PF3)모피트를 이용한 일산화탄소의 전지구적 모니터링

최성득,장윤석,이상희,최기혁 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

잔류성 유기오염물질의 전 지구적 거동: 다매체 환경모델의 결과해석 및 개선방안

최성득,장윤석,Choi, Sung-Deuk,Chang, Yoon-Seok 한국해양학회 2007 바다 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구에서는 다매체 환경모델인 Globe-POP(persistent organic pollutant)을 이용하여, 1930년대부터 대기 중으로 배출된 polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)의 전 지구적 환경거동에 대해서 살펴보고, 다매체 환경모델의 보완사항을 논의하였다. 각 환경매체의 PCB 축적은 대기 중으로의 배출패턴에 직접적인 영향을 받는 것이 확인되었으며, 이 외에도 환경매체의 면적, 분배계수, 분해율 등에 따라서 결정되었다. 지난 70년 동안 각 기후대의 배출량 분포는 일정하게 유지되었으나, 고위도 환경매체로의 축적량이 시간에 따라 증가하는 저온응축 현상을 확인하였다. 북반구 온대지역은 PCB 배출량과 환경매체로의 축적량에 있어서 가장 중요한 지역으로 평가되었으며, 대부분의 PCB는 토양과 해양으로 축적되는 것으로 예측되었다. 한편, 남극에는 중요한 오염원이 없음에도 불구하고, 매우 낮은 온도로 인해 전 지구적인 오염원 위치와는 크게 상관없이 POPs가 축적되는 것으로 추정되었다. 남극을 포함한 극지와 계절적 강설이 있는 북반구 고위도 지역의 POPs 거동을 신뢰성 있게 파악하기 위하여, 설빙을 포함한 water balance의 작성을 제안하였다. 이와 같이 개선된 다매체 환경모델은 미래의 기후변화에 따른 전 지구적 POPs 거동을 예측하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Global fates of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) were investigated with a fugacity based multimedia transport and fate model, Globe-POP(persistent organic pollutant). The accumulation of PCB was directly affected by the emission patterns of PCB into the atmosphere and surface areas of environmental compartments. Partition coefficients and reaction rates also influenced on the accumulation patterns of PCB. The emission patterns of PCB in 10 climate zones were consistent for the past 70 years, while the contribution of PCB in high-latitude zones to the globe has increased by cold condensation. Considering the amounts of emission and accumulation of PCB, the North temperature zone is regarded as an important source and sink of PCB. Meanwhile, in spite of no significant sources, POPs accumulate in Antarctic environments mainly due to extremely low temperature. Finally we suggested that a global water balance accounting for snow/ice should be incorporated into multimedia environmental models for high-latitude zones and polar regions with the seasonal snow pack and/or permanent ice caps. The modified model will be useful to evaluate the influence of climate change on the fate of POPs.

Seasonal variation, source identification, and health risk assessment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ulsan, South Korea

최성득,윤나라,이상진,Tuyet Nam Thi Nguyen,이호영,조혜경,송창근 한국대기환경학회 2024 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.18 No.1

Gaseous and particulate 21 PAHs were monitored at a residential site in Ulsan, South Korea, over three seasons (December 2013–August 2014). The mean concentrations of Σ21 PAHs were highest in winter (16.2 ± 8.2 ng/m3), followed by spring (8.37 ± 4.53 ng/m3) and summer (6.23 ± 2.53 ng/m3). The mean gaseous concentration of Σ21 PAHs (7.39 ± 4.39 ng/m3) was 2.7 times higher than that of particulate PAHs (2.70 ± 3.38 ng/m3). To identify the sources of PAHs (both types of sources and their areas), diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis, and concentrationweighted trajectory (CWT) were used. The results showed that pyrogenic sources (e.g., coal combustion) were the primary emission sources of PAHs in winter and spring. In summer, the influence of both coal and heavy oil combustion was dominant, suggesting that PAHs could be transported from industrial areas of Ulsan (e.g., petrochemical and nonferrous industrial complexes) by seasonal winds. Regarding emission source areas, the CWT analysis revealed that in winter and spring, PAHs in Ulsan could be attributed to emissions from regional areas, e.g., China and North Korea. The PAH concentrations were also used to assess the health risks associated with the inhalation of these compounds for adults aged 18–70. The results showed that the cancer risks from Σ19 PAHs and Σ13 PAHs did not exceed the guideline set by the US EPA ( 10−6), indicating no cancer risks for this target group. However, it is worth noting that certain PAHs, which are not listed as priority PAHs by the US EPA, make significant contributions to the benzo[a] pyrene equivalent and the associated cancer risks. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate not only the priority PAHs but also other PAH species to fully evaluate their effect on human health.

지리정보시스템을 이용한 울산시 도시대기측정소 평가

최성득 한국환경분석학회 2022 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.25 No.3

To manage particulate matter (PM2.5) in Ulsan, this study evaluated the current status of the emissions and concentrations of PM2.5 and the number and spatial distribution of urban air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs). The major emission sources of PM2.5 in Ulsan are industrial activities (production process, manufacturing combustion, and ships), and the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 in Ulsan is not higher than those in other large megacities. However, the toxicity of PM2.5 in Ulsan seems to be high owing to the presence of hazardous air pollutants. Although the AQMSs in Ulsan have been well operated, and the number of stations is sufficient, further evaluation of the roles and spatial distribution of some of these stations is required. This study proposed the priority areas for installing new AQMSs using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools based on the population distribution and PM2.5 pollution levels. The method developed in this study can be used for other cities, as well as for expanding urban areas and new downtown areas in Ulsan to assess the existing monitoring network and suggest the optimum locations of new stations.

서울시 유해대기오염물질의 오염특성: 시계열 변화, 오염원 추정, 위해성평가

최성득,이승복,최예지,김성준,김창혁,이선엽,임형진,안예진,하현주,최유리,김진영 한국대기환경학회 2024 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are primarily emitted from human activities in industrial and urban areas, and they have adverse impacts on human health. While many studies have focused on monitoring individual HAPs in Seoul, simultaneous measurements of various types of HAPs have been rare. In this study, therefore, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyl compounds, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs), black carbon (BC), heavy metals, and criteria air pollutants (CAPs) were simultaneously measured at a site in Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea. The concentrations of most VOCs were high in the fall and spring mainly due to low wind speeds. Conversely, several VOCs emitted from solvents in industrial and urban areas exhibited high concentrations in the summer. Benzene was positively correlated with BC and CO, and BC showed a positive correlation with CO and PM2.5. Additionally, pPAHs exhibited a positive correlation with BC and CO, suggesting an association with incomplete combustion. NO2 was negatively correlated with O3, formed by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. The hourly concentration trends of NOx and SO2 coincided, potentially linked to emissions from non-industrial sources. Higher concentrations of benzene, BC, PM10, pPAHs, NO2, CO, and SO2 were observed during commute times. PM10 concentrations in the fall exceeded the daily national guideline of 100 μg/m3 due to long-range atmospheric transport from China. Despite their relatively low concentrations, acetaldehyde & ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, and 1,3-butadiene posed significant cancer and non-cancer risks. The findings of this study highlight that the levels and patterns of HAPs in Seoul are mainly influenced by local sources (e.g., solvents, vehicular exhaust, and combustion) as well as longrange atmospheric transport, and their order of priority varies based on levels and associated risks.

울산시 휘발성유기화합물 배출 저감 시나리오에 따른 2차 생성 미세먼지 저감 효과

최성득,이상진,이병규,김성준,김대곤,이그림,강현정,김효선,박대용 한국대기환경학회 2022 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a major precursor generating ozone (O3) and Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs) by reacting with nitrogen oxides (NOX) and OH radicals in the atmosphere. In this study, the scenarios of VOC emission reduction in Ulsan were suggested based on two emission inventories: the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) and the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR). Considering the characteristics of VOC emissions, three scenarios of VOC emission reduction were derived: (1) Scenario 1-1 reducing TVOC emissions by the type of emission sources, (2) Scenario 2-1 reducing BTEX emissions by areas and compounds, and (3) Scenario 3-1 reducing BTEX emissions by the type of industrial facilities. The concentrations of VOCs before and after the emission reduction were simulated using an air dispersion model. Then, their corresponding Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential (SOAFP) was calculated, and reduction efficiencies in VOCs and SOAFP were compared among the three scenarios. Scenario 2-1 showed the most significant decrease in VOC concentrations. Scenarios 1-1 and 2-1 presented higher reduction efficiencies of VOCs and SOAFP than control scenarios that reduce the same emission amounts without considering emission characteristics (i.e., industrial facilities, areas, and compounds). The methodology and major results of this study can be a basis for establishing VOC and SOA management policies.

소각장 주변의 대기와 토양 중 다이옥신 모니터링

최성득,오정은,이세진,장윤석 한국대기환경학회 2005 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

배경지역 (백령도와 제주도) 미세먼지 오염특성 및 장거리 이동

최성득,이호영,김남규,조민재,이상진,최진수,강경식 한국대기환경학회 2022 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.38 No.4

This study evaluated the characteristics of PM2.5 pollution and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) at the Baengnyeong and Jeju Air Quality Research Centers in South Korea during 2018~2020. The mean concentration of PM2.5 was constant in Baengnyeong but decreased in Jeju owing to COVID-19. The significant seasonal variations of OC, EC, and NO3 - in Baengnyeong and Jeju with the highest concentrations in winter may be due to the influence of high PM2.5 episodes. Meanwhile, the concentrations of SO4 2- and NH4 + were constant throughout the year in Baengnyeong, resulting from regional inflow from surrounding areas. The influence of anthropogenic sources and secondary formation of PM2.5 increased in summer and decreased in autumn at both sites, which was also observed at other background sites. The dominance of NO3 -, K+, and Cl- in Baengnyeong was due to the influence of combustion sources and LRAT. The source of SO4 2-, NH4 +, V, and Ni in Jeju was identified as industrial activities with the highest contribution in summer. The secondary formation of PM2.5 with external inflow effects was dominant in Baengnyeong and Jeju. The main emission source area of PM2.5 for both Baengnyeong and Jeju was East China (Hebei, Shandong, Jangsu, and Anhui), but the chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 were different between Baengnyeong and Jeju. The result of this study can be a basis for future monitoring and modeling studies on the influence of LRAT in background areas.

울산광역시 악취발생 현황과 통합관리체계 구축 제안

최성득 한국환경분석학회 2022 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.25 No.1

In Ulsan, large-scale industrial facilities emit large amounts of various odors and hazardous air pollutants. This study investigated the current status of odor problems in Ulsan and suggested a comprehensive management system. Owing to the geographical conditions, weather conditions, major industrial complexes, and management of emission facilities, complaints about odor occur mainly in summer. The city authority responds to odor problems by preparing comprehensive measures to prevent odors and introducing unmanned sampling devices, real-time monitors, and a mobile monitoring system. Major odor substances and pollution characteristics can be identified through these efforts, but information on specific odor substances, complex odors, emission sources, and transport pathways is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the current monitoring system and establish a comprehensive management system to solve this problem.

Passive Air Sampler를 이용한 세종기지에서의 PCB 모니터링

최성득,백송이,장윤석 대한환경공학회 2007 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.12