진동공구 사용에 의한 Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome 1례

김수근,정해관,황정수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

수완진동증후군은 진동공구를 사용하는 작업자에게 발생한다. 이 질병은 레이노 현상이 직업성 원인으로 오는 경우로 1950년대에는 진동증후군 또는 vibration induced white finger(VWF)로 알려졌고, 1983년 영국 런던국제회의에서 국소진동에 의한 건강장해에 대항 병명을 통일하여 "수완진동증후군(hand-arm vibration syndrome)"이라고 정하였다. 이것은 한랭노출시 수지색깔이 희게 변하고 손과 팔에 통증이 나타나며, 골관절염이 발생하게 된다.자동차 정비 작업장에서 11년간 임팩터 등 진동공구를 사용한 근로자가 한랭노출시 수지 색깔 변화와 저린감 등을 호소하여 이에 대한 의학적 면담과 객관적 소견을 얻기 위한 한랭유발반응검사, 진동감각역치 검사와 상지혈관조영술 및 감별진단을 위한 항핵항체와 한랭면역글로블린 검사를 실시하여 수완진동증후군으로 진단하였다. A hand-arm vibration syndrome occurs in some workers who use hand held vibration tools. It is known by Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin in 1950s as 'the vibration syndrome' or vibration induced white finger' has, in the 1980s, been renamed 'the hand arm vibration syndrome'. It consist of white fingers, pain in the hand and arm, and a small excess risk of osteoarthritis. We report a case of hand arm vibration syndrome in worker exposed to hand arm vibration diagnosed objectively by skin emperature, vibration sens changes and upper extremity angiogrphy.

머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

Synthesis of the Water Dispersible L-Valine Capped ZnS:Mn Nanocrystal and the Crystal Structure of the Precursor Complex: [Zn(Val)2(H2O)]

Hwang, Cheong-Soo,Lee, Na-Rae,Kim, Young-Ah,Park, Youn-Bong Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.11

The L-Valinate anion coordinating zinc complex, [$Zn(val)_2(H-2O)$], was isolated and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal possess orthorhombic symmetry with a space group $P2_12_12_1$, Z = 4, and a = 7.4279(2)$\AA$, b = 9.4342(2)$\AA$, c =20.5862(7)$\AA$ respectively. The compound features a penta-coordinate zinc ion in which the two valine anion molecules are directly coordinating the central zinc metal ion via their N (amine) and O (carboxylate) atoms, and an additional coordination to zinc is made by water molecule (solvent) to form a distorted square pyramidal structure. In addition, further synthesis of the valine capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystal from the reaction of [$Zn(val)_2(H-2O)$] precursor with $Na_2S$ and 1.95 weight % of $Mn^{2+}$ dopant is described. Obtained valine capped nanocrystal was water dispersible and was optically characterized by UV-vis and solution PL spectroscopy. The solution PL spectrum for the valine capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystal showed an excitation peak at 280 nm and a very narrow emission peak at 558 nm respectively. The measured and calculated PL efficiency of the nanocrystal in water was 15.8%. The obtained powders were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, and EDXS analyses. The particle size of the nanocrystal was also measured via a TEM image. The measured average particle size was 3.3 nm.

Novel application of the chitosan-capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals for the detection of copper (II) ions in aqueous solution

Hwang Cheong-Soo,Kim Jungwon,Shin Ueon Sang 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.12

Orange-light-emitting ZnS:Mn nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by capping their surface with chitosan (Chit) molecules in water. The characterization works for the freshly prepared colloidal NCs were performed using various spectroscopic methods. The optical properties of the NCs were thoroughly investigated using UV–Visible absorption and solution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The solution PL spectrum for the ZnS:Mn-Chit NCs showed a broad emission peak around at 597 nm. The HR-TEM image showed that the average particle size of the isolated solid NCs was 7.5 nm, which were also accorded to Debye–Scherrer calculations using the data obtained by XRD analysis. The surface charge of the ZnS:Mn-Chit NCs was measured as − 33.4 mV, and they formed fairly huge aggregates with the average particle size of 385 nm in water. In this study, the negatively charged ZnS:Mn-Chit NCs were applied as photosensors in the detection of specific divalent transition metal cations. Consequently, the NCs showed exclusive fluorescence quenching effects upon the addition of Cu (II) metal ions, which suggested that the ZnS:Mn-Chit NCs can be an efficient photosensor in the detection of copper ions which are very important in a biological system. In addition, the ZnS:Mn-Chit NCs have never been applied as a metal ion sensor in water.

Synthesis and Characterization of (THF)₃ Li(NC)CU(C₆H₃-2,6-Mes₂)and Br(THF)₂ Mg(C₆H₃-2,6-Trip₂) (Mes = C₆H₂-2,4,6-Me₃; Trip = C<sub>6

Hwang, Cheong-Soo,Power, Philip P. Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.5

The lower-order lithium organocyanocuprate compound, (THF)₃Li(NC)Cu($C_6$H₃-2,6-Mes₂) (1), and the bulky terphenyl Grignard reagent, Br(THF)₂Mg($C_6$H₃-2,6-Trip₂) (2), have been synthesized and structurally characterized both in the solid state by single crystal x-ray crystallography and in solution by multi-nuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy. The compound (1) was isolated as a monomeric contact ion-pair in which the C (organic ipso)-Cu-CN-Li atoms are coordinated linearly. The lithium has a tetrahedral geometry as a result of solvation by three THF molecules. The compound (1) is the first example of fully characterized monomeric lower order lithium organocyanocuprate. The bulky Grignard reagent (2) was also isolated as a monomer in which the magnesium, solvated by two THF molecules, has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The crystals of (1) possess triclinic symmetry with the space group $P{\={1}}$, Z = 2, with a = 12.456(3) Å, b = 12.508(3) Å, c = 13.904(3) Å, α = 99.81°, β = 103.72(3)°, and γ = 119.44(3)°. The crystals (2) have a monoclinic symmetry of space group $P2_{1/C}$, Z = 4, with a = 13.071(3) Å, b = 14.967(3) Å, c = 22.070(4) Å, and β = 98.95(3)°.

Characterization of the ZnSe/ZnS Core Shell Quantum Dots Synthesized at Various Temperature Conditions and the Water Soluble ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dot

Hwang, Cheong-Soo,Cho, Ill-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.11

ZnSe/ZnS, UV-blue luminescent core shell quantum dots, were synthesized via a thermal decomposition reaction of organometallic zinc and solvent coordinated Selenium (TOPSe) in a hot solvent mixture. The synthetic conditions of the core (ZnSe) and the shell (ZnS) were independently studied at various reaction temperature conditions. The obtained colloidal nanocrystals at corresponding temperatures were characterized for their optical properties by UV-vis, room temperature solution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and further obtained powders were characterized by XRD, TEM, and EDXS analyses. The synthetic temperature condition to obtain the best PL emission intensity for the ZnSe core was 300 ${^{\circ}C}$, and for the optimum shell capping, the temperature was 135 ${^{\circ}C}$. At this temperature, solution PL spectrum showed a narrow emission peak at 427 nm with a PL efficiency of 15%. In addition, the measured particle sizes for the ZnSe/ZnS nanocomposite via TEM were in the range of 5 to 12 nm. Furthermore, we have synthesized water-soluble ZnSe/ZnS nanoparticles by capping the ZnSe/ZnS hydrophobic surface with mercaptoacetate (MAA) molecules. For the obtained aqueous colloidal solution, the UV-vis spectrum showed an absorption peak at 250 nm, and the solution PL emission spectrum showed a peak at 425 nm, which is similar to that for hydrophobic quantum dot ZnSe/ZnS. However, the calculated PL efficiency was relatively low (0.1%) due to the luminescence quenching by water and MAA molecules. The capping ligand was also characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, with the carbonyl stretching peak in the mercaptoacetate molecule appearing at 1575 $cm ^{-1}$. Finally, the particle sizes of the MAA capped ZnSe/ZnS were measured by TEM, showing a range of 12 to 17 nm.

Poster Session 2 : Oral Presentation ; Proteomics : Function study of storage protein oilgosaccharides by site-directed mutagenesis

( Soo Kyung Hwang ),( Han Ho Choi ),( Mi Young Cheong ),( Bong Yun Oh ),( Eun Mi Ho ),( Zee Won Lee ),( Soo Hyun Kim ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2005 62회 KSBMB Annual Meeting in 2005 Vol.- No.-

Poster Session 2 : Function study of storage protein oilgosaccharides by site-directed mutagenesis

( Soo Kyung Hwang ),( Han Ho Choi ),( Mi Young Cheong ),( Bong Yun Oh ),( Eun Mi Ho ),( Zee Won Lee ),( Soo Hyun Kim ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2005 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Developmental Relationship of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase mRNA Level in Hanwoo Steers' Muscle

Lee, Seung-Hwan,Yoon, Du-Hak,Choi, Nag-Jin,Hwang, Soo-Han,Cheong, Eun-Young,Oh, Sung-Jong,Cheong, Il-Cheong,Lee, Chang-Soo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental relationship between fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in steer muscles during growth. Twenty Hanwoo steers were used at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months of age. Fatty acid composition and SCD mRNA level were analyzed. In the total lipid fraction, developmental profiles of C18:1, as the product of SCD enzyme, and SCD mRNA level were significantly increased between 6 months and 12 months of age. During this period, the percentage of C18:1 increased from 31.9% to 49.5% in the total lipid. The increased C18:1 level was maintained until 30 months of age within the range of 44.8- 49.9%. In contrast, the C18:0 composition decreased with age and this decrease was compensated by the increase of the C18:1. However, the sum of C18:0 and C18:1 was changed before and after 12-month old by a 20% increase. Unlike the C18 fatty acids, the C16 fatty acids such as C16:0 and C16:1 did not show a consistent change with age in steers' muscle. On the other hand, C18:2 proportion as a major polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle was significantly reduced from 21.1% at 6 months of age to 4.4% at 12-months old and then this reduced level was maintained until 30 months within the range of 7.4-11.4%. As in the C18:1 composition during early stages, a 2-fold significant increase was observed in the $\Delta^9$-desaturase index of C18 fatty acid as a measure of SCD activity, but not in that of C16 fatty acid. Also, the steady-state level of SCD mRNA reached a peak at 12 months of age. Thus, the positive relationship between the C18:1 composition and the $\Delta^9$-desaturase (SCD enzyme) index of C18 fatty acid or SCD mRNA level was demonstrated during growth, but the negative relationship between the C18:2 composition and the above three indices was demonstrated at the same time, indicating that the sharp induction of SCD mRNA may be closely related to the dramatic reduction of C18:2, which is known as a suppressor of SCD gene expression during growth.

Single-step sulfo-selenization method for achieving low open circuit voltage deficit with band gap front-graded Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ thin films

Hwang, Dae-Kue,Ko, Byoung-Soo,Jeon, Dong-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Sung, Shi-Joon,Yang, Kee-Jeong,Nam, Dahyun,Cho, Soyeon,Cheong, Hyeonsik,Kim, Dae-Hwan Elsevier 2017 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.161 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigate the electrical, structural, and optical properties of band gap front-graded Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSSe) thin films grown by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process from copper-poor and zinc-rich precursor metallic stacks prepared by co-evaporation. To investigate how the bandgap was graded in connection with the compositional distribution, we calculated the bandgap energy distribution along the film thickness, based on the transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy composition profile. The band gap of the CZTSSe phase with high S content near the surface layer is determined to be 1.161eV. From the surface to the bottom, there is a decrease in the S content of the CZTSSe phase, and the band gap subsequently decreases to, 1.029eV, close to the value of CZTSe. From the results of dimpling-Raman and scanning transmission electron microscopy line scanning, we confirm that the S content drastically increases from the bottom to the top surface of the CZTSSe thin film. The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.33%, with an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>) of 0.505 V, short-circuit current density (<I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB>) of 31.61mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, fill factor (FF) of 64.6%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 525mV. Compared with the performance of the CZTSe solar cell, which had PCE of 7.23%, <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> of 0.424 V, <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> of 32.83mAcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, FF of 51.9%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 576mV, the <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of the CZTSSe cell improved considerably. The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>, low <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit, and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the effect of band gap front-grading induced by S grading into the CZTSSe thin film.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the properties of band gap front-graded CZTSSe thin films. </LI> <LI> The precursors are annealed by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process. </LI> <LI> The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits power conversion efficiency of 10.33%. </LI> <LI> The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the band gap front-grading. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>