Polyethyleneimine-응축 BMP-2 발현 유전자를 이용한 골형성 효과

정희선,김경화,박윤정,김태일,이용무,구영,류인철,이동수,이승진,정종평,한수부,설양조,Cheong, Hee-Sun,Kim, Kyoung-Hwa,Park, Yoon-Jeong,Kim, Tae-Il,Lee, Yong-Moo,Ku, Young,Rhyu, In-Chul,Lee, Dong-Soo,Lee, Seung-Jin,Chung, Chong-Pyoung,Han, 대한치주과학회 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.4

Naked DNA and standard vectors have been previously used for gene delivery. Among these, PEI can efficiently condense DNA and has high intrinsic endosomal activities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the cationic polycation PEI could increase the transfection efficiency of BMP expressing DNA using a vector-loaded collagen sponge model. BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 plasmid was constructed by subcloning human BMP-2 cDNA into the pcDNA3.1 plasmid vector. PEI/DNA complexes were prepared by mixing PEI and BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 and the constructed complexes were loaded into the collagen sponges. In vitro studies, BMSCs were transfected with the PEI/BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 complexes from collgen sponge. The level of secreted BMP-2 and alkaline phosphatase activities of transfected BMSCs were significantly higher in PEI/BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 group than in BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 group (p<0.05). Transfected BMSCs were cultured and mineralization was observed only in cells treated with PEI/BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 complexes. In vivo studies, PEI/BMP-2/pcDNA3.1/collagen, BMP-2/pcDNA3.1/collagen and blank collagen were grafted in skeletal muscle of nude mice. Ectopic bone formation was shown in PEI/BMP-2/pcDNA3.1/collagen grafted mouse 4 weeks postimplantation, while not in BMP-2/pcDNA3.1 grafted tissue. This study suggests that PEI-condensed DNA encoding for BMP-2 is capable of inducing bone formation in ectopic site and might increase the transfection rate of BMP-2/pcDNA3.1. As a non-viral vector, PEI offers the potential in gene therapy for bone engineering.

Kainic Acid로 처리한 해마박편배양 마우스 간질모델에서 치아이랑 Parvalbumin 면역 반응성 사이신경세포의 형태학적 변화

정희선,신미영,김영훈,이인구,황경태,김명석,Chung, Hee Sun,Shin, Mi-Young,Kim, Young-Hoon,Lee, In-Goo,Whang, Kyung-Tai,Kim, Myung-Suk 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.12

목 적 : 중증 측두엽간질환자와 kainic acid(KA)로 처리한 측두엽간질 동물모델에서 해마 치아이랑의 사이신경세포가 소실된다. 측두엽간질 마우스모델인 마우스해마의 기관형 배양에 의한 KA 간질모델에서 parvalbumin(PV)항체를 이용한 면역조직화학법으로 치아이랑에 분포하는 PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포를 감별염색하여 세포체 및 그 가지돌기의 형태학적 변화를 관찰함으로써 측두엽간질의 병태생리의 일단을 규명하고자 한다. 방 법 : 실험적 간질 모델은 C57/BL6 마우스의 해마박편을 이용한 기관형 배양에서 $10{\mu}M$ KA 투여로 유발시켰으며, PV 항체를 이용한 광학현미경적 면역조직화학법으로 치아이랑에 분포하는 PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포를 감별염색하여 형태학적 차이를 관찰하였고, 또한 이들 세포의 세포수를 계측하고 KA처리 후 배양하면서 시간경과(8, 24, 48, 72시간)에 따라 PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과: KA 처리를 하지 않고 배양된 해마조직박편(대조군)의 치아이랑에서 PV 면역반응성 세포는 가지돌기 나무가 잘 발달되어 있고 사이신경세포로서 이들은 주로 과립층과 이층 밑의 다형층에 산재하였다. $10{\mu}M$ KA에 1시간 정도 노출되었을 때 PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포의 돌기에는 염주상이 형성되었고 가지돌기는 가늘어져 있었다. PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포는 KA 처리 후 배양액에서 KA를 제거한 뒤 시간이 경과함에 따라 형태학적 회복을 보여주었다. KA 제거 후 8시간 회복군에서 세포돌기의 염주상은 볼 수 없었으며 가지돌기는 가늘어져 있었다. KA 제거 후 24, 48, 72시간 회복군에서도 염주상은 거의 볼 수가 없었으며 가지돌기의 두께도 회복되었다. PV 면역반응성 사이신경세포의 수는 대조군에 비하여 KA 처리군과 KA 제거 후 8시간 회복군에서는 통계학적으로 유의한 세포수의 감소가 있었으나 KA 제거 후 24시간 회복군, KA 제거 후 48시간 회복군 및 KA 제거 후 72시간 회복군에서는 대조군과 차이가 없 었다. 결 론: 이러한 결과는 KA에 의하여 유발된 치아이랑 사이신경세포의 세포소실이 일시적이며 가역적인 현상임을 말해주는 것이다. Purpose : Loss of hippocampal interneurons in dentate gyrus has been reported in patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy and in animals treated with kainic acid(KA). Interneurons contain $Ca^{2+}$- binding protein parvalbumin(PV). The effects of kainic acid on parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in dentate gyrus were investigated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices from postnatal day nine C57/BL6 mice were exposed to $10{\mu}M$ KA, and were observed at 0, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after a one hour KA exposure. Neuronal injury was determined by morphologic changes of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus. Results : Transient(1 hour) exposure of hippocampal explant cultures to KA produced marked varicosities in dendrites of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus and the shaft of interbeaded dendrite is often much thinner than those in control. The presence of varicosities in dendrites was reversible with KA washout. The dendrites of KA treated explants were no longer beaded at 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after KA exposure. The number of cells in PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus was decreased at 0, 8 hours after exposure. But there was no significant difference in 24, 48 and 72 hours recovery group compared with control group. Conclusion : The results suggested that loss of PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus is transient, and is not accompanied by PV-IR interneuronal cell death.

마약류의 불순물 프로파일에 의한 제조원 추적

정희선(Hee Sun Chung) 한국법과학회 2000 한국법과학회 학술대회 Vol.2000 No.1

흰쥐에서 펜플루라민이성질체의 뇨증 배설

정희선(Hee Sun Chung),박미정(Mee Jung Park),진원택(Won Tack Jin),양원경(Won Kyung Yang),최화경(Hwa Kyung Choi),유영찬(Young Chan Yoo) 대한약학회 1998 약학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Fenfluramine, an anorectic agent, is widely abused as a diet pill in Korea because it is freely marketed in China without any regulation. The optical isomers of fenfluramine have different phamacological actions: d-form is used as an anorectic agent, while l-form as a neuroleptic agent. To investigate the metabolism when racemic fenfluramine was administered orally, the urinary excretion of fenfluramine was studied in rats. The enantiomeric separation of fenfluramine was performed on achiral column by gas chromatography using (S)-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-l-prolyl chloride (TFP) as a derivatizing agent. After administration of 15mg/kg of racemic fenfluramine to rats, d-, l-fenfluramine and its metabolites d- and l norfenfluramine in urine were determined by chromatographic separation of TFP derivatives on DB-1 at retention time of 11.2, 11.8, 8.4 and 8.6 min respectively. Urinary recoveries of d and l-fenfluramine in rat were 0.42-5.9O% and 0.18-1.20% respectively in urine specimens collected during first 24hr. The comparison in the levels of isomers showed that d- fenfluramine were higher than l-form, while d-norfenfluramine were lower than l-form. The ratios between parent compound and metabolite revealed that d-norfenfluramine to d-fenfluramine ranged from 1.0 to 4.4, while the ratio of l-norfenfluramine to l-fenfluramine was 8.2-21.1 indicating that l-fenfluramine is metabolized faster than the d-isomer.

비영리법인의 조세유인에 의한 비용배분: 사례연구

정희선 ( Hee Sun Chung ),정운오 ( Woon Oh Jung ) 한국회계학회 2014 회계저널 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 비영리법인이 수익사업에 대해서만 과세되는 지위를 활용하여 비수익사업의 비용을 수익사업으로 전환하려는 조세유인이 있는지 특정 비영리기업(이하 ``A사``)의 사례를 통해 살펴보았다. 우리나라 세법은 비수익사업과 수익사업에 공통으로 발생하는 비용(이하 공통비용)의 배분에 대해서는 법에 정한 기준을 적용하도록 규정하고 있어, 공통비용의 배분에 있어서는 조세유인이 발생할 여지가 낮다. 따라서 본 연구는 비수익사업 및 수익사업(이하 각 사업)에 개별적으로 비용을 배분하는 단계에서 조세유인이 발생하는지 분석하였다. 또 비용항목의 특성이 상이함을 고려하여 영업비용과 영업외비용으로 구분하였고 분석을 위해, 조세유인이 없었다면 전체비용 대비 수익사업에 배분되었을 비용의 비중(이하 조세중립배분비율)을 실제배분비율과 비교하는 방법을 채택하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 영업비용의 경우는, 일반적으로 매출에 비례하여 발생하는 특성을 감안하여, 전체사업의 매출 대비 수익사업의 매출 비중을 조세중립배분비율의 대용치로 사용하고, 이를 실제배분율과 비교한 결과 실제배분율이 0.69%p 더 높았다. 또한 영리기업은 조세유인에 따른 비용배분이 없으므로, A사와 영업환경이 유사한 동종산업 소속 영리기업의 이익률을 조세중립이익률의 대용치로 간주하고, 이를 A사 수익사업의 실제이익률과 비교하였다. 그 결과, A사의 실제이익률이 영리기업의 이익률 보다 12.02%p 낮은 사실이 발견되었다. 이는 A사의 경우 비수익사업의 비용이 수익사업으로 전환되었을 가능성을 지지하는 결과이다. 다음으로, 영업외비용의 경우는 전체 영업비용 대비 수익사업의 영업비용 비중을 조세중립배분비율로 보고, 이를 수익사업의 실제배분율과 비교한 결과, 실제배분율이 조세중립배분비율 보다 13.97%p 높았다. 그러나 수익사업에 강제 배분하도록 세법이 규정한 영업외비용항목들(예: 유형자산처분손실, 유가증권처분손실)은 조세유인에 의한 배분과는 무관하므로, 이러한 항목들의 영향을 배제한 분석의 결과에서는 실제배분율이 조세중립배분율 보다 오히려 7.29%p 낮은 현상을 발견하였다. 이는 영업외비용의 배분이 조세유인과는 상관없이, 단순히 관련 세법규정에 따른 결과임을 나타내는 것으로서, 영업외비용 관련 세법규정을 반영하지 않은 선행연구들의 결과가 왜곡되었을 가능성을 시사한다. Not-for-profit organizations are subject to taxation on the income earned from revenue-generating activities(RGA), while they are tax-exempt on the revenues funneling from proper-purpose activities(PPA). This case study investigates whether not-for- profit organizations have incentives to shift expenses from PPA to RGA by analyzing expense allocation behaviors of a not-for-profit company (A Corporation, henceforth) in the media industry. This study differs from the previous studies on this topic in the following two respects: First, unlike in the U.S., the Korean tax law rigidly stipulates the manner of allocating the expenses common to the two activities of not-for-profit organizations. Thus, Korean not-for-profit organizations are more likely to exhibit the expense-shifting behavior, if at all, in assigning expenses individually to PPA or RGA rather than in allocating the expenses common to the two activities. Thus, this study focuses on the expense-shifting behavior with respect to the individual expenses, ignoring the common expenses. Second, while the extant studies are plagued with some conceptual problems with identifying a tax-neutral expense-allocation behavior (i.e., the expenses that would be allocated to PPA or RGA had there been no tax incentives), this study attempts to avoid the problem by categorizing the total expenses into operating and non-operating expenses and then separately identifying a tax- neutral allocation for each of these expenses.

소수자 저항의 공간적 실천과 재현의 정치 -일본군 위안부 문제 해결을 위한 수요시위의 사례-

정희선 ( Hee Sun Chung ) 한국도시지리학회 2013 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study seeks to understand the politics of spatial practice and representation by a minority group`s resistance by examining the case of Wednesday demonstrations demanding the resolution of Japanese military ‘comfort women’ problems which have been periodically held in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul since 1992. It also takes the controversies over the ‘Peace Monument’ set up in front of the Embassy for the 1,000th rally in 2011 into account to comprehend the workings of representational space of resistance. The framework for case analysis is the three aspects of spatial practice, spatial representation and representational space of resistance, which are partly based upon Lefebvre`s theory on production of social space. Civic groups headed by the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan have been able to appropriate the space in front of the Japanese Embassy and to turn it into a space of resistance not only by repetitively staging the protests to call for an apology from the Japanese Government but also by installing a bronze statue of a young girl that symbolizes the Korean victims. The statue in front of the Embassy has been perceived as a symbol of resistance as well as the object of sympathy, prompting empathetic emotional reactions between Korea and Japan. It indicates that the statue together with the periodic protests have formed the images of spatiality of resistance, which have worked as representational space of resistance. The social movements demanding Japan to redress the ‘comfort women’ problems continue to be affected by the changing perspectives of historical events and international political dynamics. Therefore, more research is needed, from a variety of viewpoints including politics of identity, scale, place, and memory, to further understand the spatiality of minority resistance.

덱스트로메토르판에 대한 한국인의 표현헝 및 유전자헝 분석

정희선(Hee Sun Chung),양원경(Won Kyung Yang),최화경(Hwa Kyung Choi),양영근(Young Keun Yang),한은영(Eun Young Han),정운계(Wun Kye Chung),유영찬(Young Chan Yoo) 大韓藥學會 2002 약학회지 Vol.46 No.3

The abuse of dextromethorphan has been prevalent for 15 years in Korea and its fatal cases were reported even though it has proved to be very safe. In this study; to investigate the safety and tolerance assessment of deitromethorphan, the metabolic phenotyping and genotype of dextromethorphan were studied. After a single 30 mg of dextromethorphan oral administration to 74 volunteers, concentration of dextromethorphan and its metabolites, dextrorphan, hydroxymorphinan and methoxymorphinan were measured in urine which collected during 8hrs after the drug administration. CYP2D6 phenotype was determined from the ratio of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan. GC/MS was used to quantify dextromethorphan and its metabolites. For genotyping, mutant alleles of the CYP2D6 gene were identified.24 subjects (32.4%) were homozygous for CYP2D6*10B, 29 subjects (39.2%) were heterozygous for thIns allele, while in 21 subjects (28.4%) no exon 1 mutation could be found. The frequency of CYP2D6*10B-allele containing the 188C T mutation was 54% of total subjects studied.

특수교사의 다중지능성향과 교수특성

정희선(Chung, Hee-Sun),김선영(Kim, Sun-Young) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2013 특수교육논총 Vol.27 No.-

종교 공간의 장소성과 사회적 의미의 관계: 명동성당을 사례로

정희선 ( Hee Sun Chung ) 한국도시지리학회 2004 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study focuses on the placeness of Seoul`s Myeongdong Cathedral and its changing social meanings. Myegongdong Cathedral, completed in 1898, was the first Catholic Church in Korea. The Cathedral became a symbol of the people`s democratic movement in the middle 1970s and the 1980s. It was a frequent focal point for anti-government demonstrations and dissident holdouts, given that the place played a role of a safe haven where protesters were not forcibly ousted by the government. In December, 2000, however, the Myeongdong Cathedral declared its policy of no longer admitting protesters who do not have prior approval from the church after undergoing chaotic and unpleasant demonstrations by telecommucation unionists who showed rude behaviors including vandalizing church property and cluttering the compound with piles of trash. Although the Korean society recognizes the Cathedral as the time-honored sanctuary of unionists and student rebels on the run in the 1980s, the Catholic Church has recently opposed interest groups using the cathedral to fulfill their demands. The responses toward protesters shown by priests, worshippers, and merchants in the neighborhood started with the level of euphoria in the middle 1970s, went through the level of apathy and connivance in the 1990s, and have currently reached the level of irritation and antagonism. The statistics of protests held at the Cathedral reveal a chronicle of key issues dealt with by the society.

The Power, Politics, and Geography of a Sacred Place: Focusing on Myongdong Cathedral, Seoul, Korea

정희선 ( Hee Sun Chung ) 상명대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 社會科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

This study focuses on the placeness of Seoul`s Myongdong Cathedral and its changing social significance. Myongdong Cathedral, built in 1898, was the first Catholic Church in Korea. The Cathedral became a symbol of popular democratic movement throughout the 1970s and 1980s as it served as a safe haven for anti-government demonstrations and dissident activities. The Cathedral was widely recognized throughout the 1980s as a sanctuary to labor union members and students on the run from the dictatorial regime. In the 1990s, however, the Catholic Church was increasingly repelled by interest groups, which aimed to use the cathedral as a channel to have their voice heard. Attitudes towards protesters shown by priests, worshippers, and small business owners in the neighborhood were ones of welcome in the mid 1970s. After the initial euphoria died down in the 1990s, the sense of apathy and connivance set in. Such attitude of indifference was then replaced by that of angerand antagonism. Such negative attitudes towards demonstrators were reflected in the change of the Church`s demonstration policy in 2000, which would no longer approve demonstrations without prior permission. The move came following the rally organized by Korea Telecom Union members in December 2000 who engaged in vandalizing the Cathedral`s property. Apart from this, just by examining the type of rallies that took place at Myongdong Cathedral, one can learn about important issues that emerged in Korean society.