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A Trend Analysis on the Scale Efficiency of the Port of Gwangyang: 1994-2004
박노경 한국항만경제학회 2006 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.22 No.3
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trend on scale efficiency of the Port of Gwangyang from 1994 to 2004 using CCR, BCC, and Malmquist index approaches. The main results are as follows. First, scale efficiency shows a 50% similar[5(94/95, 95/96, 97/98, 2001/2002, 2003/2004) out of 10] pattern to technical efficiency change. Second, total factor productivity increased at 48.57% rate of growth on average in 6 out of 10 periods except 96/97, 97/98, 99/2000, and 2000/2001. 2003/2004 period is the one period experiencing rapid total factor productivity changes, mainly due to technical progress. Third, the ranking order of accumulative indices is scale efficiency change, TFP change, efficiency change, technical change, and pure efficiency change. The main policy implication of this paper is that according to the CCR, BCC, and Malmquist results, the Port of Gwangyang should develop the plan for enhancing the 5 Malmquist indices with following the management way of benchmarking ports. 광양항의 규모효율성 추세분석: 1994-2004박노경본 논문은 1994년-2004년까지 2개의 투입물(접안능력, 하역능력)과 2개의 산출물(수출입화물처리량, 입출항척수)을 이용하여 DEA방법(CCR, BCC)과 맴퀴스트지수방법에 의거하여 광양항의 규모효율성의 추세를 분석하였다. 실증분석의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 광양항의 맴퀴스트효율성은 기술적 효율성, 규모효율성, 총요소생산성변화측면에서 상승하는 추세를 보였주었다. 그러나 기술변화는 2003년과 2004년 사이에 급격하게 증가하였음에도 불구하고 기술변화와 순수효율성변화는 하락하였다. 95/96, 97/98, 2001/2002, 2003/2004년의 높은 규모효율성이 그 원인이 되었다. 둘째, 규모효율성은 기술적 효율성변화와 10개년의 기간 중에서 50% 수준에서 유사한 추세를 보였다. 그러한 규모효율성변화는 94/95, 95/96, 96/97, 97/98년의 규모수확불변하의 기술적 효율성변화와 99/2000, 2002/2003년의 규모수확가변하의 순수 효율성변화에 기인한다. 셋째, 총요소생산성은 6개년의 기간에서 48.57%의 성장률로 증가하였는데, 그 주요한 원인은 98/99, 99/2000, 2000/2001, 2003/2004년의 기술적 진보에 기인하였다. 넷째, 누적 맴퀴스트지수의 순위는 규모효율성변화, 총요소생산성변화, 종합효율성변화, 기술적변화, 순수효율성변화의 순서였다. 본 논문의 정책적인 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 순수기술적 효율성변화와 규모효율성변화가 기술적 효율성변화에 미친 효과는 긍정적이었다. 규모수확불변 하에서 규모효율성이 순수기술효율성변화보다도 더욱 영향력이 컸다. 따라서, 광양항의 기술적효율성을 증대시키기 위해서는 항만당국이 투입-산출요소의 비효율적 요인을 확인한 후에 효율적으로 관리하는 방안을 마련해야만 한다.둘째, 총요소생산변화에서의 12.4%의 평균성장율은 16.3%의 기술적효율성에 기인한다. 따라서 총요소생산성을 증대시키기 위해서는 항만당국은 투입-산출요소를 획기적으로 사용하는 방안에 대한 지식을 확산시키는데 제도적 장애요인을 제거하여야만 한다. 셋째, 광양항은 규모효율성을 높이기 위해서는 DEA분석을 통해서 발견된 벤치마킹항만들(대산항,옥포항,울산항)의 항만관리방법을 도입해야만 한다.
박노경 한국해운물류학회 2004 해운물류연구 Vol.43 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the self diagnosis method(SDM) for environmental management of Korean seaports according to the previous researches by ESPO(2001), and Darbra et al.(2003). The SDM is essentially based on a checklist which concentrates on the status of the port's environmental management. The main objective is to review management activities and procedures with regard to the environment, and the way that the port authority currently deals with its significant environmental aspects. The results should comprise a list of points for attention, and can be used to detail the port's environmental strategy and to report the results obtained. Therefore, the SDM model can give several benefits to the seaports for improving the environmental management. Survey of actual condition for environmental management in Korean seaports by using the information in the internet websites showed us that the SDM designed by ESPO(2001), and Darbra et al.(2003) is easily applicable to the Korean seaports also. Korean seaports have shown the weakness in terms of items about resources and budget, responsibility for the environmental problems, external communication, manuals, emergency case, monitoring, and auditing. Therefore, the policy making for introduction of SDM by The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries should follow immediately. 본 논문은 유럽과 선진국학자들에 의해서 개발된 항만의 환경관리를 위한 자가진단방법(SDM)을 새롭게 소개하고 실험적으로 국내항만들에 적용하였다. 특히, 국내의 기존연구들이 제시하지 못했던, 항만의 환경관리를 위한 자가진단방법에 대해서, ESPO와 Darbra 등의 방법에 근거하여 소개한 후에, 가상적으로 국내항만들에 적용함으로써 국내항만들의 자가진단방법의 사용가능성과 도입촉구를 주장하였다. 실제로 적용을 해 본 결과, 환경정책에 대한 자원과 예산, 환경에 대한 책임, 외부커뮤니케이션, 환경관리지침, 위급상황에 대한 계획, 환경감사부분에서 국내항만들은 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 갈수록 중요성을 더해가고 있는 항만환경관리를 위해서는, 보다 과학적인 선진국모형(항만자가진단모형)을 도입하는 것이 항만환경관리를 더욱 효율적으로 운영할 수 있도록 만든다는 점을 강조하였다.
박노경 한국무역학회 2007 한국무역학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to exarmne the tolerance and incidence by usmg DEA(data envelopment analysis) method with 23 Korean seaports data( 1 input, and 3 output model). The essential objective for the tolerance analysis is to measure how the objective is far in efficiency for each port, what is the excess or shortage in each input or output. Incidence analysis can determine the specific weight of the inputs modifications in the efficiency index value, in other words, the index value variation when the input value changes. The empirical main results are as follows: First, tolerance variations for input and output are 2.46% of cargo handling capacity, 8.36% of export cargo quantity, 4.04% of import cargo quantity, and 2.95% of ship calls. Second, 20% of efficiency reduction of all ports when 25% of input ratio is increased is appeared by using 1995 data except The Ports of Mogpo, Wando, Gohyun, and Jeju. 33.33% of efficiency increases was shown when 25% of input ratio is reduced. Third, the efficiency of efficient ports except The Port of Mogpo are constant without change when the input is increased or reduced. The policy implication of this paper is that seaport manager or planner should consider or arrange the range of the inputs or outputs variation ratio when enhancing the efficiency of each port by using tolerance and incidence analysis suggested by this paper.
박노경 한국무역학회 2006 Journal of Korea trade Vol.10 No.3
This paper shows the trend of competitive positioning of 26 Korean ports in 1994, 1999, and 2003 by using a BCG matrix which consists of relative market shares, and growth rate of cargo handling. It also uses the growth rate, CCR and BCC efficiency scores with scale efficiency scores in the vertical and horizontal axes. The empirical main results are as follows. First, the big seaports in Korea (Incheon Port, Gwangyang Port, Busan Port, and Woolsan Port) show their competitive positioning in terms of market share and growth rate. Second, it was noted from Incheon Port, Pyungtag Port, Daesan Port, Gwangyang Port, Tongyoung Port, Gohyun Port, Okpo Port, Busan Port, Woolsan Port, and Samcheog Port that they gained their competitive positioning in 2004 through of growth rate and CCR and BCC efficiency scores. Third, Pyungtag Port, Daesan Port, Tongyoung Port, Gohyun Port, Okpo Port, Samcheog Port, Woolsan Port, Mookho Port, and Okgae Port have their competitive positioning through growth rate and scale efficiency scores.The main policy implication of this paper is to emphasize that the BCG matrix method used in this paper can give seaport managers the basic information for planning future port management to enhance competitive position among Korean seaports.
PC-based DAB 수신기용 USB Interface Bridge 설계 및 구현
박노경,진현준,박상봉,김상복,한성호,이상철,Park, Nho-Kyung,Jin, Hyun-Joon,Park, Sang-Pong,Kim, Sang-Pok,Han, Sung-Ho,Lee, Sang-Chul 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.2a
Generally, DAB systems are divided into two categories, a stand-alone type and a PC/PDA-based type. The PC/PDA-based type has less mobility comparing to the stand-alone type, nevertheless, it has the advantage of using memory, audio/video decoder, or other resources of PC/PDA. The DAB receiver implemented in this paper is a PC-based receiver system employing USB interface. The USB interface bridge is designed using FPGA and EZ-USB development kit and the implemented DAB receiver adopts the bridge and makes use of the stand-alone typed DRK-026 receiver for experiments. The USB interface bridge transforms serial data into USB packets and all of related signals are controlled by hardware logics. The operation of the implemented DAB receiver is verified by sending audio data into the PC for decoding through USB interface bridge. 일반적으로 DAB 시스템은 크게 stand-alone 방식과 PC/PDA 기반 방식으로 구분할 수 있다. PC/PDA 기반 방식은 stand-alone 방식에 비하여 휴대성이 떨어지나 연결된 PC/PDA의 메모리와 오디오/비디오 디코더 등 다양한 리소스를 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서 구현한 DAB 수신기는 USB 인터페이스를 이용한 PC 기반의 수신기 시스템으로 USB 인터페이스 브리지는 FPGA와 EZ-USB 개발 키트를 이용하여 설계하였으며 실험을 위하여 기존의 stand-alone 방식의 DRK-026 DAB 수신기를 이용하여 PC 기반의 수신기를 구현하였다. USB 인터페이스 브리지는 시리얼 데이터를 USB 패킷 형태로 변환시켜주며 모든 신호는 하드웨어적으로 제어한다. 구현한 PC 기반 DAB 수신기의 동작 여부는 DAB 수신기로부터 오디오 데이터를 수신하여 USB 인터페이스를 통하여 PC에 전송한 후 디코딩 기능을 수행하는 것으로 확인하였다.
국내 항만환경관리 최적평가모형 개발, 실증적 적용, 분석 및 웹사이트 구축에 관한 연구
박노경 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to develop the optimal evaluation model for the environmental management of domestic seaports which are faced with the reduction of greenhouse gases because of the effectuation of Paris climate agreement, also evaluate the optimal evaluation model by the environmental managers of 11 regional offices of Ocean and Fisheries who participated to the evaluation through the website which are constructed newly. The main results of this paper are as follows. First, the European evaluation models (SDM, PERS, EMS, TEIP and TEAP) by ESPO, American model(EMH) by AAPS, Japanese model by Japanese Law of ports and harbours, Guidelines of Environmental Aspects Survey in Seaport Area by Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries are used. Second, optimal evaluation model consists of followings: air quality, energy consumption, noise, water quality, operation of dredging, earth and sand, port waste, land related port development, relationship with local community, ship’s waste, climate change, port environmental policy, operation, organization, port environmental training, cargo loading and unloading, and port security environmental management. Third, the number 2 of regional office of oceans and fisheries shows the top ranking in the port environmental management. Air quality which is the most important item of the climate change was not managed in the domestic ports. Fourth, website address for environmental evaluation is http://www.chosun.ac.kr/~nkpark. The policy implication is that Korean seaport authority should introduce the specific port environmental management plan to cope with the Paris climate change agreement. 본 논문은 파리기후협약이 발효됨에 따라서 온실가스 감축을 해야만 하는 국내항만들의 환경관리 최적평가모형을 개발하고, 11개 해양수산청의 환경관리 담당자들을 대상으로 적용하였으며, 그 결과를 분석하였다. 주요한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 항만의 환경관리 평가모형은 유럽의 ESPO가 SDM, PERS, EMS, TEIP, TEAP를 잘 운영하고 있었으며, 미국은 AAPS의 EMH, 한국은 항만구역 환경실태 조사 지침, 일본은 특별한 평가모형 없이, 항만법에 규정한 내용대로 시행을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 항만의 최적평가모형은 평가요소는 14개(대기품질, 에너지소비, 소음, 수질, 준설토사운영, 항만쓰레기, 토지와 관련된 항만개발, 지역사회와의 관계, 선박쓰레기, 기후변화, 항만환경정책 운영과 조직, 항만환경관리훈련, 화물하역, 항만안전환경관리)사항, 평가사항은 106 개로 구성하였다. 셋째, 11개 지방해양수산청에 적용해 본 결과 2번 지방해양수산청이 항만환경관리를 가장 잘 하고 있었으나, 기후변화협약과 관련된 대기품질관리는 매우 저조하였다. 넷째, 항만환경관리를 평가 할 수 있는 웹사이트는 http://www.chosun.ac.kr/~nkpark에 구축하였다.
박노경 한국경영사학회 2002 經營史學 Vol.29 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical perspectives on M&As of Korean banks during 1910~2000 by classifying the periods according to the bank M&A cases, and suggesting the special characters of bank M&As with the outline of the stage of bank development. From the early stage of national economic development including the compulsory occupation by Japanese government after 1910, banks in Korea have not effectively played their role as banking mediators and rather served as the subordinate institute of the government. Recently, many banks acknowledge the need for M&A to survive the rapidly changing financial environment. In the past, poor-performing banks were merged and acquired by other banks, but today. M&A is expanding to the business of difference services or nations. After December 7, 1997, in order to fulfil the requirements of the IMF, the government is intervening into the banking market for M&As among banking institutes in order to shut down financially unsound banking institutes. And also, after January 1,2000, the second M&As among banks are one of the most urgent pending issues in Korea. As shown in the case of Seoul Trust Bank in 1976, however, M&As between the banks do not always guarantee a success. The analysis of cases shows that results of M&As differ depending upon how the related jobs such as absorption and lay-off of manpower and integrating of computer system have been actively and effectively tackled. The major findings of this paper is as follows: First, the bank M&As in Korea can be classified into 3 periods : bank M&As during 1920~1940, bank M&As between Seoul Bank and Korea Trust Bank in 1976, bank closing and M&As after financial crisis in 1997. Second, the special characters of bank M&As during 1920~1940 are that Japan has dominated the reorganization of industry in Korea and made the bank M&As possible because of the increasing demand for finance in the Korean market in addition to the Japanese government's desire for the continental invasion. Third, the bank M&As of The Seoul-Trust Bank in 1976 give us the following historical perspectives. ① As the first case of modern bank M&As in Korea, it gives the several kinds of implication including the organization conflict between the members of post Seoul bank and post Korea Trust Bank, ② It was taken by the government compulsorily because of the increasing needs for big size and efficiency of Korean banks under the stage of economic development. Fourth, the historical perspectives on the bank M&As after 1997 are as follows: ① Korean government has taken the measure of bank M&As compulsorily under the special situation of financial crisis, ② The bank M&As have been done only by the standard of BIS and policy planner's intention, ③ Among the type of bank M&As, M&As for relief of unsound banks have been taken, ④ among the bank M&As. Some(the cases of Hanvit Bank, and Hana Bank) has shown the same quality and others (the cases of Kookmin Bank, and Choheung Bank) have shown the different quality. And these same and different quality made the effects of bank M&As opaque. The limitations of this paper are as follows: First, because of the problem of data shortage for the bank M&As in Korea during 1920~1940, and 1976, more detailed explanations are not shown including the political, economic, and social situations for the motivation of bank M&As. Second, the specific purposes of bank M&As which have been done in Korea were not suggested in terms of historical aspects. Third, this study did not show the different characters between Korean cases and advanced countries cases. Fourth, the economic effects of bank M&As, and the prestige change of Korean financial institutions after bank M&As were not verified because of the data collection problems. The next study will deal with these topics.