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      • KCI등재

        Electrohydraulic Pump-Driven Closed-Loop Blood Pressure Regulatory System

        안재목,Ahn, Jae-Mok The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.4

        An electrohydraulic (EH) pump-driven closed-loop blood pressure regulatory system was developed based on flow-mediated vascular occlusion using the vascular occlusive cuff technique. It is very useful for investigating blood pressure-dependant physiological variability, in particular, that could identify the principal mediators of renal autoregulation, such as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and myogenic (MYO), during blood pressure regulation. To address this issue, renal perfusion pressure (RPP) should be well regulated under various experimental conditions. In this paper, we designed a new EH pump-driven RPP regulatory system capable of implementing precise and rapid RPP regulation. A closed-loop servo-controlwas developed with an optimal proportional plus integral (PI) compensation using the dynamic feedback RPP signal from animals. An in vivo performance was evaluated in terms of flow-mediated RPP occlusion, maintenance, and release responses. Step change to 80 mmHg reference from normal RPP revealed steady state error of ${\pm}3%$ during the RPP regulatory period after PI action. We obtained rapid RPP release time of approximately 300 ms. It is concluded that the proposed EH RPP regulatory system could be utilized in in vivo performance to study various pressure-flow relationships in diverse fields of physiology, and in particular, in renal autoregulation mechanisms.

      • KCI등재

        RSA분석과 자율신경기능을 평가하는 호흡주기 설정에 관한 연구

        이상명,이성준,안재목,김점근,Lee, Sang-Myung,Lee, Sung-Jun,Ahn, Jae-Mok,Kim, Jeom-Keun 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.4

        Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data), but cardiovascular system governed by ANS is in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation. It is known as RSA representing respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Because the mechanism linking the variability of HR to respiration is complex, it has so far been unknown well. In this paper, we tried to evaluate 5-min RR interval segments under control of respiration in order to find out a proper respiration rate that can estimate the ANS function. 10 healthy volunteers were included to evaluate 5-min HRV data under 4 different respiration-controlled environments; 0.03Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.2Hz, and 0.4Hz respiration. HRV data were analyzed both in the frequency and the time domain, with cross-correlation coefficient(cross-coeff.) for HRV and respiration signal. The results showed maximum cross-coeff. of 0.84 at 0.1 Hz and minimum that of 0.16 at 0.4Hz respiration. Cross-coeff was decreased at a faster rate from 0.1Hz respiration. All mean SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 of time domain measures were 108.7ms, 71.85ms, and 28.47%, respectively, and LF, HF, and TP of frequency domain measures were $12,722ms^2,\;658.8ms^2$, and $7,836.64ms^2$ at 0.1Hz respiration, respectively. In conclusion, 0.1Hz respiration was observed to be very meaningful from time domain and frequency domain analysis in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation of the heart.

      • KCI등재

        제 3 대구치 발치시 환자의 호흡 패턴이 스트레스 변화 양상에 미치는 영향

        이상명,김형욱,박양호,김진철,박준우,이성준,안재목,Rhee, Sang-Myung,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Park, Yang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Park, Jun-Woo,Rhee, Sung-Jun,Nyamdorj, Selenge,Ahn, Jae-Mok 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

        Purpose: Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data). It is known as RSA which represents respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Previous studies demonstrated a specific breathing pattern(0.1Hz, 6breaths/min) to improve a physiological body condition related to the stress. In this paper, the level of stress would be evaluated in terms of three phases of the dental treatment, combined with 6breaths/min. Methods: These phases include before, during and after tooth extraction or anesthesia or something.36 patients' stresses were assessed using HRV stress analyzer in each phase in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center from Jun. to Sept. of 2007. HRV 5-min data collected were analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain to evaluate the activity of autonomic nervous system(ANS) which represents the level of stress. Results: All HRV parameters including HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency) and LF/HF ratio showned a significant change affecting the ANS balance. There was a 6.4% difference between R(LF/HF)s on general breathing pattern for balance of Autonomic nervous system, but on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz, was made narrow till 1.4%. The activity of ANS has increased by 1.4% on general breathing pattern, and by 2.9% on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz. Conclusion: After analysis of preoperative stress changes and effect of breathing pattern of 0.1 Hz on the stress in 36 patients who have undergone third molar extraction, following was concluded. In the preoperative stage, the sympathetic change was the greatest?after the?anesthetic injection, and stress was relieved by controlling the breathing pattern to a frequency of 0.1Hz.

      • KCI등재후보

        측두하악장애를 보이는 부정교합 환자의 심박변이도를 통한 자율신경계의 활성도 분석

        김윤지(Yoon-Ji Kim),복규석(Gyu-Seok Bok),김대성(Dae-Sung Kim),조형준(Hyung-Jun Cho),홍지숙(Ji-Suk Hong),안재목(Jae-Mok Ahn),박양호(Yang-Ho Park) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.1

        본 연구는 부정교합을 가지는 환자에서 측두하악장애에 따른 HRV (heart rate variability)의 차이 및 자율신경계의 변화를 관찰하여 스트레스와 측두하악관절 장애와의 상관관계를 확인하고 부정교합 환자의 육체적, 심리적 스트레스를 평가하고자 하였다. 만 20세 이상 40세 미만의 성인 부정교합자 74명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이들 중 측두하악장애의 증상을 보이는 환자들은 실험군으로 분류하였고 측두하악장애의 증상을 보이지 않는 성인 교정환자들을 대조군으로 분류하여 모든 환자에서 HRV를 5분간 측정하였다. 시간 영역 분석 결과 자율신경계의 인체 조절 능력을 반영하는 SDNN (standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals), RMSSD (The square root of the mean of the squared), pNN50(NN50 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals)이 실험군에서 낮게 나타났고 주파수 영역 분석결과 자율신경계의 활성도를 반영하는 TP (total power), LF (PSD in low frequency), HF (PSD in low frequency) 역시 실험군에서 낮게 나타났으며, 자율신경계의 균형도를 나타나내는 R (ratio of LF/HF)은 실험군과 대조군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. HRV를 이용한 자율신경계 분석은 자율신경계의 활성도 및 균형도를 평가하여 측두하악장애를 보이는 부정교합 환자의 치료 접근 시 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference of heart rate variability (HRV) depending on the presence of symptoms related to temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and analyze the validity and clinical relevance from 5-minute HRV data in assessing the psychosocial factors that may contribute to the etiology of the TMD. 74 patients with malocclusion aged from 20 to 40 were divided into two groups depending on the presence of TMD-related symptoms (Group A consists of malocclusion patients who had TMD symptoms and group B has malocclusion patients with no symptoms), and in both groups 5-minute HRV was measured. As a result of time-domain analysis, SDNN (standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals), RMSSD (The square root of the mean of the squared) and pNN50 (NN50 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals) were lower in group A, and the frequency-domain analysis also showed lower PSD values of TP (total power), LF (PSD in low frequency) and HF (PSD in low frequency) in group A. R (ratio of LF and HF) was in the normal range in both groups. HRV is a useful diagnostic tool that can be used to assess the psychosocial factors of TMD in malocclusion patients. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:41∼49)

      • 상업용 TCI 장비들의 기계적 수행오차 비교

        길호영,이현화,한태현,박훈,이정은,이종희,최국영,안재목 대한정맥마취학회 2002 정맥마취 Vol.6 No.1

        Background: The objectives of the present study were to assess the mechanical performance error of the three commercially available target controlled infusion devices incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters proposed by Marsh et al. for the administration of propofol. Methods: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, forty-five ASA 1 or 2 adult patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were participated in this study. Atropine 0.5 mg was injected for premedication. Subjected TCI devices were "A", "B", "C" devices. Anesthesia was induced by a TCI of propofol with a target concentration of 6 ㎍/㎖ and maintained around 3-5 ㎍/㎖ according to the bispectral index (35-45). In he middle of surgery, target concentrations were increased to 6 ㎍/㎖ and maintained until pseudo-steady state with the effect site concentration. Three minutes after equilibration, 3 ml of blood was drawn from the radial artery for measuring blood concentration using HPLC. Target concentrations were gradually decreased at the interval of 1 ㎍/㎖ until the end of surgery and a blood sample was drawn as described in the above. A sample for every 1 ㎍/㎖ was collected in the recovery room. Performance error of the predicted concentration of blood was calculated as measured-predicted concentration/predicted concentration × 100. Results: "A" and "C" TCI showed acceptable performance error within 30%, however the degree of error was higher in "B". And "B" TCI showed more than acceptable performance error in low target concentration and showed transition of error at higher concentration (5-6 ㎍/㎖) compared to "A" and "C" TCI. Conclusions: "A" and "C" TCI showed more acceptable mechanical performance error than "B" TCI device.

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