고효율 폐페인트의 재활용 기술 개발

정재헌,김정수,김종민,김영한,이상록,장상목 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

In this study, the equipment and method to recyle waste-paint, were developed and investigated. The efficiency of drying and pulverizing the waste-paint were improved via vescosity reducing process and microwave energy source with a blast of hot air. This method may be useful to recyle the waste-paint, rubber and plastics.

Strengthening the UN : Its prerequisite conditions

Song, Byung Rok 인류사회재건연구원 2001 OUGHTOPIA Vol.16 No.1

Post-cerclage ultrasonographic cervical length can predict preterm delivery in elective cervical cerclage patients

( Rok Katerina Song ),( Hyun Hwa Cha ),( Mi Young Shin ),( Suk Joo Choi ),( Soo Young Oh ),( Jong Hwa Kim ),( Cheong Rae Roh ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.59 No.1

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasound measurements of cervical length before and after elective prophylactic cervical cerclage in predicting preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. Methods Women who underwent an elective cerclage operation at 14 to 19 weeks of gestation and who delivered between January 2004 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study (n=52). Ultrasonography was performed to measure cervical length before and after cerclage. The primary outcome was defined as preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the most discriminating cut-off values of ultrasonographic cervical parameters predictive of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. Results Among the 52 patients studied, ten delivered before 32 weeks of gestation. Among the ultrasonographic cervical parameters compared, only the cervical length after cerclage was significantly different (shorter) in patients who delivered before 32 weeks of gestation (P=0.037) compared to that of those who delivered after 32 weeks of gestation in univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio, 0.402; 95% confidence interval, 0.174 to 0.925; P=0.021). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a cervical length of 25 mm or less after cerclage was predictive of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation (area under curve, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.87; P=0.029) with a sensitivity of 91.0% and a specificity of 30.0%. Conclusion Patients with a cervical length less than 25 mm after elective cerclage may be at higher risk of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation.

Operating a National Hotline in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Song Rok,Choi Yuh Seog,Ko Jae Young 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.6

The importance of effective communication cannot be overestimated during a pandemic. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency national 1339 hotline has been in operation since the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in 2016. The hotline is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, and provides accurate, reliable information based upon the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency guidelines in response to queries. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the 1339 hotline received callers’ questions about symptoms and the implications of their actions regarding the epidemic. Through the 1339 hotline, callers received the up-to-date information that enabled them to protect themselves as well as others from COVID-19. This public service may have influenced on reduced risk of virus transmission in Korea.

COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities: Experience in Republic of Korea

Rok Song,Kim Hee-Sook,유석주,이관,박지혁,Jang Joon Ho,Ahn Gyoung-Sook,Kim Jun-Nyun 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.4

Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in nursing facilities can easily lead to a high rate of infection and fatality. A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area. The aim of this study is to report on the epidemiological investigation and the management to reduce the infection rate in nursing facilities for older adults. Methods The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020. COVID-19 infected cases in the facilities were investigated to identify the infection routes, and the fatality rate of the 5 facilities. Results The 5 facilities had a combined fatality rate of 12.2% (9 deceased among the 74 infected cases). The median age of the deceased was 87 years old (range: 82–91). The infection was first identified on February 27th, 2020, peaked on March 6th, and was last detected on March 24th, 2020. Conclusion Difficulties specific to such facilities included the delay in the recognition of symptoms and limitation in distancing. Tailored strategies such as daily monitoring of symptoms and proactive COVID-19 screening of quarantined residents, contributed to a decline in the infections in the facilities.

Analytical modeling of field-induced interband tunneling-effect transistors and its application

Song, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Kyung Rok,Kang, Sangwoo,Kim, Jin Ho,Huh, Jung Im,Kang, Kwon Chil,Song, Ki-Whan,Lee, Jong Duk,Park, Byung-Gook IEEE 2006 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY Vol.5 No.3

In the room-temperature I-V characteristics of field-induced interband tunneling-effect transistors (FITETs), negative-differential conductance (NDC) characteristics as well as negative-differential transconductance (NDT) characteristics have been observed. The key operation principle of this quantum-tunneling device is the field-induced interband tunneling. To include the effect of interband tunneling, we have developed an analytical equation of interband tunneling current. Due to the inherent SOI-MOSFET structure of the FITET, the current equation of MOSFET has also been included in the analytical equation of the FITET. By comparing the calculated data from these two current components with the measured data, an additional excess tunneling current component has been introduced in the final analytical equation of the FITET. SPICE simulation results with this analytical model have shown good agreements with the experimental results. Also, this analytical model has been applied to verify the functionality of a simple digital logic gate such as XOR and four-level parity checker made by one FITET.

Reform plan for the United Nations

Song, Byung-Rok Center for the Reconstruction of Human Socity, Kyu 2000 OUGHTOPIA Vol.15 No.1

Der Begriff der 'Staatsklasse' von Hartmut Elsenhans und dessen Verwendung unter dem südkoreanischen Militärregime

Byung-Rok Song 한독사회과학회 2007 한독사회과학논총 Vol.17 No.2

군부의 정치개입과 군사정권의 성립은 거의 개발도상국가 전반에 걸쳐서 관찰되어질 수 있었던 현상이었다. 군부의 정치개입을 설명하는 데에는 크게 보아 사회적 분석수준과 군사-제도적 분석수준이 있다. 미국 군대사회학에서는 탈식민지화 과정의 개발도 상국가의 군대는 예외없이 근대화의 추진세력 혹은 사회변혁의 전위(avant-garde)로 간주되었다. 이글은 미국의 근대화 이론에 입각하여 한국의 경제적, 사회적 발전을 추진한 한국 군부의 역할과 정치경제학적인 측면에서 군부엘리트를 '국가계급'(Staatsklasse) 개념으로 파악, 분석하였다. 국가계급이란 독일 콘스탄츠 대학의 정치학 교수인 하르트무트 엘젠한스(Hartmut Elsenhans)가 1984년 그의 저서 『종속적 자본주의와 관료적 발전사회; 제 3세계 국가에 대한 분석』(Abhängiger Kapitalismus oder bürokratische Entwicklungsgesellschaft: Versuch über den Staat in der Dritten Welt)에서 제 3세계의 저발전과 종속심화의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 도입한 개념이다. 그에 의하면 개발도상국에 있어서 중앙집권세력은 국가계급이며 이에는 모든 공직자가 다 속하는 것이 아니고, “오직 자신의 행정기구 권한으로서 잉여생산물의 탈취, 분배에 참여하거나 또는 중요한 투자부문의 결정에 참여하거나 노동의 관리에 참여하는 자만이 국가계급에 속하며 혹은 국가기구(국영기업이나 국가에 통합된 정치적·사회적 조직)들에 있어서 중요한 임무를 인식할 수 있는 사람이 이에 속하며 사회적 잉여생산물을 집단적으로 탈취하는 관료계급”이라고 규정한다. 즉 생산에 종사하거나(노동자), 생산수단을 소유(자본가)하지도 않으면서 생산의 결과를 독점·처분하는 개발도상국의 군부엘리트를 포함한 고급관료층이라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 한국의 경우, 1961년 군부쿠데타 이후 30년 가까이 지속된 군부통치 기간은 정치에 개입한 군부엘리트, 재벌, 고급행정관료 그리고 90년대 이후엔 이들과 주요언론사 사주 등이 혼인을 통하여 한국만의 독특한 국가계급을 형성하여 한국사회의 권력과 부를 독점하면서 우리 사회의 기득권세력으로서 고착화되었다. 한국의 국가계급은 법의 지배를 벗어나 있어 국가권력과 국가기구의 사유화 현상이 빚어지기도 하는데, 검찰과 법원의 삼성그룹 비호라든지 한화그룹 김승연 회장의 사적인 보복폭행 사건 등이 바로 이를 말해주고 있는 것이다. 그리하여 이 국가계급은 한국 사회의 본질을 분석하고 이해하는데 매우 유용한 개념인 것이다. Die Aufgabe dieser Arbeit ist es, am Beispiel der langandauernden und im modernisierungstheoretischen Sinne allgemein als erfolgreich eingeschätzten Militärherrschaft in Südkorea die Bilanz langfristiger sozialer Wandlungsprozesse und der Chancen eigenständigen 'binneninduzierten' sozialen Wandels als Ergebnis dieser Periode der Militärherrschaft zu ziehen. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Frage, inwieweit in der Entwicklung Südkoreas unter der Militärherrschaft sozialer Wandel in Strukturen mündet, die grundlegende Prozesse gesellschaftlicher Emanzipation eher verzögern oder sogar verhindern, und die Gesellschaft insgesamt in eine schwere Krise ihrer kulturellen Identität und ihres sozialen Zusammenhaltes gerät. Die leitende Fragestellung hierbei richtet sich auf das politische Verhalten des Militärs nach der Intervention und auf Wandlungsprozesse innerhalb des Militärregimes. In vielen Ländern der Dritten Welt haben sich die Militärs als politisch herrschende Elite, nämlich Staatsklasse, etabliert und im Zusammenhang mit den ehemaligen kolonialen Mutterländern eine wichtige Rolle als 'Brückenkopf' übernommen. Zentrale Führungsgruppe in den Entwicklungsländern ist nach Hartmut Elsenhans die Staatsklasse, zu der allerdings nicht alle öffentliche Bediensteten zählen. Entsprechend der Marxschen Definition von Klassen gehört nach Elsenhans zur Staatsklasse nur, wer "kraft Amtes an der Aneignung von Mehrprodukt als Einkommen des Apparats, an der Verteilung von solchem Mehrprodukt auf Konsum und Investitionen, an Investitionsentscheidungen und an der Lenkung von Arbeit teilnimmt bzw. andere leitende Aufgaben im Staatsapparat, den staatlichen Betrieben und den in den Staat integrierten politischen und gesellschaftlichen Organisationen wahrnimmt" Die Präsidentschaftswahlen im Jahre 1987 waren ein Wendepunkt in der politischen Geschichte Südkoreas. Sie markieren den Zeitpunkt der 'formellen' Ablösung einer Militärherrschaft, die 27 Jahre andauerte. Aber, während des fast 30-jährigen andauernden Militärrgimes waren die politischen Eliten des Militärs, die Konglomerate, die Bürokraten und später hinzu auch die Inhaber der 3 führenden Zeitungsverläge als Staatsklasse etabiliert. Und sie ist nach wie vor ein wichtiger Faktor in der koreanischen Gesellschaft. Sie privatisiert die Staatsmacht und den Staatsapparat. Der Präsident des Hanwha-Konzerns, Kim, Seung-youn, der mit seinen Leibwachen die Bar-Arbeiter ausgeraubt und verprügelt hat, und der versucht hat, mit der Hilfe der polizeilichen Spitzen dieses Ereignis zu verdecken, nachdem sein Sohn im Faustkampf verletzt worden war, war nur das jüngste Beispiel.

Copper T 자궁내장치의 방광 내 전이 후 발생한 방광결석

송록 ( Rok Song ),위지선 ( Ji Sun We ),황성진 ( Seong Jin Hwang ),박인양 ( In Yang Park ),김찬주 ( Chan Joo Kim ),김창이 ( Chang Yee Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.2

An intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most commonly used contraceptive method in the world. One of the major complications of intrauterine contraception is the perforation through the uterine wall into the pelvic or abdominal cavity. The incidence is 0.9 people per 1000. However, bladder perforation is even more rare. It happens mostly at the time when it was inserted. The symptom varies from no symptom at all to low abdominal pain, massive bleeding, et cetera. We report a case with displaced intrauterine device in bladder, producing the bladder stone which was managed with cystoscopic lithotripsy and intrauterine device removal, followed by a review of the literature.

지방자치단체의 자체감사제도 개선 및 독립성 확보방안

송석록(Song Seok-Rok) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2009 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

Recently, The local self-governing system is magnifying the autonomy and independence of the local government legally․institutionally from the nation. But the side effect accompanied by extension of ensuring the autonomy and independence in the local government had been often reported continuously by the press etc., It is the resident who must endure final damage of such results Hence, the self-inspection organization of the local authority takes charge of the role which audit about prevention or time after the work occurrence of corruption and illegality․injustice. But, there is a limit where the self-inspection organization of the local self-governing group audits because of the problem of independence about the self-inspection organization of the local authority. Therefore in order to overcome above problems, the board of audit system which Jeju Special Self-Governing Province is running can be the alternative. Also election of the Comptroller can be resident election like resident popular vote of New York state Chairman of the Board of Audit and Inspection system of the United States. I suppose that the Comptroller and Audit committee hold office for four years like the Comptroller of New York state Chairman of the Board of Audit and Inspection system of the United States and Audit committee where also east longitude of Japan has a expert knowledge identically, tenure proposes the fact that does in 4 years. Finally the participation where the resident is active is important as I look around the sound finance of the local government. Also the deep interesting of administration of local government and the embodiment of evident administration through lively attitude and approach can prevent the residents' damage caused by finance waste of the local government. To add, the reform of the municipalities law and the local finance act etc would be necessary in order to introduce the board of audit system of the local government.