고혈압 복합제 복용환자에서 동일계열약물 중복 현황

구현지,이지원,최하은,제남경,정경혜 한국임상약학회 2022 한국임상약학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Background: Fixed-dose combinations have the advantage of improving patient compliance, but may increase the risk of duplicateprescriptions. As the use of fixed-dose combination antihypertensives increases, it is necessary to investigate the current status ofclass duplication prescriptions (CDP) in patients taking fixed-dose combination antihypertensives in Korea and to identify factorsassociated with CDP. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using nationally representative claim data. Hypertensive patients aged 20 years or older taking fixed-dose combination antihypertensives were extracted. Among these patients,patients with CDP were identified. A chi-square test was applied to determine the differences between patients with CDP and non-CDP. The associated factors of CDP were identified through multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 74,165 patients who wereprescribed fixed-dose combination antihypertensives, 426 patients (0.6%) with CDP were identified. The most commonantihypertensive class associated with CDP was calcium channel blockers (194 patients, 45.5%), followed by angiotensin II receptorblockers (136 patients, 31.9%). Patients aged 75 years or older (odds ratio [OR] 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-3.52),chronic kidney disease (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.15-8.25), chronic heart failure (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.93-3.72), coronary artery disease(OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.60-3.03) and Medical Aid/Patriots and Veterans Insurance (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.07) were significantlyassociated with increased CDP. Conclusions: The factors associated with CDP were the elderly, comorbidities, and lowsocioeconomic status. Since CDP can result in negative clinical outcomes, active intervention by the pharmacist is warranted.

한국 의약품부작용보고원시자료를 활용한 알파차단제의 이상사례 실마리정보 비교 분석

구현지,권준영,최재혁,유승훈,박세원,정경혜,정선영 한국임상약학회 2023 한국임상약학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Background: Using KIDS-KAERS database (KIDS-KD) from 2016 to 2020, the aim is to investigate signals of adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and to present adverse events that are not included in the precautions for use when marketing approval. Methods: This study was conducted by disproportionality analysis. Data mining analysis was performed to detect signals of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, and tamsulosin. The signal was defined by three criteria as proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). Detected signals were compared with product labeling and the European Medicines Agency-Important Medical Events list. Results: Out of the total number of 408,077 reports for adverse events, 6,750 cases were reported as adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Dizziness, mouth dryness, hypotension postural, and oedema peripheral are identified as common adverse events of five alphaadrenoceptor antagonists and are typically listed on drug labels. However, new signals were detected for pneumonia, chronic obstructive airway disease, eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts, fracture, and ileus of tamsulosin that were not previously listed on the drug labels in Korea. Conclusions: This study identified signals related to adverse drug reactions of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and presented serious adverse events, suggesting new adverse reactions to be aware of when using alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.

문제해결기술 훈련의 비행 감소 효과-경미한 비행 청소년을 대상으로-

구현지,오경자,문경주 한국임상심리학회 2007 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.26 No.2

This study attempted to decrease delinquency of the light delinquent adolescent in middle school by performing the Problem Solving Skills Training Program(PSSTP). It was evaluated the effectiveness of problem solving skills training by measuring the degree of improving problem solving skills and decreasing delinquency with comparing the PSSTP to the Human Relations Training Program(HRTP). The data used in the final analysis were total 58 middle school students in Seoul(31 PSSTP, 27 HRTP). Programs were conducted five sessions for 5 days consecutively and one session was 120 minutes. The results were as follows: the PSSTP group showed more significant increase in the number of solutions and more significant improvement in the appropriateness of the problem solving methods than the HRTP group. One month later, in self-report delinquency the PSSTP group showed more significant delinquency decrease than the HRTP group, and boys' group showed more significant delinquency decrease than girls'. In the dysfunctional behaviors' frequency of the Teacher's Child Rating Scale(T-CRS), only the interaction-effect between groups and sex was significant. In the PSSTP groups girls showed more decreases of dysfunctional behaviors in T-CRS than boys, in the HRTP groups boys showed more decreases of dysfunctional behaviors in T-CRS than girls. In the dysfunctional behaviors' score of the T-CRS girls showed more decreases than boys. The effectiveness of the program for decreasing delinquency and the relation between the improvement of the problem solving ability and the decreasing of delinquency were discussed. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for forward study were described.

비선형 벡터 회로망분석기를 이용한 파형 측정과 불확도 평가

구현지,조치현,강태원,김대찬,권재용 한국전자파학회 2021 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.32 No.5

본 논문은 비선형 벡터 회로망분석기(nonlinear vector network analyzer, NVNA)에 기반한 비선형 회로의 출력 파형 측정과 불확도 평가법에 대하여 나타내었다. NVNA는 임피던스, 위상, 전력 교정을 위해 각각 동축 임피던스 교정 키트, 위상교정용 콤(comb) 발생기, 전력 감지기를 교정 기준물로 사용하였다. 또한, 칩 종단면에서 측정 파형을 얻기 위하여 동일PCB 상에 multiline through-reflect-line (mTRL) 교정 기준물을 제작하였고, 2단계 (2-tier) 교정 기준물로 활용하였다. 대응되는 측정표준에 대하여 이 교정 기준물들을 교정하고 불확도를 평가하여 각 성분들을 출력 파형의 불확도로 전파하였고, 성분별 불확도 기여도를 비교하였다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 동축 임피던스 교정 키트와 위상 교정용 콤 발생기의 불확도는주파수 상관관계를 포함하는 전(全) 공분산 형태로 평가하여, 시간 영역 파형 측정 불확도를 정밀하게 얻을 수 있었다.

지역약국 약사의 처방중재 활동 평가

구현지,성종미,정선영,정경혜 한국임상약학회 2024 한국임상약학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Background: Drug-related problems have the potential to threaten patient health, and pharmacists are in a position to prevent such problems through prescription reviews and patient counseling, actively engaging in pharmaceutical care activities. This study aims to categorize and analyze the intervention activities of pharmacists in community pharmacies concerning drug-related problems, following international criteria. Methods: Over a six-month period, prescription interventions completed in a community pharmacy in Seoul were selected as the research subjects. The causes of interventions were classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) drug-related problems (DRPs) classification system and the types and frequencies of DRPs were identified. Results: Among a total of 49,334 prescriptions, 527 interventions were completed, constituting approximately 1.07% of the daily average filled prescriptions. Individuals over 60 years of age represented more than 50%. The primary cause of DRPs was prescribing and drug selection issues, comprising 256 cases (48.58%), with specific subcategories including 109 cases of drug selection, 79 cases of treatment duration errors, 47 cases of dose selection, and 21 cases of inappropriate dosage form selection. Patient-related issues accounted for 204 cases (38.71%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the pharmacists’ intervention in community pharmacies contributes to the safe use of medication by patients.

110 GHz까지 CMOS 트렌지스터 평가를 위한 mTRL 교정 표준기 설계 및 특성 임피던스 추출법

구현지,홍영표,이승경,홍성철,김완식,김소수 한국전자파학회 2019 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.30 No.12

In this study, we propose a method for improving the accuracy of the characteristic impedance extraction method of line standards when using multiline thru-reflect-line(mTRL) calibration on chips based on the propagation constant method. This method uses a substrate with corrected dielectric properties to obtain a result that is close to the value of the measured propagation constant, which is obtained by mTRL calibration without using basic substrate information when determining the capacitance per unit length using electromagnetic simulation. We observed a slight improvement in the accuracy of the proposed method. This improvement was verified by comparing the results with a commercial off-chip impedance standard in a low-frequency band. In addition, we compared the method of obtaining the characteristic impedance only with the electromagnetic simulation results and demonstrated the accuracy limit of the low-frequency band using this method. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics of transistors were determined using a fabricated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor.

Uncertainty of S-Parameter Measurements on PCBs due to Imperfections in the TRL Line Standard

구현지,Martin Salter,강노원,Nick Ridler,홍영표 한국전자파학회 2021 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.21 No.5

This paper evaluates the uncertainty of S-parameter measurements on multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) due to the uncertainties of the dimensions and dielectric properties of the line standard in the Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration. This evaluation is performed in two ways: one is based on repeated TRL calibrations with a randomly perturbed line standard, and the other is based on equations given by Stumper. The two methods require the uncertainties of the S-parameters of the TRL line standard, which are obtained from the uncertainties of the dimensions and dielectric properties using three-dimensional electromagnetic Monte Carlo simulation. The two methods agree well with each other. This study also shows how to apply impedance renormalization in Stumper’s equations. We design the TRL standards and the devices under test (DUTs) in PCB stripline and precisely measure the cross-sectional dimensions of the fabricated striplines. Uncertainty analysis based on the measured values enables us to investigate the impact of realistic deviations in the dimensions of the TRL line standard on the S-parameter measurement uncertainty of the DUTs. Finally, as an example, we evaluated the uncertainty in the measured S-parameters of a Beatty line on the fabricated PCB.

코로나 백신에 정부 정책 발표에 대한 여론 형성에 관한 Causal Impact 분석

구현지(Gu Hyeonji),박채연(Park Chaeyeon),최지우(Choi Jiwoo),노성진(Noh Seongjin) 한국정보기술학회 2021 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2021 No.11

본 연구에서는 정부의 코로나 백신 정책이 사람들의 여론에 영향을 얼마나 미쳤는지 알기 위해, 빅카인즈의 뉴스와 유튜브의 댓글 데이터를 수집하여 분석하였다. 먼저 여론의 동향을 알아보기 위해서 Word Cloud 분석을 수행하였고, Causal Impact 분석을 통해 정부 정책이 여론에 얼마나 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 정부의 정책이 뉴스를 통해 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. In this study, to find out how much the government"s COVID-19 vaccine policy affected people"s public opinion, BigKinds"s news and YouTube"s comment data were collected and analyzed. First, Word Cloud analysis was performed to find out the trend of public opinion, and how much influence the government policy has on public opinion was analyzed through causal impact analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the government"s policy had a significant through the news statistically.

웨이퍼상의 D-대역 회로의 전자파 성능 측정

구현지(Hyunji Koo),김일권(Ilgwon Kim),권재용(Jae-Yong Kwon),강태원(Tae-Weon Kang),조치현(Chihyun Cho),김완식(Wansik Kim),홍성철(Songcheol Hong) 한국전자파학회 2023 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.34 No.1

110 ㎓까지 CMOS 트렌지스터 평가를 위한 mTRL 교정 표준기 설계 및 특성 임피던스 추출법

구현지(Hyunji Koo),홍영표(Young-Pyo Hong),이승경(Seunggyung Lee),홍성철(Songcheol Hong),김완식(Wansik Kim),김소수(Sosu Kim) 한국전자파학회 2019 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.30 No.12

본 논문에서는 칩 상에서 multi-line THRU-REFLECT-LINE(mTRL) 교정을 이용 시, 전파상수법을 기초로 한 LINE 표준기의 특성 임피던스 획득 방식의 정확성을 높이기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방식은 전파상수 법에서 필요한 단위길이 당 캐패시턴스를 전자기 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 구할 때, 기본 기판 정보를 이용하지 않고 mTRL 교정으로 얻은 전파상수 측정값과 근접한 결과를 얻도록 유전 정보를 보정한 기판을 이용함으로써, 정확도를 향상시켰다. 상용 off-chip 임피던스 표준기를 이용한 결과와 저주파수 대역에서 비교하여 개선되었음을 검증하였다. 또한, 밀리미터파 대역에서 이용되었던 시뮬레이션 결과만으로 특성 임피던스를 얻는 방식을 함께 비교하였고, 전파상수의 측정값을 이용하는 전파상수법이 칩 상의 특성 임피던스를 구하는 데 적합함을 보였다. 최종적으로 CMOS 28 ㎚ 공정을 이용해서 제작한 트렌지스터의 고유특성을 110 ㎓까지 추출하였고, 사용한 특성 임피던스에 따른 결과 값을 비교하였다. In this study, we propose a method for improving the accuracy of the characteristic impedance extraction method of line standards when using multiline thru-reflect-line(mTRL) calibration on chips based on the propagation constant method. This method uses a substrate with corrected dielectric properties to obtain a result that is close to the value of the measured propagation constant, which is obtained by mTRL calibration without using basic substrate information when determining the capacitance per unit length using electromagnetic simulation. We observed a slight improvement in the accuracy of the proposed method. This improvement was verified by comparing the results with a commercial off-chip impedance standard in a low-frequency band. In addition, we compared the method of obtaining the characteristic impedance only with the electromagnetic simulation results and demonstrated the accuracy limit of the low-frequency band using this method. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics of transistors were determined using a fabricated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor.