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국내유통 먹는샘물 중의 안티몬 함량 및 용기 이행 특성
허유정 ( Yu Jeong Huh ),양미희 ( Mi Hee Yang ),조양석 ( Yang Seok Cho ),안경희 ( Kyung Hee Ahn ),이연희 ( Youn Hee Lee ),정현미 ( Hyun Mee Chung ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),박주현 ( Ju Hyun Park ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.2
The knowledge on the migration of antimony (Sb) from PET bottles into the water is of greate concern. Antimony in all bottled water marketed in korea and in raw water was analyzed. The detection rate of antimony in total bottled water was 88 % and 100% in PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET), 55% in PC (Polycarbonate, PC) bottled water. 55% of raw water contained antimony. The average concentration of Sb in PET bottled water was 0.39 μg/L, higher than PC bottles (0.20 μg/L) and the raw water (0.22 μg/L). The migration of Sb into water that is stored in different conditions (room temperature, 45℃, and direct sunlight exposure) was investigated for 180 days. The migration tendency increased with the storage time and temperature. PET bottles showed a sharp increase of Sb concentration at 45℃, but there was no differences between the room temperature and sunlight exposure. The Sb migration in all simulated solution(deionized water, 4% acetic acid, and 20% ethanol) also increased with storage time and temperature. The Sb migration values ranged from 0.35 to 0.49 μg/L in all simulated solution, which was far below the permissible korean migration level of 40 μg/L. There was a tendency that the number of re-use of a bottle and the amount of leaching were in inverse proportion.
먹는물 중 Formaldehyde 분석방법 비교 및 적용성 평가
이연희 ( Youn Hee Lee ),박주현 ( Ju Hyun Park ),양미희 ( Mi Hee Yang ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),허유정 ( Yu Jeong Huh ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.1
In this study, the Korean standard method for unregulated drinking water containments was compared with internationally accredited standard methods. As a result of comparing various derivatization conditions, it was found that the derivatization time could be shortened from 2 hours to 30 minutes and that the reaction temperature could be decreased from 35±2oC to the room temperature. Formaldehyde (FA) derivatives (FA-PFBHA, FA-DNPH) were determined by GC/ECD, GC-MS and UV/VIS. The PFBHA-UV/VIS method was suggested as a substitute of the DNPH-UV/VIS approach. Blank samples were controlled more easily by the application of the PFBHA-UV/VIS method than of the DNPH-UV/VIS. In order to compare FA-DNPH and FA-PFBHA derivatization methods using HPLC/UV, bottled water was employed to assess the applicability to real samples. The assessment found that the correlation coefficients of the two methods were above 0.9. The use of spectrophotometer was considered another approach to determining FA in aqueous solution. Yellow FA compounds were determined while ammonium salt was contained in the same solution. An automated spectrophotometric analyzer was also tested. The result showed that this approach was highly applicable.
수돗물 부식성 제어를 통한 수도관 부식방지 : 부식억제제별 효과와 영향에 대한 분석
박영복 ( Young-bog Park ),박주현 ( Ju-hyun Park ),박은희 ( Eun-hee Park ),이진숙 ( Jin-suk Lee ),김현돈 ( Hyen-ton Kim ),최영준 ( Young-june Choi ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),허유정 ( Yu-jeong Huh ),최인철 ( In-cheol Choi ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2016 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.15 No.6
The tap water used in Seoul was found to be corrosive. Its corrosivity was effectively reduced by that the additions of alkali agent such as NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and corrosion inhibitor such as H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. For the corrosion test, carbon steel pipe 50 m long was exposed to the drinking water produced by a pilot plant at 36.5 ℃, similar to the existing process where it takes about 20 minutes to reduce the initial chlorine content of 0.5 ㎎/L to 0.05 ㎎/L. CO<sub>2</sub> and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was added not only to control the Langelier index (LI) above -1.0 and but also, to increase the duration time of residual chlorine by about 6 times. The persistence effect of residual chlorine was in the order of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> > Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> > NaOH. Measurements of weight loss showed that corrosion inhibition was effective in order of Ca (OH)<sub>2</sub> > H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> > NaOH > no addition, where the concentrations of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and phosphate were 5 ~ 10 ㎎/L (as Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and 1 ㎎/L (as PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>), respectively.
국가 R&D 사이버인프라로서의 클라우드 서비스에 관한 연구
함재균(Jaegyoon Hahm),정기문(Kimoon Jeong),정현미(Hyun Mi Jung) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.2
본 논문에서는 다양한 과학기술 분야의 연구자들이 R&D 수행에 있어서 필요한 인프라로서 클라우드 서비스를 활발히 이용하도록 하기 위해서 요구되는 정책적·기술적 개선 방안을 도출하였다. 이를 위해서 R&D를 위한 클라우드 서비스의 해외 사례를 조사하고, 국내 출연(연)·대학 등 연구현장의 다양한 분야의 연구자들로부터 클라우드 서비스에 대한 인식 조사 및 수요 분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 조사·분석 결과 과학기술 및 공학·ICT 등 다양한 분야의 연구에서 요구되는 수요를 충족할 수 있는 클라우드 서비스의 필요성을 도출하였으며, 보안 및 행정제도 등에 있어서도 개선점을 도출할 수 있었다. 연구를 통하여 우리는 국가 R&D를 수행하는 연구자들이 기존 클라우드 서비스에 대한 제약을 해소하고 더 나은 연구환경을 지원받도록 하기 위한 R&D 사이버인프라스트럭쳐로서의 클라우드 서비스를 제안하였다.
권서윤 ( Seo Yoon Kwon ),최은미 ( Eun Mi Choi ),임채근 ( Chae Guen Lim ),신동우 ( Dong Woo Shin ),김경필 ( Kyung Pil Kim ),권오경 ( Oh Kyung Kwon ),정현미 ( Hyun Mi Jeong ) 한국의류산업학회 2012 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.14 No.2
The purpose of this study is to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and wearing comfort of jumper for Korean military tank drivers through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and to provide basic data for developing its improved design. The survey was done for 477 military tank drivers and evaluation was performed using thermal manikin to measure insulation. The overall satisfaction for design of jumper for military tank driver was over 3.5 (likert scale). The overall satisfaction for fitness of jumper for military tank driver was also over 3.5. The satisfactions for material was between 2.39 and 3.13 and the satisfaction for pilling property was the lowest, followed by static property and shape stability after laundering. The satisfactions for movement suitability were standing (3.81), sitting (3, 38), raising hand (forward: 2.90, sideward: 3.01), respectively. In insulation evaluation of jumper for military tank drivers and outwears (jacket, jumper), the insulation of jumper for military tank drivers was lower than outwear (jumper) and same with outwear (jacket). The insulation in dynamic and still condition (without wind) of jumper for military tank driver was 0.37clo and 0.31clo, respectively. Its decreation rate in dynamic condition comparing to still condition was 59% which was lower than jacket (0.73clo) and jumper (1.15clo).
윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),임보라,류홍덕 ( Hongduck Ryu ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jeong ),최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2019 No.-
농업에서 작물재배시 토양의 생산력은 높을수록 좋지만, 농업배수로 인한 물에서는 생산력이 과할 경우 부영양화 상태에 이르고 물의 흐름이 원활하지 않는 정체수역에서는 수질오염으로 인한 부작용이 발생하게 된다. 현재 우리나라 하천과 호소의 비점오염원 가운데 수계환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 농약, 비료 및 농업배수와 같은 농업비점오염원에 대한 환경용량이 제대로 평가되지 않았으며 수질 관리에 앞서 오염원과 부하량에 대한 정량적인 평가가 선행되어야 한다. 환경동위원소를 이용한 오염원 추적 연구는 농업생태계 내에서 오염물질의 기원 및 경로를 추적하는데 유용하게 활용되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 질소, 탄소, 황 안정동위원소비를 사용하였다. 정량적인 평가를 위해서는 오염원의 대푯값(end-member)이 구축되어야하며 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 다양한 비료에서의 질소, 탄소, 황 안정동위원소비의 분석을 수행하였다. 질소안정동위원소비는 -3.7 ~ 17.8‰, 탄소안정동위원소비는 -45 ~ -3.7 ‰, 황 안정동위원소비는 -7.5 ~ 10.3 ‰의 범위로 분포하였다. 일반적으로 화학비료의 경우 질소 안정동위원소비는 5 ~0 ‰, 유기질 비료의 경우 10 ~ 20 ‰의 값을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으며 본 연구에서 분석된 비료의 경우 퇴비, 우분을 제외하고 대부분 화학비료의 값에 해당하는 질소 안정동위원소비의 범위를 보이고 있다. 탄소 안정동위원소비는 중국과 이란에서 제조된 비료가 -31‰ 과 -44‰로 매우 가벼운 값을 보이며 황 안정동위원소는 미국비료에서 10.3‰로 구별되고 이는 비료의 생산지에 따른 구분이 가능함을 시사한다. 따라서 더 많은 비료의 안정동위원소비 라이브러리 구축은 농업에 사용되고 있는 비료양의 정량적인 평가를 위한 기초단계에 기여할 것이다.
부유물질 포함 시료의 총 유기탄소(TOC) 분석을 위한 시료 전 처리 방법에 대한 연구
김소희 ( So-hui Kim ),박후원 ( Hoo Won Park ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),정동환 ( Dong-hwan Jeong ),허진 ( Jin Hur ),신현상 ( Hyun-sang Shin ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.2
This study investigated the effect of pretreatment on TOC measurement for samples containing high concentration of suspended solid organics. The experiment was performed in various treatment conditions (ultrasonic type and sonication time, dilution ratio and particle size for sieving etc.) with influents and effluents of eight sewage and/or livestock manure samples having a range of suspended soil (SS) concentrations (10~6,500 mg/L). At TOC concentration range over 200 mg/L, the probe-type sonicator (for 5 min in 200 mL) was more effective in reducing particle sizes of SS and increasing measured TOC value, compared to bath-type one (for 60 min in 2.0 L). TOC of the samples sieved by particle size of 200 μm was 10~20% higher than that of 100 μm, but similar to that of 300 μm, which suggest that either of 200 or 300 μm in size for sieving could be applied. Dilution of samples followed by sieving produced higher TOC values than the dilution after sieving procedure, and the difference was widen as the dilution ratio decreased (1/50 → 1/200). From the results, we suggest that the pretreatment procedures with ultrasonic crushing, dilution and sieving can effectively be applied to analyze TOC for high concentration of suspended solid-containing samples.
김근수,민병대,박수정,오정환,조익환,장석재,김지혜,박상민,박주현,정현미,안태영,정원화,Kim, Geun-Su,Min, Byung-Dae,Park, Su-Jeong,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Cho, Ik-Hwan,Jang, Seok-Jea,Kim, Ji-Hae,Park, Sang-Min,Park, Ju-Hyun,Chung, Hyen-Mi,Ahn, Tae-Yo The Microbiological Society of Korea 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4
정수처리 시설에서 급 배수관으로 많이 사용되는 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성되는 생물막의 특성에 대해 16주 동안 조사하였다. 생물막 반응기는 실제 배급수관의 구조와 유사하게 설계하였으며, 정수처리장으로 유입되는 상수원수와 약품혼화 응집수, 침전수, 여과수, 처리수를 사용하였다. 평균 종속영양세균수는 $1.6{\times}10^4CFU/ml$, $5.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.3{\times}10^2CFU/ml$, 1 CFU/ml로 각 처리 과정을 거치면서 감소하였다. 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성된 생물막 세균수는 원수, 응집수, 침전수에서 2주만에 $2.9{\times}10^3CFU/cm^2$ 이상으로 증가하였고, 동관보다 스테인리스관에서 생물막 세균수가 높게 검출되었다. 여과수(평균 잔류염소 0.44 mg/L)에서는 두 관 재질에 따른 생물막 세균수의 명확한 차이는 없었으며, 5주 이후부터 두 관재질 모두 $18CFU/cm^2$ 이하의 생물막 세균이 검출되었다. 정수(평균 잔류염소 0.88 mg/L)에서는 두 관 재질 모두 생물막 세균이 검출되지 않았다. DGGE 분석결과, 원수, 응집수, 침전수에서 스테인리스관은 Sphingomonadaceae가 우점이였고, 동관에서는 Bradyrhizobiaceae와 함께 Sphingomonadaceae도 우점이였다. 여과수의경우, 5주차 이후 스테인리스관과 동관에 형성된 생물막에서 Propionibacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 등과 유사한 16S rRNA 유전자 서열을 가지는 밴드들이 검출되었다. 종 풍부도 및 다양성은 동관에 비해 스테인리스관이 더 높게 나타났다. Biofilm formed on stainless and copper in water treatment plant was investigated for sixteen weeks. Biofilm reactor was specially designed for this study. It was similar to that of a real distribution pipe. Raw water, coagulated, settled, filtered and treated water were used in this study. The average number of heterotrophic bacteria counts was $1.6{\times}10^4CFU/ml$, $5.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.8{\times}10^3CFU/ml$, $1.3{\times}10^2CFU/ml$, 1 CFU/ml, respectively. Density of biofilm bacteria formed on stainless and copper pipes in raw, coagulated and settled water increased above $2.9{\times}10^3CFU/cm^2$ within second weeks while more biofilm bacteria counts were found on the stainless pipe than on the copper pipe. In case of filtered water (free residue chlorine 0.44 mg/L), there was no significant difference in the number of biofilm bacteria on both pipes and biofilm bacteria below $18CFU/cm^2$ were detected on both pipe materials after fifth weeks. Biofilm bacteria were not detected on both pipe materials in treated water (free residue chlorine 0.88 mg/L). According to the results of DGGE analysis, Sphingomonadacae was a dominant species of biofilm bacteria formed on the stainless pipe while the copper pipe had Bradyrhizobiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae as dominant bands. In case of filtered water, a few bands (similar to Propionibacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Escherichia sp., and etc.) that have 16S rRNA sequences were detected in biofilm bacteria formed on both pipes after fifth weeks. Stainless pipe had higher species richness and diversity than the copper pipe.