암모니아와 물 존재 하에서 전자빔조사에 의한 SO₂ 및 NO_x의 동시제거를 위한 연속건식공정

배준석,김혜영,김병남,원양수,한도훙 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

An electron beam radiation technology was adapted to remove SO₂ and NO_(x) simultaneously, which leaded to the production of an ammonium sulfate and an amonium nitrate in an existence of ammonia and water or ammonium hydroxide. Removal efficiencies of both SO₂ and NO_(x) were influenced by irradiated dose, inlet gaseous temperature and concentrations of water and ammonia (or ammonium hydroxide). The removal efficiency of SO₂ and NO_(x) could reach up to 95% at 10 - 20 kGy, when adding ammonia or ammoniun hydroxide with at least more than the stoichiometric ratio based on SO₂ and NO_(x) concentrations. In gas flow rates ranged from 2.5 to 20 liter/min, the removal efficiencies of SO₂ and NO_(x) showed nearly unchangeable values. The optimum reaction temperature were ranged from 90 to 100 ℃.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy in the Upper and Midthoracic Spine: A Technical Note

배준석,Sourabh Chachan,신상하,이상호 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1

Despite the successful application of percutaneous endoscopic thoracic discectomy (PETD), its technical feasibility and outcomes for symptomatic upper and midthoracic disc herniation have not been reported yet. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the feasibility of the percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic approach to remove disc herniations in the upper and midthoracic spine. Fourteen consecutive patients (mean age, 42.4 years; 12 males, 2 females) who underwent PETD were included in the analysis. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation using the standard endoscopy instrument set. The transforaminal approach combined with foraminoplasty was used to access the herniated areas. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and the modified MacNab criteria. Four discectomies were performed at T2–3, 5 at T3–4, and 5 at T5–6. The mean follow-up period was 43.4 months, and all patients showed statistically significant postoperative improvement (VAS: 7.3 to 2.3, ODI: 53.5 to 16.9, p<0.05 for all). No serious complications were reported during follow-up. PETD for upper and midthoracic disc herniation is a feasible and effective minimally invasive treatment option with favorable clinical results.

헤지펀드와 시스템리스크에 관한 고찰 —최근 미국의 사례를 중심으로—

배준석 한국금융법학회 2008 金融法硏究 Vol.5 No.2

Hedge funds are in the center of the American sub-prime mortgage crisis that led to the world’s financial crisis. These are funds that have the potential to significantly disrupt financial markets because they are managed outside regulation. Hedge funds have a high risk of default since they use greatly speculative and highly-leveraged investment strategies. If these go into default, the related counterparties are in danger of liquidity deficiency. A hedge fund’s default can set off a chain reaction of bankruptcies of counterparties, paralyzing the entire financial system. This is called systemic risk, and it can lead to crisis in the entire market. One policy issue regarding hedge funds is investor protection. Investor protection is needed because of the high risk-high return strategies of hedge funds. Regulation is essential for investor protection, but it also obstructs the development of the hedge fund industry. Investors in hedge funds consist of institutional investors and a small number of individuals who invest huge amounts of money. These investors have the ability to analyze and evaluate the characteristics and risks of their investments. So, compared to other funds, hedge funds have a lower need for investor protection. Another policy issue, which is more significant with regard to hedge funds, is systemic risk prevention. Financial supervisory authorities may avert systemic risks by monitoring the management of hedge funds. They can also impose reporting duties on counterparties when hedge funds are in danger of default. It is desirable that supervisory authorities prevent crises well in advance. However, these authorities have limited tools for systemic risk prevention since hedge funds are basically outside regulation. Ultimately, a central bank’s liquidity provision can protect against systemic risks. When liquidity problems in financial markets are serious, the central bank as lender of last resort can provide the solution, since it has the right to issue the country’s money. Yet central banks hesitate to serve as lender of last resort. The fear is for the moral hazard of market participants if the banks frequently take the role of lender of last resort. If market participants expect the central bank to solve problems that result from their own lax management, it would be an obstacle to the sound management of financial institutions. Nevertheless, the Bank of Korea, Korea’s central bank, should prepare to play the role of lender of last resort. The Korean government is going to permit hedge funds to be established in Korea. This requires preparation of legal supports such as the ability of the central bank to access a wide range of information. As a comparison, the Federal Reserve Board, the U.S. central bank, has played a major role in systemic risk prevention since the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Looking at American examples, including the Fed policies, provides useful suggestions for anticipating the introduction of hedge funds to the Bank of Korea and the Korean economy. Hedge funds are in the center of the American sub-prime mortgage crisis that led to the world’s financial crisis. These are funds that have the potential to significantly disrupt financial markets because they are managed outside regulation. Hedge funds have a high risk of default since they use greatly speculative and highly-leveraged investment strategies. If these go into default, the related counterparties are in danger of liquidity deficiency. A hedge fund’s default can set off a chain reaction of bankruptcies of counterparties, paralyzing the entire financial system. This is called systemic risk, and it can lead to crisis in the entire market. One policy issue regarding hedge funds is investor protection. Investor protection is needed because of the high risk-high return strategies of hedge funds. Regulation is essential for investor protection, but it also obstructs the development of the hedge fund industry. Investors in hedge funds consist of institutional investors and a small number of individuals who invest huge amounts of money. These investors have the ability to analyze and evaluate the characteristics and risks of their investments. So, compared to other funds, hedge funds have a lower need for investor protection. Another policy issue, which is more significant with regard to hedge funds, is systemic risk prevention. Financial supervisory authorities may avert systemic risks by monitoring the management of hedge funds. They can also impose reporting duties on counterparties when hedge funds are in danger of default. It is desirable that supervisory authorities prevent crises well in advance. However, these authorities have limited tools for systemic risk prevention since hedge funds are basically outside regulation. Ultimately, a central bank’s liquidity provision can protect against systemic risks. When liquidity problems in financial markets are serious, the central bank as lender of last resort can provide the solution, since it has the right to issue the country’s money. Yet central banks hesitate to serve as lender of last resort. The fear is for the moral hazard of market participants if the banks frequently take the role of lender of last resort. If market participants expect the central bank to solve problems that result from their own lax management, it would be an obstacle to the sound management of financial institutions. Nevertheless, the Bank of Korea, Korea’s central bank, should prepare to play the role of lender of last resort. The Korean government is going to permit hedge funds to be established in Korea. This requires preparation of legal supports such as the ability of the central bank to access a wide range of information. As a comparison, the Federal Reserve Board, the U.S. central bank, has played a major role in systemic risk prevention since the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Looking at American examples, including the Fed policies, provides useful suggestions for anticipating the introduction of hedge funds to the Bank of Korea and the Korean economy.

Brightness 기능을 갖는 컬러 스페이스 컨버터 설계에 관한 연구

배준석,박노경,문대철 한국음향학회 1998 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

본 논문에서는 기존의 단방향 컬러 스페이스 컨버터(Color Space Converter)를 양방 향으로 변환하는 것뿐만 아니라, 기존의 디코더, 엔코터 및 모니터 등이 가지고 있는 Brightness 기능을 갖도록 변환 행렬 계수를 임의로 조정할 수 있는 컬러 스페이스 컨버터 를 설계하였다. 이러한 변환 계수 자체를 조정하여 휘도 및 색차 신호에 변화를 주는 방법 은 새롭게 제안한 방법으로 계수의 조정은 ROM형태를 이용하여 향후 인터페이스 부분을 부가하여 소프트웨어적으로 제어할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Brightness 기능을 갖는 컬러 스페이스 컨버터는 저가의 멀티미디어 비디오 관련 시스템을 구현할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다.

척추성형술로 치유한 K?mmell's Disease 환자 1예

배준석,이종남,박영철,조인찬 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.2

=A Case of Delayed Post-traumatic Vertebral Collapse (Kummell's Disease) Treated by VertebroplastyA case report Jun Seok Bae, M.D., Jong Nam Lee, M.D., Young Chul Park, M.D., and In Chan Cho, M.D.*

항인지질항체증후군을 동반한 전신홍반루푸스 환자에서 생긴 반복적인 일과성 단안실명 1예

배준석,김지언,권영미,김성제,최정윤,김채기,이동국 대한신경과학회 2002 대한신경과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy and Microscopic Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation

배준석,김지상,이상호,김진성 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD) and microscopic discectomy (MD) for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH). Methods: Seventy-seven patients (mean, 55.9 years; follow-up, 11.2 months) with symptomatic TDH were retrospectively reviewed (39 TETD and 38 MD). Radiological factors and perioperative outcomes were reviewed. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale were used to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using modified MacNab criteria. Results: The levels of surgery and the location of hernia were evenly distributed in the both groups. The operative time (70.6 minutes vs. 175.7 minutes), estimated blood loss (3.8 mL vs. 357.4 mL), and length of hospital stay (7.0 days vs. 13.0 days) were significantly different between the TETD and MD groups (p < 0.05). VAS scores for dorsal back pain and ODI scores were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent TETD tended to be more satisfied with the outcome in terms of the modified MacNab criteria (89.7% vs. 73.0%, p = 0.059). Two patients in the MD group underwent revision surgery, whereas one patient in the TETD group underwent MD because of incomplete decompression. Conclusion: TETD for the symptomatic TDH is a feasible and safe procedure that could be used for a wider range of surgical levels with a shorter operative time and hospital stay and less blood loss. While achieving similar outcomes, TETD achieved better patient satisfaction because of the use of local anesthesia and its minimal invasiveness.

양방향성 Scan Rate Converter 설계에 관한 연구 ( Study on Design of Bidirectional Scan Rate Converter )

배준석,이주석,고학림,박노경,문대철 대한전자공학회 1996 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.7

Building a Successful Practice of Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Learning, Setting the Goal, and Expanding the Border

배준석,김진성 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3

.

Correlation of Paraspinal Muscle Mass With Decompensation of Sagittal Adult Spinal Deformity After Setting of Fatigue Post 10-Minute Walk

배준석,Ashwin Sathe,이세민,Alexander A. Theologis,Vedat Deviren,이상호 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spinopelvic parameters before and after the setting of muscle fatigue along with its correlation with pre-existing paraspinal and psoas muscle mass. Methods: Single-center retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on 145-adults with symptomatic loss of lumbar lordosis (LL). Radiographs were taken before and after walking for 10 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate paraspinal muscle (PSM) cross-sectional area (CSA), mean signal intensity, fatty infiltration (FI), and lean muscle mass at thoracolumbar junction (T12) and lower lumbar level (L4). Psoas CSA was calculated at L3. Patients were divided into 2 groups namely compensated sagittal deformity (CSD) (SVA ≤4 cm, PT>20°) and decompensated sagittal deformity (DSD) (SVA>4 cm, PT>20°) based on prewalk measurements. Results: Initial mean SVA was 1.8 cm and 11 cm for CSD and DSD respectively (p<0.01). After walking, significant deteriorations in SVA, PT–LL (p<0.01) were observed in CSD without significant change in thoracic kyphosis (TK). All sagittal parameters in DSD deteriorated significantly. DSD group had significantly poorer PSM quality at T12 and L4 compared to CSD group. In CSD group, sagittal decompensation correlated with muscle quality, i.e., decreases in LL (ΔLL) correlated with CSA of PSM/vertebral body (VB) at L4 (r= -0.412, p=0.046) while increases in TK (ΔTK) correlated with CSA of PSM/VB at T12 (r=0.477, p=0.018). ΔSVA and ΔPT correlated with FI at L4 (r=0.577, p=0.003 and r=-0.407, p=0.048, respectively). DSD group, had weak correlations (-0.3<r<-0.1) between changes in sagittal and PSM parameters. Conclusion: PSM quality in adults with spinal deformity correlates with patients’ ability to maintain an upright posture and sagittal decompensation after walking for 10 minutes.