Effects of solvent on the formation of the MUA monolayer on Si and its diffusion barrier properties for Cu metallization

Rahman, M. A.,Han, J. S.,Jeong, K.,Nam, H. s.,Lee, J. SPRINGER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS MEDIA 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

We investigated the effects of solvents, such as ethanol and isooctane, on self-assembly of the mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) monolayer on Si and its diffusion barrier properties for Cu metallization. The use of isooctane as a solvent produced MUA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (similar to 1.3 nm thick) on Si. These acted as an effective diffusion barrier against Cu diffusion up to 200A degrees C. In contrast, the MUA SAMs produced by ethanol allowed the diffusion of Cu to a MUA-Si interface at 200A degrees C, stimulating the out-diffusion of Si into Cu and thus resulting in the degraded diffusion barrier properties. This was possibly due to the partial formation of interplane hydrogen bonding between the terminal groups of the bound acid and free thiol groups. This provided less dense thiol surface groups, thus leading to poor adhesion of Cu to MUA SAMs. The fabricated Cu/isooctane-assisted MUA source/drain electrode a-Si:H thin film transistors with a channel length of 10 A mu m exhibited an excellent electron mobility of 0.74 cm(2)/V-s, threshold voltage of -0.51 V, I (on) /I (off) ratio of 3.25 x 10(6), specific contact resistance of 4.24 Omega-cm(2) after annealing at 200A degrees C.

Fragmentation Behavior Studies of Chalcones Employing Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)

( A. F. M. Motiur Rahman ),( Mohamed W. Attwa ),( Pervez Ahmad ),( Mohammad Baseeruddin ),( Adnan A. Kadi ) 한국질량분석학회 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Chalcones are naturally occurring, biologically active molecules generating interest from a wide range of research applications including synthetic methodology development, biological activity investigation and studying fragmentation patterns. In this article, a series of chalcones has been synthesized and their fragmentation behavior was studied using modern ambient ionization technique Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART). DART ion source connected with an ion trap mass spectrometer was used for the fragmentation of various substituted chalcones. The chalcones were introduced to the DART source using a glass capillary without sample preparation step. All the chalcones showed prominent molecular ion peaks [M].+ corresponding to the structures. Multistage mass spectral data MSn (MS2 and MS3) were collected for all the chalcones studied. The chalcones with substitutions at 3, 4 or 5 positions gave product ion peaks with the loss of a phenyl radical (Ph.) by radical initiated α-cleavage, while substitution at 2 position of chalcone in the A-ring gave a product ion peak with the loss of substituted styryl radical (PhCH = CH.). In case of the chalcones with the substituent at 4 positions in A and B rings gave both types of fragmentation patterns. In conclusion, chalcones can be easily characterized using modern DART interface in very short time and efficiently without any cumbersome sample pretreatment.

Fragmentation Behavior Studies of Chalcones Employing Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)

Motiur Rahman, A.F.M.,Attwa, Mohamed W.,Ahmad, Pervez,Baseeruddin, Mohammad,Kadi, Adnan A. Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Chalcones are naturally occurring, biologically active molecules generating interest from a wide range of research applications including synthetic methodology development, biological activity investigation and studying fragmentation patterns. In this article, a series of chalcones has been synthesized and their fragmentation behavior was studied using modern ambient ionization technique Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART). DART ion source connected with an ion trap mass spectrometer was used for the fragmentation of various substituted chalcones. The chalcones were introduced to the DART source using a glass capillary without sample preparation step. All the chalcones showed prominent molecular ion peaks $[M]^{{\cdot}+}$ corresponding to the structures. Multistage mass spectral data $MS^n$ ($MS^2$ and $MS^3$) were collected for all the chalcones studied. The chalcones with substitutions at 3, 4 or 5 positions gave product ion peaks with the loss of a phenyl radical ($Ph^{\cdot}$) by radical initiated ${\alpha}$-cleavage, while substitution at 2 position of chalcone in the A-ring gave a product ion peak with the loss of substituted styryl radical (PhCH = $CH^{\cdot}$). In case of the chalcones with the substituent at 4 positions in A and B rings gave both types of fragmentation patterns. In conclusion, chalcones can be easily characterized using modern DART interface in very short time and efficiently without any cumbersome sample pretreatment.

Life Science : Molecules ; A Facile Solvent Free Claisen-Schmidt Reaction: Synthesis of a,a`-bis-(Substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and a,a`-bis-(Substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones

( Motiur Rahman ),( Roushown Ali ),( Yurngdong Jahng ),( Adnan A Kadi ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0

Solvent-free Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes (aryl aldehydes) using solid NaOH (20 mol%) and applying a grinding technique were studied. Quantitative yields (96-98%) of α,α`-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones were obtained. Aliphatic aldehydes also provided α,α`-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones in very good yields with minor amounts of a-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. The catalytic performance of solid NaOH was examined. The molar ratio of NaOH was optimized. The catalytic effect of solid NaOH was also evaluated by comparing it with KOH, NaOAc, and NH(4)OAc and it turns out that 20 mol% of solid NaOH was good enough to catalyze the Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes. Additionally, the regioselectivity of the Claisen-Schmidt reaction of acetone with benzaldehyde was examined. Using the same method, we could synthesize the corresponding bis-benzylidene- and mono-benzylideneacetone separately in 98% and 96% yields, respectively.

Substrate effects on the microstructure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films

I. Ahmad,S.S. Roy,Md.A. Rahman,T.I.T. Okpalugo,P.D. Maguire,J.A. McLaughlin 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.5

In this work, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition was used to prepare hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) on different substrates over a wide range of thickness. In order to observe clear substrate effect the films were produced under identical growth conditions. Raman and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopies were employed to probe the chemical bonding of the films. For the films deposited on silicon substrates, the Raman ID/IG ratio and G-peak positions were constant for most thickness. For metallic and polymeric substrates, these parameters increased with film thickness, suggesting a change from a sp3-bonded hydrogenated structure to a more sp2 network, NEXAFS results also indicate a higher sp2 content of a-C:H films grown on metals than silicon. The metals, which are poor carbide precursors, gave carbon films with low adhesion, easily delaminated from the substrate. The delamination can be decreased/eliminated by deposition of a thin ( ~10 nm) silicon layer on stainless steel substrates prior to a-C:H coatings. Additionally we noted the electrical resistivity decreased with thickness and higher dielectric breakdown strength for a-C:H on silicon substrate.

Isman in Bangladesh

A K Md Fazlur Rahman 한국이슬람학회 1994 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.4 No.1

Numerically Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim country of the world. It has a land area of 148, 393 square kilometers and a population approximately 112 million. The Muslims form over 86% of the total people. The Hindues over 12%, the Buddhists, over 0.6%, the Christians, over 0.4%. The people of all faiths profess and practice their respective religions with complete freedom, mutual harmony and good understanding. Except for the Buddhists(about 1.2 million) who mostly live in the Chittagong Hill Tract bordering India and Myanmar. The people of the other faiths are spread all the over country. Bangladesh makes a homogeneous nation with Bengali as its principal language. The tribal people of Chittagong Hill Tract and other areas have their own dialects but they are not used in writing. Islam made its entry into Bangladesh with the coming of the Arabs since the 8th century. Hinduism and Buddhism were the predominant religions in Bangladesh but they lost grounds to Islam within a surprisingly short time. It look 100-200 years for Islam to become the dominant religion in Bangladesh. The naturalness, simplicity, freedom, fraternity and democratic values of Islam attracted the people of this area to embrace Islam. A brief account of the history of the foundation of the Muslim society in Bangladesh, the Impact of the Muslim rule, the socio-cultural, politico-economic and educational life of the Muslims in Bangladesh, the state policy and the Government's role towards Islam is given in this apticle. The history of Islam and the Muslims in Bangladesh has four distinct 'phases namely. The period of the early Muslim contact, the Delhi Sultanate, the independent Muslim Sultanate and the Mughal rule. The first period extends from the 8th century to the 12th century. During this period the Arab sailors, merchants, geographers, historians, visited the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the course of their voyages to the East. Many of them turned as teachers and preachers of Islam among the local people. They got settled down and married with local women. The earliest reference to the peaceful Arab contact with the coastal area of Bangladesh occurs in 'Silsilat-al-Tawarikh' written by the Arab geographers like Ibne Khurdadbih, Musudi, Tabari, Idrisi, wrote about the wealth and power of the ruling Pala Kings and the prosperity of the country. The Arab sailors carried merchandise from Bangladesh to the ports of China in the East and to the countries of the west. Many families in Chittagong still claim descent from the Arab stock and maintain their family genealogical table. It is worth while to note that the most orthodox Muslim population are found in the areas of early Muslim contact in Bangladesh and they form the hard core of the Muslim society in Bangladesh now. The period of Delhi Sultanate extends from 1204 A.D. to 1338 A.D. The Musli, Sutanate of Delhi was established with the conquest of Delhi by Qutbuddin Aibek. The Turkish commander of Sultan Muizuddin Muhammad Al-Ghori, the ruler of Ghazni and Afghanistan. Aibek became the first Muslim Sultan of Delhi after the death of Sultan Muizuddin Muhammad Al-Ghori. One of his subordinate Turkish mitilary officers by the name of Ikhtyar uddin Muhammud Bakhtyar Khalji conquered Western Bengal and the northern parts of Bengal in 1204 with the help of his Turkish troops and followers. Bakhtyar and his other Turkish successors ruled the new conquered territories almost independently with little control from Delhi. They took 40 to 60 years to conquer other parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh and consolidate them. Some of the strong Delhi Sultans forced the recalcitrant Turkish Governors of Bengal to accept their overlordship. But with the disintegration of the Turkish empire, Bengal became completely independent of Delhi. The independent Sultanate of Bangladesh Iasted for 200 years. The first independent Sultanate of Bengal was established in the eastern Bengal in 1338 by one of the

Investigation of the Temperature Dependence of Encapsulated Microbial Cells Based TTI by Applying a Variety of Color Parameters

A.T.M. Mijanur Rahman,정승원,최동열,고상훈,이승주 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.5

In the present study, a new microbial TTI system was developed based on encapsulation techniques. TTI response (color change) was evaluated by using primarily the CIELab coordinates which were further used for the conversion into the secondary and tertiary variables and finally compared all the variables to choose the best ones for calculation of activation energy (Ea) quickly and accurately. In order to select the best variables for calculating the Ea, 95% confidence interval was also used. Primary variable a* exhibited the best linearity, narrowest 95% confidence interval and simplicity in interpretation of the color-developing reaction. Ea of the developed microbial TTIs ranged from 57.28 to 110.23 kJ/mol and maintains a consistent performance similar to that of other microbial and nonmicrobial TTIs which are commercially available. Therefore, it can be concluded that this new microbial TTI system can be used effectively in the food industry for monitoring food quality.

Quality Assessment of Beef Using Computer Vision Technology

Md,Faizur Rahman,Abdullah Iqbal,Md,Abul Hashem,Akinbode A,Adedeji 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.6

Imaging technique or computer vision (CV) technology has received huge attention as a rapid and non-destructive technique throughout the world for measuring quality attributes of agricultural products including meat and meat products. This study was conducted to test the ability of CV technology to predict the quality attributes of beef. Images were captured from longissimus dorsi muscle in beef at 24 h post-mortem. Traits evaluated were color value (L*, a*, b*), pH, drip loss, cooking loss, dry matter, moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), total coliform count (TCC), total viable count (TVC) and total yeast-mould count (TYMC). Images were analyzed using the Matlab software (R2015a). Different reference values were determined by physicochemical, proximate, biochemical and microbiological test. All determination were done in triplicate and the mean value was reported. Data analysis was carried out using the programme Statgraphics Centurion XVI. Calibration and validation model were fitted using the software Unscrambler X version 9.7. A higher correlation found in a* (r=0.65) and moisture (r=0.56) with ‘a*’ value obtained from image analysis and the highest calibration and prediction accuracy was found in lightness (r²c=0.73, r²p=0.69) in beef. Results of this work show that CV technology may be a useful tool for predicting meat quality traits in the laboratory and meat processing industries.

Simulation study of magnetorheological testing cell design by incorporating all basic operating modes

Mohd J. Mughni,Saiful A. Mazlan,Izyan I.M. Yazid,Mohd A.A. Rahman,Hairi Zamzuri 국제구조공학회 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.14 No.5

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is one of the field-responsive fluids that is of interest to many researchers due to its high yield stress value, which depends on the magnetic field strength. Similar to electrorheological (ER) fluid, the combination of working modes is one of the techniques to increase the performance of the fluids with limited focus on MR fluids. In this paper, a novel MR testing cell incorporated with valve, shear and squeeze operational modes is designed and constructed in order to investigate the behaviour of MR fluid in combined mode. The magnetic field distribution in the design concept was analyzed using finite element method in order to verify the effective areas of each mode have the acceptable range of flux density. The annular gap of valve and shear were fixed at 1 mm, while the squeeze gap between the parallel circular surfaces was varied up to 20 mm. Three different coil configurations, which were made up from 23 SWG copper wires were set up in the MR cell. The simulation results indicated that the magnetic field distributed in the squeeze gap was the highest among the other gaps with all coils were subjected to a constant applied current of 1 A. Moreover, the magnetic flux densities in all gaps were in a good range of magnitude based on the simulations that validated the proposed design concept. Hence, the 3D model of the MR testing cell was designed using Solidworks for manufacturing processes.

Simulation study of magnetorheological testing cell design by incorporating all basic operating modes

Mughni, Mohd J.,Mazlan, Saiful A.,Zamzuri, Hairi,Yazid, Izyan I.M.,Rahman, Mohd A.A. Techno-Press 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.14 No.5

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is one of the field-responsive fluids that is of interest to many researchers due to its high yield stress value, which depends on the magnetic field strength. Similar to electrorheological (ER) fluid, the combination of working modes is one of the techniques to increase the performance of the fluids with limited focus on MR fluids. In this paper, a novel MR testing cell incorporated with valve, shear and squeeze operational modes is designed and constructed in order to investigate the behaviour of MR fluid in combined mode. The magnetic field distribution in the design concept was analyzed using finite element method in order to verify the effective areas of each mode have the acceptable range of flux density. The annular gap of valve and shear were fixed at 1 mm, while the squeeze gap between the parallel circular surfaces was varied up to 20 mm. Three different coil configurations, which were made up from 23 SWG copper wires were set up in the MR cell. The simulation results indicated that the magnetic field distributed in the squeeze gap was the highest among the other gaps with all coils were subjected to a constant applied current of 1 A. Moreover, the magnetic flux densities in all gaps were in a good range of magnitude based on the simulations that validated the proposed design concept. Hence, the 3D model of the MR testing cell was designed using Solidworks for manufacturing processes.