서울시 유통 소금의 중금속 함량 및 안전성 평가

김애경(Ae-Kyung Kim),조성자(Sung-Ja Cho),곽재은(Jae-Eun Kwak),금진영(Jin-Young Kum),김일영(Il-Young Kim),김정헌(Jung-Hun Kim),채영주(Young-Zoo Chae) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

시중 유통 소금 55건은 유형별로는 천일염 22건, 가공소금 17건, 재제소금 16건이었으며, 국산 33건, 수입 22건이었다. 수입국으로는 프랑스를 비롯하여 미국, 일본, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 아르헨티나였다. 식용소금 55건을 ICP-OES 및 Mercury analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 비소, 니켈, 알루미늄, 코발트, 수은을 분석한 결과 평균 0.281±0.344, 0.035±0.221, 0.364±0.635, 0.182±0.313, 0.046±0.062, 0.155±0.247, 5.753±10.746, 0.028±0.211, 0.001±0.001 mg/kg이 검출되었다. 납의 검출량은 천일염에서 가공소금, 재제소금 보다 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 크롬과 니켈은 가공소금에서 다른 소금에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 알루미늄은 수입산 천일염과 가공소금에서 시료 간 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 검출량이 높은 제품은 프랑스산으로 지역적인 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 소금의 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위해 소금을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량(PMTDI)과 미국 환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간섭취량은 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.413(0.000~1.688), 0.026(0.000~0.505), 0.667(0.000~5.519), 0.265(0.022~1.720), 0.002(0.000~0.005), μg/kg bw/week이었으며, %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은이 각각 1.652(0.000~6.754), 0.372(0.000~7.214), 3.177(0.000~26.279), 0.008(0.001~0.049), 0.031(0.000~0.094)%로 소금을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다. This study was to investigate the heavy metal content of 55 commercial salts in the Seoul area. There were 22 types of solar sea salt, 17 types of processed salt and 16 types of reworked salt. Looked at another way, there were 22 types of domestic salt and 33 types of salt imported from France, the U.S., Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. The samples were measured using both a mercury analyzer and an Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The average heavy metal contents for commercial salts were Pb 0.281±0.344, Cd 0.035±0.221, Cr 0.364±0.635, Cu 0.182±0.313, As 0.046±0.062, Ni 0.155±0.247, Al 5.753 ±10.746, Co 0.028±0.211 and Hg 0.001±0.001 mg/kg. The leads were detected highly in solar sea salt rather than in processed salt or reworked salt. Also chrome, arsenic and nickel were found more in processed salt. There were large differences in aluminum content between imported solar sea salt and processed salt. Aluminum was highly detected in French products, showing that salt can be affected by regional differences. The weekly average intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Hg from commercial salt were 1.652% (0.000~6.754), 0.372% (0.000~7.214), 3.177% (0.000~26.279), 0.008% (0.001~0.049), and 0.031% (0.000~0.094) respectively compared with Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for the evaluation of food safety. The content of heavy metals from commercial salts was determined to be at safe levels.

한약재 경천의 기원정립과 감별마커

김애경(Ae Kyung Kim),김민경(Min-Kyeong Kim),김연주(Yeon Ju Kim),이옥란(Ok Lan Lee),양덕춘(Deok-Chun Yang) 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.1

지식경제에서의 지역인적자원개발 정책과제 : 대구 · 경북의 사례를 중심으로

김애경(Aekyung Kim),김영용(Youngyong Kim),김종한(Jonghan Kim) 한국지역사회학회 2007 지역사회연구 Vol.15 No.2

Globalization and the Knowledge economy are new challenges to not only national levels but also most regions. Thus those regions that have successful regional assets such as high skilled worker, appropriate institutions, and government policy could be successful in global competition. Human resources determine the innovation capacity of locals and regional growth in the Knowledge economy. This study focuses on the regional human resources development(RHRD) which is critical factor for local innovation capacity and regional innovation system(RIS). Also, this study deals with the new role of local government policy for regional human resources development which is needed for the creating effective regional economic development strategies. From the result of intensive interviews with specialists who work at local government and institutes at Daegu · Kyungpook region, we can infer that the necessity for RHRD for local government is urgent and critical. The policy agenda for RHRD which are inducing from the case study could be summarized as follows. Firstly, legal and institutional bases for RHRD should be built as soon as possible. Secondly, the local government organization and agents for RHRD must be strengthened. Thirdly, financial support for RHRD is also necessary condition. And, above all things, by the conclusion of the importance of governance system for effective RHRD, we proposes a new general RHRD organization for local government such as 'Daegu · Kyungpook Human Resources Administration'.

국소 진행된 비소세포 폐암에서의 병합치료에 대한 연구

박상기(Sang Ki Park),김근화(Geun Hwa Kim),정성수(Seong Su Jeong),신경상(Kyoung Sang Shin),김애경(Ae Kyoung Kim),서지원(Jee Won Suhr),김재성(Jae Sung Kim),조문준(Moon June Cho),김주옥(Ju Ock Kim),김선영(Sun Young Kim) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.6

N/A Background: The majority of patients with locally advanced, unresectable, non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) were treated with conventional thoracic radiation therapy Throcic radiation therapy produces tumor regression in most patients but few cures and dismal 5-year survival rate. Several randomized studies have demonstrated that systemic chemotherapy controls micrometastasis and improve survival ratNes for patients who have locally advanced NSCI.C. Hut the optimal frequency of chemotherapy and sequence for chemotherapy and radiotherapy are yet to be determined. In this study, we analyzed response rate, median survival time, side effects and prognostic variables according to the frequency of chemotheray in locally advanced NSCLC patients, Methods: We separated locally advanced, unresectable, NSCLC patients into two groups according to given number of chemotherapy cycles. Among 28 patients evaluated, eleven patients were classified to group A, receiving above 3 cycled chemotherapy and seventeen patients, classified to group B, receiving 3 cycled chemotherapy. In both groups, thoracic irradiation of 5940 cGy was given to all patients after chemotherapy. Results: 1) Median survival time was 12.9 months for group A, 12.8 months for group B but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05), 2) Overall response rates were not significantly different between two groups(P>0.05). 3) Frequency rate of local failure and distant metastasis were not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). 4) The grade and frequency of toxicities during treatment were not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). 5) Clinical stage was the only major prognostic factor for overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusion: Median survival time, response rate, toxicities and frequency of local failure and distant metastasis were not significantly different between two groups. So, when we treat locally advanced, unresectable, NSCLC patients in sequential combined treatement, we should consider planned therapy(limiting chemotherapy cycles given), because planned therapy reduces many troubles of patients, that is, economic loss and time consuming, psychiatric anxiety etc, during treatment period. The optimal frequency of chemotherapy is remained to be validated in large scale study in the future in the setting of combined treatment.

중년 여성의 폐경 경험에 대한 근거 이론적 접근

김애경(Kim Ae Kyung) 기본간호학회 2008 기본간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to explore the process of menopause experiences in middle-aged women. Method: The grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin was the basis for this study. The participants were 15 middle-aged women selected by theoretical sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interviews using audiotape recording analyzed simultaneously by the constant comparative method described in Strauss and Corbin's methodology. Results: Experiencerelated to menopause in middle-aged women is caused by cognition of the aging process, difficult problems in family that occur with limitation of social activity, and perception of changingseasons. The central incident of menopause in middle-aged women was loss of the woman's identity. Intervening conditions, which are action/interactional strategies for menopause, are related to social support. Action/interactional strategies related to menopause management included medical treatment, mind control, and participation in social activity. Experiencerelated to menopause in middle-aged women resulted in comfort or discomfot of physical and emotional condition. Conclusion: The findings of this study may contribute to the development health promotion strategy for middle-aged women. There is need to develop family support systems and preventive nursing interventions to avoid negative coping strategy.

스마트폰 동영상을 활용한 자기성찰 실습이 간호학생의 핵심 간호술 수행자신감, 실습만족도, 학업적 자기효능감 및 성취도에 미치는 효과

김애경(Ae-Kyung Kim),김래완(Rae-Wan Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 스마트폰 동영상을 활용한 자기성찰 실습이 간호학생의 핵심 간호술 수행자신감, 실습만족도, 학업적 자기효능감 및 성취도에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위함이다. 연구설계는 비동등성 대조군 사후 유사 실험연구이며 연구대상은 중재에 참여한 실험군 43명과 참여하지 않은 대조군 43명으로 총 86명이었다. 자료수집은 2018년 3월 2일부터 5월 30일까지 이루어졌으며, 핵심간호술 수행자신감, 실습만족도, 학업적 자기효능감은 자가 기입식 설문조사 방식으로, 핵심기본간호술 성취도는 2명의 연구자에 의한 관찰평가로 수집하였다. 자료분석은 χ²-test 및 independent t-test를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과를 통해 스마트폰 동영상을 활용한 자기성찰 실습에 참여한 실험군과 참여하지 않은 대조군에서 실습 자신감(t=2.170, p=.033), 학업적 자기효능감(t=3.096, p=.033), 핵심 기본 간호술 성취도(t=2.817, p=.007)는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었지만 실습만족도는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 스마트폰 자기성찰 실습이 간호 교육현장에 도입되어 간호교육의 목표달성에 기여하기 위해 적극 활용되길 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self reflective practice using cellular phone video recordings on self-confidence in performance, practice satisfaction, learning self-efficacy and core basic nursing skills achievement. A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. Participants were recruited from one nursing colleges. The sample consisted of an experimental group (n=43) that participated in the self reflective practice using cellular phone video recordings program and a control group (n=43). The data of self-confidence in performance, practice satisfaction, and learning self-efficacy were collected using self-administered questionnaires from March 2, 2018 to May 30. The core basic nursing skills achievement was evaluated by two researchers. Data analyzed using χ²-test and independent t-test. After the intervention, self-confidence in performance, learning self-efficacy and core basic nursing skills achievement significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. Findings indicated that, this program can be recommended as an effective educational program for the nursing student to improve their fundamental nursing skills.

마오쩌둥 시기 중국의 주권정책: 중·소 동맹과 중·영, 중·일 수교과정을 중심으로

김애경(Aekyung Kim) 한국국제정치학회 2021 國際政治論叢 Vol.61 No.3

이 글은 마오쩌둥 시기 중국의 주권정책을 고찰한다. 마오쩌둥 시기 중국은 강경한 주권원칙을 고수했다. 제국주의 국가들의 식민통치에서 벗어나는 과정, 내전을 통해 정권을 획득하는 과정에서 마오쩌둥은 어떤 국가도 중국의 내정에 간섭할 수 없고 중국 국경 내(內)의 일은 스스로 해결할 것이라며 주권원칙 제시했다. 마오쩌둥시기 중국은 ‘새롭게 시작한다(另起爐灶)’, ‘과거를 청산한다(打掃房子再請客)’와 ‘평화공존5원칙(和平共處五原則)’을 제시하며 주권수호 의지를 표명했다. 그런데 마오쩌둥 시기 중국은 새로운 인센티브나 명확한 물질적 보상에 직면했을 때 주권의 일부를 양보하는 유연한 정책으로 활용했다. 이는 중소 동맹 체결과 중영 수교과정에서 홍콩문제에 취한 중국의 태도, 중일 수교과정에서 주권관련 이슈에 대한 중국의 태도에서 잘 나타나고 있다. 이 세 가지 사례는 마오쩌둥 시기 수교협상 과정에서 중국이 주권이슈에 타협적인 모습을 보였던 대표적인 예이다. 마오쩌둥 공산당 정부는 국민당 정부를 부정하고 공산당 정권의 대내외적 합법성을 표명하며, 경제발전을 통한 국가부흥에 도움이 되는 명확한 물질적 보상과 이익을 만족시킬 수 있多(다)면 핵심 이익인 영토주권의 문제에서도 타협의 태도를 보였다. 절대적 주권개념을 주장하던 마오쩌둥 정부가 주권을 원칙이 아닌 정책으로 활용했다는 점은 향후 중국이 국가 간 관계 및 정책에서 취할 수 있는 행태를 전망하는 데 유용할 것이다. G2 국가로 부상한 현재에도 중국은 여전히 주권수호에 대해 강한 의지를 표명하고 있어, 주권문제에 대한 중국의 레토릭과 행태의 일치여부에 대한 정확한 분석은 매우 중요하다. This article examines China’s sovereignty policy during the Mao Zedong period. China adhered to the strict principle of sovereignty during the Mao period, In the process of being out of colonial rule by imperialist countries and getting into power through civil war, Mao Zedong presented the principle of sovereignty, stating that no state can interfere in China’s internal affairs and that the affairs within China’s borders will be resolved by itself. China expressed its will to protect its sovereignty by proposing ‘LingQiLuZao(另起爐灶)’, ‘DaSaoFangZiZaiQingKe(打掃房子再請客)’, and ‘the five principles for peaceful coexistence(和平共處五原則)’ during the Mao period. However when China faced new incentives or clear material rewards, the sovereignty principle was used flexibly as a policy during the Mao era. This is well reflected in the process of signing an alliance between China and the Soviet Union, China’s attitude toward Hong Kong issues in the process of establishing Sino-British diplomatic relations and China’s position toward sovereignty issues establishing diplomatic ties between China and Japan. These three cases are representative examples that China has shown compromising attitute on sovereignty issues in the process of discussion on diplomatic relations The Communist government of Mao Zedong also showed a compromise attitude in the issue of territorial sovereignty, which is a core interests, if they deny the the Kuomintang’s government, expressing the internal and external legitimacy of the Communist Party regime and can satisfy clear material rewards and benefits that help revitalize the nation through economic development. The fact that the Mao’s government, which had insisted on absolute sovereignty, used sovereignty as a policy rather than a principle would be useful for predicting what actions China could take in future inter-state relations and policies. Even now, as a G2 country, China still expresses a strong will to safeguard its sovereignty, so it is very important to accurately analyze whether China’s rhetoric and behavior on the issue of sovereignty are consistent.

간호사의 안락사와 임종 간호에 대한 의미분석

김애경(Kim Ae Kyung),박계선(Park Gye Sun) 기본간호학회 2000 기본간호학회지 Vol.7 No.3

마르크 샤갈(Marc Chagall) 작품에 나타난 무의식의 내면세계 연구 -융(C. G. JUNG)의 분석심리학 이론을 근거로-

김애경 ( Ae Kyung Kim ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2010 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.32 No.-

창조적 행위는 내적 정신세계를 표현하고자 하는 인간의 욕구 표출과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 이러한 내면 탐구는 프로이드 정신 분석학에서 주장한 핵심사상, 무의식에서 시작된다. 그러나 시각적 표현에 의해 표출된 `무의식의 원형`에 대해 탐구했던 프로이드의 이론을 발전시킨 융(Jung)에 의하면, 무의식은 자기실현의 역사라고 말한다. 예술에게는 무의식 속에 존재하는 모든 것은 사건이 되고, 본능적인 욕망이 아닌 창조적 행위를 하게끔 한다. 예술 작품은 작가의 "의식과 무의식"이 동시에 표출된 결과이자 숨겨진 기쁨, 욕망, 불안의 흔적들이다. 예술의 원천이 되는 것은 인간이 세상에 태어난 뒤에 인류전체의 삶을 통해 형성된 것으로, 무의식적인 것들이다. 본 연구자는 `무의식의 세계`를 예술작품을 통해 상징적으로 나타낸 샤갈의 작품을 분석해 융의 분석 심리학의 핵심요소인 무의식의 원형을 찾고, 새로운 시각으로 해석하여 예술작품의 내면세계의 표현방법에 대해 고찰했다. 샤갈은 초현실주의시기에 활동을 한 화가이다. 일반적으로 초현실주의 작가들은 인간의 내면세계에 눌러있는 무의식적인 요소(억압, 꿈, 환상 등)를 작품을 통해 표현하였다. 그러나 샤갈은 실제로 경험하고 조상대대로 물러 받은 잠재된 무의식을 모티브로 삼아 상징적 표현을 하였다. 샤갈이 가장 많이 다룬 모티브는 고향, 동물, 여인, 성서 등이다. 샤갈이 추구했던 예술 세계는 "무의식의 의식화"를 통해 자기인식은 높이고, 무의식의 잠재력은 에너지로 바꾸어 자기통찰에 이르게 하는 것이다. 융은 분석 심리학을 통해 인간의 내면 세계의 무의식을 표출한 반면, 샤갈은 여러 가지 상징 매체를 활용해 전달하고자 노력했다. 샤갈의 `무의식 세계`는 객관적인 증명이 어렵고, 이론을 바탕으로 유추한 것 일 수도 있다. 하지만 창조적인 예술 활동으로 승화된 샤갈의 작품들은 샤갈의 꿈이나 억압 되어진 문제를 드러내는 것은 가능하다고 생각한다. 샤갈의 작품은 상징 매체를 통한 "무의식의 의식화" 즉, 과거와 현재 그리고 자신을 일체화 하여 내면세계를 표출하였다는 특징이 있다. 작품을 통해 진정한 자신을 바라보는 방식은 무의식에서 어둡고 억압된 상처를 찾아내는 일이 아니라, 자기완성을 이루고자 하는 본능과 개성적인 창조욕구를 드러내 결국 참된 자기실현에 도달하는 것이라고 결론지을 수 있겠다. The Arts, the creative activities of the human being, is deeply related to the desires to express one`s inner world. Pursuing to reveal the inner world is derived from the unconscious mind which Freud claimed in his psychoanalysis study. Additionally, Jung, who followed the Freud`s view that the origin of unconsciousness can be visualized, explained that the unconsciousness is the history of self-fulfilling. Given this point of view, everything beyond the conscious mind is the events which allow artists to engage creative works. Art works are the mixtures of the expressions of unconsciousness as well as consciousness of the artist and the traces followed by his or her hidden pleasures, desires and anxieties. The foundation of arts is corresponded to the life-history of human beings constructed by human being`s unconscious mind. In the paradigm described above, this author examined the ways of expression of the unconscious realms and scrutinized the origin form of unconsciousness, a core concept in Jung`s analytical psychology, by analyzing and interpreting the works of Chagall which symbolized the unconscious realms. Compared to typical Surrealism artists who created the paintings based on suppressed unconscious factors (e.g., dreams and imaginations), Chagall who is also well known as a Surrealism artist was motivated by different types of unconscious factors which he actually experienced or inherited from ancestors (e.g., landscapes of hometown, animals, women, and the testament). Throughout his art works, Chagall sought to heighten the self-awareness by perceiving the unconscious thoughts consciously and to obtain the better self-understanding by restoring the unconscious potentials into the energy to move on. That is, Jung emphasized his view on analytical psychology to examine the unconsciousness, on the other hand, Chagall believed that unconsciousness could be expressed by various medium that symbolized the unconscious thoughts and believes. It is true that the unconscious realm which Chagall sought is hard to be proved objectively, or can be existed only in theories. However, the plentiful of paintings of Chagall have still a possibility to reflect his unconscious beliefs and repressed psychological problems on his own life. The hallmark of Chagall`s works is expressing the unconscious realm by synthesizing the past, the future, and the present self and symbolizing the unconscious thoughts. Chagall`s works implied that the way of reflecting the self in the art works is expressing one`s desires to creativity and instinct to enhance the self-image that lead to achieve self-fulfilling rather than finding ou suppressed fear and anxieties beyond consciousness.

여성의 입덧 경험에 대한 주관성 연구

김애경 ( Kim Ae Gyeong ) 여성건강간호학회 2003 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective opinions related to NVP experience in woman. Method: The research method used was Q-methodology. The statement of self-reference was derived from face to face interviews with 10 womans. Stat