Antimutagenic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ in the CHO-K1 Cells by Benzo[a]pyrene with Chromosomal Aberration Test and Comet Assay

Kim, Jong-Kyu,Kim, Soo-Jin,Rim, Kyung-Taek,Cho, Hae-Won,Kim, Hyeon-Yeong,Yang, Jeong-Sun The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2009 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.5 No.2

The usage and types of chemicals are advancing, specializing, large-scaled increasing, and new chemical exposed workers are concerning to occupational disease. The generation of reactive oxygen in the body from carcinogen, mutation and DNA damage in cancer is protected by natural antioxidants (phytochemicals) with antimutagenic effect. There were many reports of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ grievances of the genetic mutation to suppress the effect confirm the genetic toxicity test with chromosomal aberration test and the Comet (SCGE) assay confirmed the suppression effect occurring chromosomal DNA damage. We had wanted to evaluate the compatibility and sensitivity between the chromosomal aberration (CA) test and the Comet assay. We used the CA test and Comet assay to evaluate the anti-genotoxicity of ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$, in CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) cell in vitro, composed negative control (solvent), positive control (benzo[a]pyrene), test group (carcinogen+variety concentration of ginsenoside) group. The positive control was benzo[a]pyrene (50 $\mu$M), well-known carcinogen, and the negative control was the 1 % DMSO solvent. The test group was a variety concentration of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ with 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10%. In chromo-somal aberration test, we measured the number of cells with abnormally structured chromosome. In Comet assay, the Olive tail moment (OTM) and Tail length (TL) values were measured. The ratio of cell proliferation was increased 8.3% in 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10% Rb$_1$ treated groups, and increased 10.4% in 10$^{-10}$%, 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1% Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the CA test, the number of chromosomal aberration was decreased all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the Comet assay, the OTM values were decreased in all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. To evaluate the compatibility between CA and Comet assay, we compared the reducing ratio of chromosomal abnormalities with its OTM values, it was identified the antimutagenicity of ginsenoside, but it was more sensitive the CA test than the Comet assay. Ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ significantly decrease the number of cells with chromosomal aberration, and decrease the extent of DNA migration. Therefore, ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ are thought as an antioxidant phytochemicals to protect mutagenicity. The in vitro Comet assay seems to be less sensitive than the in vitro chromosomal aberration test.

企業의 經營成果 決定要因에 關한 理論的 硏究

趙熙榮,金鍾澤 동국대학교 경영관리연구소 1994 經營經濟論叢 Vol.18 No.-

This Study is designed to present a model that to approach the factor theoretically which gives an extante effect to the management performance of the enterprise. Since the management performance is generally discussing expost evaluation item or factor, it is used as a concept to measure comparative analysis and effect. But this result indicator has also effective action and it is natural that this effect brings out the result. The result indicator of management performance, undoubtedly, has a lot of problems to complement, examine closely and to research qualitive, subjective, infinancial indicator in the future. However, there are many parts of influence factors that has to be studied as factor to management performance. As the document has been researched up to now, many paper is usually presented that management environment, management strategy, management system are appeating on the stage as an management effect, These papers studies fragmentrily environment and managemant strategy and management performance. Management performance effect has simply not only a few factor but also complex factors that is to say a lot of factors, interaction and reaction etc. such as enviroment(include culture), strategy, system, abillity. This study include positive analysis that can contemplate, arrange and prove these things with per-published document as a central figure from this point of view. it is singificant to set up and evolve following hypothesis. First, Hypothesis about relation management performance and enterprise environment Second, hypothesis about relation management performance and enterprise strategy. Third, hypothesis about relation management performance and enterprise ability. Forth, hypothesis about relation management performance and enterprise strategy, enterprise ability, mutual relation. Fifth, hypothesis about relation management performance and enterprise environment, enterprise steategy, mutual relation.

천연항균성 물질을 이용한 Vibrio vulnificus의 살균 및 독소생성 억제효과

조성환,서일원,최종덕,전상수,라택균,정수근,강동훈 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1993 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.4 No.-

생선회용 해산물에 오염되어, 생식한 경우 발생되는 패혈병의 원인균주인 Vibrio vulnificus의 생육 및 독성생성을 억제할 목적으로 천연 항균제인 Grapefruit종자추출물(GPSE)을 이용하여 그 항균효과를 검토하였다. In vitro 시험결과, Vibrio vulnificus에 대한 GFSE의 생육최소저해농도는 50~100 ppm 정도이었으며, Vibrio vulnificus 균체세포틀 100 ppm 농도의 GFSE 용액으로 처리하고 전자현미경 촬영시료로 조제하여 촬영한 후, 미생물형태을 무처리대조구와 비교, 검토한 결과, GFSE 처리로 세포막 기능이 파괴되어 세포내용물이 균체외부로 유출되어 균체의 생육이 억제되고 균체내부가 빈 ghost 형태의 균체수가 증대되어 GFSE의 항균효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 생선회용 해산물에 GFSE를 근육주사하고 Vibrio vulnificus를 접종한 수조내에서 사육하여 채취한 어육부를 마쇄하여 일정량씩을 표준사료에 첨가해서 통닭용 병아리를 실험동물로 하여 사양실험을 실시한 결과. 체중증가율, 단백질이용효율, 혈청내 효소활성, 혈청의 주요성분함량 등에 있어서, GFSE 처리수조내에서 사육한 해산물을 첨가한 시료시험구의 경우, 무첨가사료처리구와 비교할 때 뚜렷한 차이를 목격할 수 없었으며, GFSE 첨가에 따른 실험동물의 성장저해 또는 독성현상을 유발하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러, 각 처리구에서 사양한 해산물의 어육부에 오염된 Vibrio vulnificus의 균수를 측정한 결과, 250ppm 이상의 GFSE 처리구에서는 Vibrio vulnificus를 전혀 검출할 수 없었다. To prevent food-poisoning outbreaks by Vibrio vulnificus the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) was examined. Minimal inhibitory concentration (in vitro) for the microorganism was found to be 50~100 ppm. Transmission electron micrographs of Vibrio vulnificus showed the biocidal action of this natural antimicrobial agent would be related to specific respiratory effect coupled with the destruction of permeable function of microbial cell membrane. After Anguilla japonia GFSE-injected to the body was incubated in the seawater contaminated by Vibrio vulnficus the fish meats were taken up, mixed with control diet and used as a diet in the feeding experiment. In this experiment the effect of GFSE treated with fish muscle on body weight protein efficiency ratio, serum enzymes and serum blood component of broiler chicks was investigated. It is proved from this study that there is neither Vibriosis nor toxicity associated with GFSE itself and fish meats treated with it when it is injected to the fish body at a level of 250 ppm or less.

CFRP복합재료의 적층수와 드릴직경에 따른 가공 특성

정성택,박종남,조규재 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

CFRP composite has a lot of merits such as mechanical characteristic, light weight, and thermal resistance. For these merits CFRP is applied to so many industrial area. In this paper, the relationship between the stack thickness and drill diameter is examined from the drilling experiment, which is the drilling of 16, 32, 48plies specimen with the φ8, φ10, φ12mm cemented carbide drill. The results are analyzed with consideration of cutting force, stack thickness and drill diameter.

적층구성이 다른 복합재의 드릴 가공에 관한 연구

정성택,박종남,조규재,심재기 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In recent days the more use of CFRP composite is in the airplane, automobile, and sport goods , etc., the more necessity of research on it in this engineering. In this research, the CFRP composite specimen are fabricated by 48 CFRP plies with 6 stacking sequences, and the specimens are drilled with 4 tools. The results are analyzed with consideration of cutting force, type of tools and fabrication condition. The specimens with each drilling conditions are also investigated with SEM. The optimal drilling conditions such as drill types and cutting force with respect to the fabricating condition are studied.

CFRP복합재료의 적층수와 드릴직경에 관한 연구

정성택,박종남,조규재 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.6

CFRP composite has a lot of merits such as mechanical characteristic, light weight, and thermal resistance. For these merits CFRP is applied to so many industrial area. In order for the composite materials to be used in the air& structures or machine elements, accurate surfaces for bearing mounting or joints must be provided, which require precise machining. In this paper, the relationship between the stack thickness and drill diameter is examined from the drilling experiment, which is the drilling of 16, 32, 48plies specimen with the φ8, φ10, φ12mm cemented carbide drill. The results are analyzed with consideration of cutting force, stack thickness and drill diameter.

CFRP복합재료의 적층각에 따른 가공 특성

정성택,박종남,김선진,조규재 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In recent days the more use of CFRP composite is in the airplane, automobile, and sport goods, etc., the more necessity of research on it in this engineering. In this research, the CFRP composite specimen are fabricated by 48 CFRP plies with 8 orientation angles, and the specimens are drilled with 3 tools. The results are analyzed with consideration of cutting force, type of tools and fabrication condition. The specimens with each drilling conditions are also investigated with SEM. The optimal drilling conditions such as drill types and cutting force with respect to the fabricating condition are studied.

북한 이탈주민의 외상후 스트레스장애에 대한 3년 추적연구

홍창형,유정자,조영아,엄진섭,구현지,서승원,안은미,민성길,전우택 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objective : This study is a follow-up of a first survey of 200 North Korean defectors who entered South Korea in 2001. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the current prevalence of partial PTSD and full PTSD after 3 years and to evaluate related factors. Methods : This study followed up on 151 of the 200 North Korean defectors from our first survey. 20 interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews and assisted defectors in completing a self-report assessment. The traumatic events which participants with chronic PTSD and delayed onset PTSD experienced were then examined. Results : Over the 3 years, the current prevalence rate of partial PTSD was reduced from 31.8% to 5.3%, and the current prevalence rate of full PTSD was reduced from 27.2% to 4.0%. Of particular interest was that 88.8% of those diagnosed with full or partial PTSD in the first survey had recovered after 3 years. Conclusion : The current prevalence rate of partial and full PTSD rapidly decreased during 3 years.

완전 고환성 여성화 증후군 1례

이원주,김택훈,권경익,김종인,조남규,박세출 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.2

저자들은 외형상 여성으로써 원발성 무월경과 양측 외음부 종양 촉지를 주소로 입원한 complete testicular feminization syncrome 1례를 경험하였기에 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다 The 46, XY individual with complete testicular feminization syndrome is a phenotypic female who is usually somewhat tall, has excellent breast development and presents to the gynecologist because of primary amenorrhea and an inguinal mass. In complete testicular feminization syndrome, axillary and pubic hair are sparse or absent and some degree of virilization such as clitorial hypertrophy, partial labioscrotal fusion and hirsutism doesn't occur at puberty. We report a case of complete testicular feminization syndrome with the brief review of literatures.

강우시 채수빈도가 논 오염부하량 산정에 미치는 영향

한국헌,김진호,이종식,이정택,조재영,윤광식 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

한정된 수질자료를 이용 오염부하 산정시 집중적으로 많은 샘플을 채취한 경우에 비해 어느 정도 차이를 갖는지를 규명하는 것은 모니터링에 따른 오염부하량 산정결과의 신뢰 범위 파악뿐만 아니라 경제적인 수질 샘플 채수빈도 수립에 곡 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 논에서의 강우-유출시 채수 빈도가 오염부하 산정에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 9개의 강우사상에 대해 2시간 간격으로 연속 수질샘플을 실시하여 분석한 결과 전체적으로 강우-유출과정 중 T-N, T-P, SS 농도는 시간별로 증·감변동을 하였으나 유량과의 상관성은 나타나지 않았다. 수질샘플 횟수에 의한 영향은 강우-유출과정 중 5회 정도 샘플을 실시하면 많은 수의 샘플을 채수한 경우에 비해 T-N ±15.2%, T-P는 -20.0~26.2%, SS는 -28.6~35.7% 범위안에서 오염부하를 추정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 차이범위가 ±10% 내에 들어가기 위한 샘플수는 일주기 조사시 T-N, T-P의 경우는 6회, SS의 경우는 단기유출시는 4회 정도 실시하면 되고, 장기 유출시에는 11회 정도 실시하면 되는 것으로 조사되었다. 유량-유하부하량 관계식으로 ±10%내의 차이를 보일 샘플횟수는 T-N의 경우는 6회 이상, T-P와 SS는 9회 이상 정도 실시하면 되는 것으로 조사되었다. In order to examine effects of sampling frequency during rainfall-runoff process from paddy field on the estimation of pollution load, EMCs of several water sampling frequencies were examined. Water quality samples were conducted by every two hours interval for each event. It was found that difference of load estimation between five times sampling and two hours consecutive sampling during rainfall-runoff showed 15.2~-15.2% for T-N, 20.0~-26.2% for T-P, 28.6~-35.7% for the SS, respectively. In the same way, the effects of number of sampling data on estimation of pollution load using runoff-mass load(L-Q) method were investigated. L-Q equation made of five times sampling data provided 10% differences in estimation of mass loads of T-N, T-P, and SS when compared to those by L-Q equation using entire two hours consecutive sampling data during runoff process.