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이전경(Lee, Jeon-kyung) 구결학회 2012 구결연구 Vol.28 No.-
‘爲’는 그 의미가 다양하여 우리말로 번역될 때 다양한 양상을 보이는 한자이다. 여말 선초의 불경 중 음독구결 자료에 ‘爲’자에 약체 한자가 작은 글씨로 첨기되어 있는 자료들이 있다. 팬아시아 종이박물관 소장의 보물1153호 법화경과 연세대 중앙도서관 소장의 법화경 귀중본 647 및 능엄경 귀중본 622에 그러한 예가 나타난다. 사용된 글자들은 대체로 ‘三, ?, ?, 乍, 是/?, 當, 以, 寸’ 등이다. 이들은 ‘爲’자의 새김을 표시한 것으로 보인다. 특히 ‘三’은 석독구결에서 ‘爲’에 현토되는 것이다. 다른 글자들도 그 의미상 ‘爲’자와 관련된 것으로 쉽게 추측할 수 있다. 이글에서 이들의 분포와 용법을 소개하고 이것이 석독구결의 한 종류로 연구될 수 있도록 자료를 제공하여 ‘爲’의 독법에 대한 해결의 실마리를 제시하려 한다. ‘爲’ is a chinese character that has discrete meanings, and thus even its Korean translations seem to reflect such discrete senses of the character. Out of the Eumdok-gugyeol materials of the Buddist scriptures written in the end of the Ko-Ryo dynasty and the beginning of the Cho-Sun dynasty are found the documents that show small letters attached to the word ‘爲’. The Beophwa-Gyeong (Treasure n.1153) of Junju Hanji Musium and the Beophwa-Gyeong(guijungbon n.647) and Neungeom-Gyeong(guijungbon n. 622) of the Central Library of Yonsei University can be taken as examples. The small characters most frequently used are ‘三, ?, ?, 乍, 是/?, 當, 以, and 寸,’ and they seem meant to instruct the semantic readings(saegim) of the word ‘爲’. For example the character ‘三’ is attached to the word ‘爲’, in materials of Seokdok Gugyeol. And it is not hard to surmise that the rest of the characters should be somehow related to the word ‘爲’. The aims of this paper are to examine the locations and usages of these characters for the purpose of suggesting that these characters were employed as a way to indicate semantic readings which originated from Seokdok Gugyeol, and to offer a solution to reading ‘爲.’ Hopefully, this project that takes an in-depth and multidimensional investigation of one text will better illuminate the prevalent translation and learning methods utilized in the end of the Ko-Ryo dynasty and the beginning of the Cho-Sun dynasty.
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이전경 ( Jeon Kyung Lee ) 한말연구학회 2015 한말연구 Vol.- No.37
When it comes to the invention of Hunminjeongeum, it has been overlooked that the new letter system was purposely made to establish the throne of Joseon Dynasty. Here this untreated issues are dealt by reviewing several articles in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. In Section 2, the reasons why the Hunminjeongeum was invented are studied with the article of Feb 20 of 26 Annals. This article contains significant information about the process of inventing Hunminjeongeum and literary policies in the era of King Sejong as well. Thus reviewing the article led to revealing the dynamics between the king and his officials in the Royal Court which had neglected in previous studies. For example, appeals submitted by Choei Manri turned out to be the attempt to control the throne with the Sadae diplomatic policy and Confucianism. King Sejong however beat off the challenge by laying out logical bases, and it affected other counter arguments against the letter invention. Ever since these appeals had been dealt with, the literary policy went well. In Section 3, the historical background that needed new character system, Hunminjeongeum is mainly reviewed. In the early years of the Joseon Dynasty, the literary policy was established in relation to organizing national administrative systems domestically. It was also related with making its place in the East Asia internationally. The throne needed its authority recognized both internally and externally, so made its own character system and new Unseo(Dictionary of Proper Pronunciations) to achieve the goal effectively.
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이전경(Lee, Jeon Kyung) 고려대학교 한국학연구소 2013 한국학연구 Vol.44 No.-
이 글은 연세대 중앙도서관 소장 각필구결본 『묘법연화경』의 점토표기법을 밝히기 위한 연구의 일환으로 이 자료에 나타난 처격의 표기 양상을 살핀 것이다. 이 자료에는 처격조사로서 대체로 ‘?’와 ‘?’, ‘??’, ‘??’가 사용된다. 빈도로 보아 대표적인 처격은 ‘?’이며 나머지 표기들은 용법이 제한적이다. ‘??’의 용법은 유가사지론 계통과 동일하나 ‘??’의 분포가 제한적인 점, ‘??’를 시간 표기에 사용하는 점이 이 자료의 특징이 다. 처격의 ‘?’가 단독으로 사용된 용례나 존대 ‘??/??’는 확인되지 않는다. 다른 석독구결자료에서 나타나는 ‘??’의 예 또한 나타나지 않는다. 이 자료의 처격출현 양상에 한정하여 본다면 이 자료가 석독구결의 시대인 12~13세기 이후의 자료임을 추정해 볼 수 있다. 대체로 석독구결자료 중 오래된 것으로 보이는 화엄경에서만 특이 처격인 ‘??’가 나타나기 때문이다. ‘??’가 다수 현토된 ‘?時’의 예를 통해 시간명사 ‘끠?’표기 가능성을 제시하였다. 15세기의 언해본과 일치할 가능성이 있는 이 표기는 이 자료의 시기가 후대일 가능성을 높인다. Seokdok Kugyol is classified by Huayanjing (華嚴經) Type and Yuqieshidilun(瑜伽師地論) Type. The Code Kukyol, YonseiUniv. collecton, is in accordance with Code Kukyol system of Yuqieshidilun Type. Generally, ‘?’, ‘??’, ‘??’, ‘??’ are used as Locative Case. In terms of frequency, typical Locative Case is ‘?’, but the other cases are limitedly used. The usage of ‘??’ is similar to Yuqieshidilun Type, however, distribution of ‘??’ is limited, and use of ‘??’ as a time mark are the distinct features of this document. There are no examples that show exclusive use of locative case of ‘?’ and use of ‘??/??’ as an honorific word. Also, ‘??’, shown at the Seokdok Kugyol, is not appeared. In terms of Locative case apperance, the document is estimated to be made after 12~13 century, which is the Seokdok Kugyol age because ‘? ?’ is appeared only at Huayanjing which seemed to be the oldest Seokdok Kugyol. It suggests the possibility of the notation ‘?’ which is a timesnoun in 15 century, by example of ‘?時’ where lots of ‘??’ is attatched. Also, it shows that the material is made at the late period.
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이전경(Lee Jeon Kyung) 구결학회 2004 구결연구 Vol.13 No.-
각필점토구결 자료인 유가사지론 권8의 7장 1행부터 8장 22행까지의 점토를 정리해 보고 잠정적인 해독방안을 모색한 것이다. This paper surveys the overall textual structure of Yuqie shidi lun(瑜伽師地論) vol. 8, and presents a tentative decipherment and interpretation of cipher kugyols inscribed in a part of that volume.
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이전경(Lee Jeon-kyeong),하귀녀(Ha Kwi-nyeo),박진호(Park Jin-ho),황선엽(Hwang Seon-yeop) 한국사전학회 2006 한국사전학 Vol.- No.7
Kugyol is a linguistic mean for reading and interpreting texts written In Classical Chinese by inserting various grammatical elements such as verbal endings and case-markers, and so on. Kugyol can be sub-classified into pronunciation-based one and sense-based one: the former reads every kugyol character on the basis of the pronunciation of each chinese character and preserves the word order of original Chinese texts, whereas the latter reads some kugyol chrarcters on the basis of the sense of each chinese character and rearranges the word order according to ordering principles of Korean. In 2006, the dictionary of sense-based kugyol will be made, and the dictionary of pronunciation-based kugyol will be made in 2007. In 2006, some preliminary works for the dictionary of pronunciation-based kugyol will be preformed in parallel. For the compilation of these dictionaries, electronized corpus of relevant materials should be compiled, and tools for extracting examples from this corpus is needed. This tool has been developed for this project. In the case of sense-based kugyol, the electronic corpus had been compiled, but for the sake of convenience of selecting examples, we segmented each text into sentences of appropriate lengths. In the case of pronunciation-based dictionary, more and more materials are being electronized now. Some issues concerning the macro-structure of the dictionary of sense-based kugyol have been discussed. In case that various grammatical elements are concatenated, we should lemmatize this long kugyol as well as each sub-string. There are some disputes in relation to how to segment these complex kugyol strings. In addition, grammatical status and function of some kugyol elements are in dispute. In such cases, we will show more than one solution. The compilation of the Dcitionary of Kugyol will help study Ancient Korean, Buddhism in Korea Dynasty and Korea-Japan cultural interchanges in ancient times, etc.
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이전호 ( Lee Jeon-ho ),이창우 ( Lee Chang-woo ),이상수 ( Lee Sang-soo ) 한국건축시공학회 2021 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.21 No.1
With the prolonged Covid-19 epidemic, movement restrictions such as social distancing are prolonged, and as people stay indoors for a longer time, interest in indoor air pollution is increasing. Indoor air quality is not easily purified unlike outdoors. Among indoor building materials, paints and flooring contain formaldehyde that causes sick house syndrome and VOCs that contain carcinogenicity and harmfulness. For modern people who spend a lot of time living indoors for more than an hour, the occurrence of these harmful substances can be said to be fatal. In response to these risks, in July 2019, the government reinforced the standards for indoor air quality to protect the public's health by raising the detection standards for fine dust, ultrafine dust, and formaldehyde in indoor multi-use facilities. People use machines such as air purifiers to improve indoor air quality, or make efforts such as periodic ventilation. In order to reduce or support these other ancillary efforts more effectively, to reduce the generation of pollutants in the building itself, or to adsorb or purify pollutants in the air, use carbon black as an admixture to make a cement hardened body, and to grasp basic physical properties and adsorption capacity. And the result is as follows. As a result of the experiment to determine the appropriate amount of carbon black, it was confirmed that the more the amount of carbon black was added, the better it was in the formaldehyde emission test, but the tendency was not clear when measuring the flexural strength, so a further experiment to improve this is needed.
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