers in the informal sector in three Indian cities (Kochi, Surat and Mumbai), specifically in terms of how their livelihoods interface with climate variability, related hazard events and social inequities. It examines the progression of population vulnerability from a political economy perspective. The underlying assumption is that migrant workers’ vulnerability to climate variability in cities is closely embedded within the wider political economy of their day-to-day livelihood struggles. A mixed methodology design was adopted to carry out the study. Data from 50 migrants in each of the three cities were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. The research demonstrates that urban vulnerability is a condition that shapes and reshapes itself continuously and fiercely, accompanied by the processes and structures of unplanned rapid urbanisation, environmental change and social exclusion. A significant feature of migrant workers’ vulnerability is its multi-dimensionality. This paper suggests that urban planners involved in environmental governance and risk reduction have to critically reflect on certain terminologies and practices in the field of climate change, while addressing these multi-dimensionalities.
Sagar N Kaushik,Jessica Scoffield,Adinarayana Andukuri,Grant C Alexander,Taneidra Walker,김석곤,최성철,Brigitta C Brott,Paul D Eleazer,이진용,Hui Wu,Noel K Childers,Ho-Wook Jun,박재홍,Kyounga Cheon 한국생체재료학회 2015 생체재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Background: A triple antibiotic mixture (ciprofloxacin; CF, metronidazole; MN, and minocycline; MC) has been used for dental root canal medicaments in pulp regeneration therapy. However, tooth discolorations, cervical root fractures, and inadequate pulp-dentin formation have been reported due to the triple antibiotic regimen. Therefore, an antibiotic encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed to minimize the clinical limitations and maximize a natural healing process in root canal infections. In this study, minimal bacterial concentrations (MBC) of the selected antibiotics (CF and MN) were tested in 14 representative endodontic bacterial species. Then MBC of each CF and MN were separately encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel to evaluate antibacterial level on Enterococcus faecalis and Treponema denticola. Results: Antibiotic concentrations lower than 0.2 μg/mL of CF and MN demonstrated antibacterial activity on the 14 endodontic species. Furthermore, 6 different concentrations of CF and MN separately encapsulated with the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial activity on Enterococcus faecalis and Treponema denticola at the lowest tested concentration of 0.0625 μg/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that each CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial effects, which could be effective for the root canal disinfection while eliminating MC. In the long term, the antibiotic encapsulated injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel can provide a multifunctional antibiotic delivery method with potential root regeneration. Further studies are currently underway to evaluate the effects of combined CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel on clinical samples.
Raj Kumar Kaushik,Uma Batra,J. D. Sharma 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.4
The Continuous miniaturization of electronics set stringent requirements of corrosion resistance as imposed by high-density packaging. The present work elucidates electrochemical corrosion behaviours of two conventional lead-free solder alloys, i.e., Low-Ag (Sn–1.0Ag–0.5Cu, SAC105) and High-Ag (Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu, SAC387) solder alloys. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Potentiodynamic polarization performed in naturally aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution for 1 h, 24 h, 168 h, 336 h, 504 h and 672 h suggest that SAC387 solder offers higher corrosion resistance than SAC105 solder. The SAC105 solder is sparsely cover with fine-fi brous corrosion product, while platelet-like and fi brous mass entirely covers SAC387 solder. Microstructural and elemental characterization of corrosion product revealed the presence of tin oxide, Cu and Ag containing products as several pit, cracks and pore-like structures.
Kim, J.D.,Kaushik, S.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3
A study is reported which investigated the additive nature of digestible energy (DE) from dietary nutrients and to estimate the relative energy values of different energy-yielding nutrients in practical trout diets. A growth study was conducted over 12 weeks with 6 diets. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets once a day ad libitum. Digestible energy values determined and calculated had direct relationship indicating additive nature of such values for feed ingredients. Overall growth performance was best in a diet containing 33% digestible protein (DP) with a DP/DE ratio of 18.6. A reduction in digestible protein level with the same DP/DE rat io led to a significant decrease in growth and feed efficiency. The increase of 7% of lipid with concomitant decrease in protein resulted in the relative gain of 130% in growth and nutrient retention, suggesting that 1 g of lipid is equal to about 1.3 g of proteins in terms of net energetic value. Replacement of 10% of dietary lipid by carbohydrates led to a slight decrease in energy retention efficiency but to a great increase in lipid retention efficiency (130%) showing that dietary carbohydrates led to increased lipogenesis.
Raj Kumar Kaushik,Uma Batra,J. D. Sharma 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.11
Low drop failure tendency and reduced cost of low silver SAC alloys has provoked researchers to exploit their potential forportable electronics. Low Bi addition in near-eutectic SAC alloys has proven confinement of IMC layer. In order to exploitpotential of Ag variation (0.5–1.5 wt%) on structural, thermal, wettability and IMCs layers growth during thermal aging inlow Bi-low Ag, Sn–xAg–0.7Cu–1.0Bi alloys were investigated. The resulting microstructure were characterized by scanningelectron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, structure–property correlationswere established. This study signifies that 1.5 wt% Ag is responsible for lower melting point (220.18 °C) and lower contactangle (33°) in low Bi-low Ag, Sn–xAg–0.7Cu–1.0Bi alloys. Moreover, increment in Ag content restricted the interfacial IMClayer growth during thermal aging making them reliable for use in portable electronics. The microstructural investigationsinferred that 0.5 wt% Ag solder joint with Cu substrate had the highest growth rate (0.34 μm/h1/2) of IMC layer thicknesswhile 1.5 wt% Ag solder joint had lowest growth rate (0.17 μm/h1/2).