토양의 물리.화학적 성질과 생강 생육과의 관계

김동진,안병구,이진호,Kim, Dong-Jin,Ahn, Byung-Koo,Lee, Jin-Ho 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

생강 재배지 토양의 물리 화학적 특성 변화, 생강의 양분 흡수 관계, 생강의 생육 변화를 조사하였다. 시험 전 토양과 생강 수확 후 토양 특성을 비교하면, 시험 전 토양의 전질소 함량은 $0.04{\sim}0.13g\;kg^{-1}$, 치환성 K는 $1.88{\sim}2.80cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 치환성 Mg는 $0.41{\sim}0.55cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 수확 후 토양의 전질소 함량은 $0.31{\sim}0.95g\;kg^{-1}$, 치환성 K는 $0.47{\sim}1.37cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 치환성 Mg는 $1.07{\sim}1.97cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$로서 전질소 함량과 치환성 Mg의 함량은 증가하였고, 치환성 K의 함량은 감소하였다. 식물 양분 중 K, Ca, Zn, Cu의 흡수량이 지상부에서, 망간의 흡수량은 지하부에서 높은 함량을 보였으며, K의 흡수량은 지상부에서 $63.9{\sim}72.3g\;kg^{-1}$, 지하부에서 $27.6{\sim}37.3g\;kg^{-1}$로서 특히 높은 함량을 보였다. 생강 중 K의 높은 흡수량으로 인하여 토양 중 치환성 K의 함량이 수확 후 감소한 것으로 보인다. 생강의 뿌리썩음병은 저지대 및 식양토에서 높은 병발생률을 보였는데, 저지대로의 수분이동과 저지대의 배수 취약성이 병발생을 증가시키고, 토양수분 보유력이 높은 식양토 또한 병발생 증가에 영향을 준 것으로 생각된다. 뿌리썩음병 발생률은 낮게는 26.7%에서, 높게는 88.1%로 나타났는데, 생강 성숙기인 8월과 9월의 고온다습한 기후 조건도 높은 뿌리썩음병 발생의 원인으로 보인다. 생강 뿌리썩음병은 토양의 토성 및 지형 조건에 따른 토양수분의 증가, 고온다습한 기후 조건 등에 따라 발생률이 증가되는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 생강 재배지 선정시 지대의 경사, 토성, 배수 system 등이 고려되어야 할 것이다. Root-rot disease is a serious problem in ginger cultivation fields and it reduces the quality and productivity of ginger. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the changes of ginger growth. As comparing the selected soil chemical properties after harvesting the ginger plants with those before planting them, the contents of total nitrogen and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ increased, whereas electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable $K^+$ content decreased. Potassium (K) concentrations in ginger plant were markedly higher in both its shoot and root parts ranging from 63.9 to $72.3g\;kg^{-1}$ and from 27.6 to $37.3g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, which might be related to the decrease of exchangeable $K^+$ content in soils. Incidence rate of ginger root-rot disease in the plots ranges between 26.7% and 88.1%. It was higher in low elevation plots with clay loam soils than in high elevation plots. In addition, the incidence of the disease increased as affected by high temperature and humid condition during the growth and maturity stages of ginger. Therefore, soil texture, field slop, and drainage system as well as chemical properties should be considered to cultivate ginger plant.

Waste Recycling Through Biological Route

김동진,안종관,박경호,이승원,Pradhan, Debabrata,Kim, Dong-Jin,Ahn, Jong-Gwan,Park, Kyung-Ho,Lee, Seoung-Won 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2008 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.17 No.2

다양한 독성 폐기물이 주변 환경에 배출되면 궁극적으로 모든 생명체의 생존에 위협이 된다. 박테리아 및 곰팡이종의 반응을 이용한 미생물침출 및 미생물복원을 포함하는 바이오 습식제련은 환경문제를 극복하는데 적합한 경제성이 있는 잠재기술이다. 미생물침출은 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Laptospirillum ferrooxidans와 같이 금속과 반응을 일으키는 박테리아를 이용하여 다양한 광물 및 폐기물로부터 금속 성분을 용해하는 것을 말한다. 일반적으로 미생물 침출반응은 직접 및 간접반응으로 나누어진다. 직접반응에서 박테리아는 성장 및 물질대사를 위하여 침출 기질로부터 전자를 받아 황산을 생산하므로써 황화광물을 산화시킨다. 반면 간접반응에서는 철산화 박테리아에 의해 생성된 $Fe^{3+}$가 황화광물을 산화시킨다. 이러한 침출기구를 통하여 저품위 광물 및 정광, 슬러지, 광미, 플라이 애쉬, 슬래그, 전자 스크랩, 폐밧데리 및 폐촉매 등으로부터 금속을 회수할 수 있다. 생물학적 방법은 폐기물의 매립을 극복할 수 있는 대체기술로서 건강하고 깨끗한 환경 보존에 기여할 수 있다. Different toxic wastes are disposed of in our surroundings and these will ultimately threaten the existence of living organisms. Biohydrometallurgy, which includes the processes of bioleaching and bioremediation through the activities of microorganisms such as bacterial or fungal species, is a technology that has the potential to overcome many environmental problems at a reasonable economic cost. Bioleaching were carried out for dissolution of metals from different materials using most important metal mobilizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Laptospirillum ferrooxidans. According to the reaction, bioleaching is parted as direct and indirect mechanism. In direct mechanism the bacteria oxidize the sulphides minerals by accepting electron and producing sulphuric acid in leaching media for their growth and metabolism. In other hand the indirect bioleaching is demonstrated as the oxidation of sulphides mineral by the oxidant like $Fe^{3+}$ produced by the iron oxidizing bacteria. Through this process, substantial amount of metal can be recovered from low-grade ores, concentrates, industrial wastes like sludge, tailings, fly ash, slag, electronic scrap, spent batteries and spent catalysts. This may be alternative technology to solve the high deposition of waste, which moves toward a healthy environment and green world.

INVESTIGATION ON MATERIAL DEGRADATION OF ALLOY 617 IN HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPURE HELIUM COOLANT

김동진,GYEONG-GEUN LEE,WOO GON KIM,박지연 한국원자력학회 2011 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.43 No.5

The corrosion of materials exposed to high temperature helium in a very high temperature reactor is caused by interaction with the impurities in the helium. This interaction then induces high temperature mechanical deterioration. By considering the effect of the impurity concentration on material corrosion, a long-term coolant chemistry guideline can be determined for the range of impurity concentration at which the material is stable for a long time. In this work, surface reactions were investigated by analyzing the thermodynamics and the experimental results for Alloy 617 exposed to controlled impure helium at 950ºC. Moreover, the surfaces were examined for the Alloy 617 crept in air and in uncontrolled helium, which was explained by possible surface reactions.

수열합성법에 의한 TiO₂/active carbon 복합체의 제조 및 광촉매특성

김동진,이진희,이병우,Kim, Dong Jin,Lee, Jin Hee,Lee, Byeong Woo 한국결정성장학회 2013 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Granular bamboo-derived active carbons (AC) were impregnated (or coated) with $TiO_2$ nano crystalline powders. The photocatalytic activity of the $TiO_2$-impregnated active carbons ($TiO_2$/AC) were determined on the basis of the degradation rate of methylene-blue aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The active compounds of $TiO_2$ were impregnated onto the AC under moderate hydrothermal conditions (${\leq}200^{\circ}C$, pH 11). The mean size of $TiO_2$ particles calculated from BET surface area were found to be as 50 nm. The $TiO_2$ precipitates were coated on the cavities or pores on the surfaces of highly activated carbons. Since the hydrothermal process led to a lowering of the on-set temperature of the anatase-to-rutile transition of $TiO_2$ as low as $200^{\circ}C$, $TiO_2$ crystallites of a pure anatase or a mixed form with rutile were successfully coated on the AC depending on the synthesis temperatures. 입상(대나무)활성탄 상에 나노 $TiO_2$ 결정을 담지 즉 분말코팅 하였다. 이와 같이 $TiO_2$ 담지된 활성탄 복합체의 광촉매 활성도는 자외선 조사를 통한 메틸렌블루 수용액의 분해를 통해 측정하였다. 저온 수열합성법(${\leq}200^{\circ}C$, pH 11)을 통해 광학적 촉매활성도가 높은 $TiO_2$를 활성탄 상에 담지 할 수 있었으며, BET 표면적을 측정하여 계산된 $TiO_2$ 분말의 평균입도는 50 nm 정도였다. 수열처리 과정에서 $TiO_2$가 합성되면서 동시에 활성탄의 표면 공극과 기공 상에 코팅이 이루어졌다. 이러한 수열합성법을 통한 합성은 $TiO_2$의 anatase에서 rutile로의 상전이 시작 온도를 $200^{\circ}C$ 부근으로 낮추는 결과를 가져올 수 있어, 합성온도에 따라 저온에서 순수한 anatase 또는 anatase와 rutile이 혼합된 $TiO_2$ 결정상들을 코팅 시킬 수 있었다.

KMTNet 자료 전송 실험

김동진,이충욱,김승리,Kim, Dong-Jin,Lee, Chung-Uk,Kim, Seung-Lee 한국천문학회 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.1

We develop a real-time data transfer system for the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) photometry data and test whether it is suitable for Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and three different observatories, which are Cerro Tololo Inter-Ameriacan Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, Siding Springs Observatory (SSO) in Australia, and South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in South Africa. For this test, we use a high speed global network being dedicated for researches. From the test, we obtain that the elapsed times between KASI and each three observatories, CTIO, SSO, and SAAO to transfer 650 MB of data are 99.0, 9.2, 119.0 seconds, respectively. This means that the system can be used for the real-time data processing of KMTNet.

Preparation of 27Ni6Zr4O143M(M=Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba)O/70 Zeolite Y Catalysts and Hydrogen-rich Gas Production by Ethanol Steam Reforming

김동진,Jun Su Lee,이가영,Byung-Hyun Choi,Mi-Jung Ji,SunminPark,강미숙 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.7

In this study the effects of adding alkaline-earth (IIA) metal oxides to NiZr-loaded Zeolite Y catalysts were investigated on hydrogen rich production by ethanol steam reforming (ESR). Four kinds of alkaline-earth metal (Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) oxides of 3.0% by weight were loaded between the Ni6Zr4O14 main catalytic species and the microporous Zeolite Y support. The characterizations of these catalysts were examined by XRD, TEM, H2- TPR, NH3-TPD, and XPS. Catalytic performances during ESR were found to depend on the basicity of the added alkaline-earth metal oxides and H2 production and ethanol conversion were maximized to 82% and 98% respectively in 27(Ni6Zr4O14)3MgO/70Zeolite Y catalyst at 600 oC. Many carbon deposits and carbon nano fibers were seen on the surface of 30Ni6Zr4O14/70Zeolite Y catalyst but lesser amounts were observed on alkaline-earth metal oxide-loaded 27(Ni6Zr4O14)3MO/70Zeolite Y catalysts in TEM photos after ESR. This study demonstrates that hydrogen yields from ESR are closely related to the acidities of catalysts and that alkaline-earth metal oxides reduce the acidities of 27(Ni6Zr4O14)3MO/70Zeolite Y catalysts and promote hydrogen evolution by preventing progression to hydrocarbons.

폴리올법에 의한 편상의 은 분말 합성

김동진,양환진,안종관,이재령,정헌생,Kim Dong-Jin,Liang Huanzhen,Ahn Jong-Gwan,Lee Jae-Ryeong,Chung Hun-Saeng 한국분말야금학회 2004 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.11 No.6

Monodispersed flaky silver powder was obtained by controlling the ratios of $H_{2}O_{2}/NH_{3}$ and Agin in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ammonia with an addition of PVP. The effects of $NH_{3}/Ag,\; H_{2}O_{2}/Ag\;and\;H_{2}PtCl_{6}/Ag$ on its morphology and size were investigated. In $H_{2}O_{2}-NH_{3}-AgNO_{3}\;system,\;NH_{3}/Ag$ molar ratio was found to be an important reaction factor for the nucleation and crystal growth of Ag powder. The synthesis of flaky powder was optimized at over 6 of $NH_{3}/Ag \;and\;5\;of\;H_{2}O_{2}/Ag\;under\;1.0{\times}10^{-3}\;of\;Pt/Ag.\;Moreover,\;as\;the\; NH_{3}/Ag$ molar ratio increased, the size of precipitates was increased regardless of the amount of Pt. In the absence of $H_{2}PtCI$, the morphology and size of reduced Ag powder were found to be irregular in shape $2-4{\mu}m$ in diameter. However, homogenized fine Ag powder was obtained due to heterogeneous nucleation when $H_{2}PtCI$ used as a cat-alyst, and flaky one was synthesized with the addition of Pt over $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ of Pt/Ag.

하향류 BAF 반응기에 의한 제지폐수 처리

김동진,김건협,유익근,이규현,이태진,이용택,차기철 ( Dong Jin Kim,Gun Hyub Kim,Ik Keun Yoo,Kyu Hyun Lee,Tae Jin Lee,Yong Taek Lee,Gi Cheol Cha ) 한국물환경학회 1997 한국물환경학회지 Vol.13 No.2

A downflow biological aerated filter (BAF) packed with porous ceramic media was developed to remove the organic matter in paper industry wastewater. For about 120days, average effluent BOD, COD, and SS were stably kept to less than 20㎎/1. A reduction of 80∼90% for BOD and 75∼90% for COD was obtained at empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 1.2∼11.8 hours. There was no significant difference in removal efficiency up to the hydraulic and organic load of 40㎥/㎡day, 5㎏BOD/㎥day, respectively. The backwashing cycle at once a day was enough to maintain stable operation of BAF reactor.

구의 아크로리버 현장에서의 거푸집 시스템 시공사례

김동진,김종욱,이도범,Kim, Dong-Jin,Kim, Jong-Wook,Lee, Do-Bum 한국건축시공학회 2002 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.2 No.4

Extraction of Valuable Metals from Spent Desulfurizing Catalyst

김동진,백승배,이성원,Pradhan, Debabrata,Kim, Dong-Jin,Baik, Seung-Bai,Lee, Seoung-Won 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2011 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.20 No.3

황산으로 탈황 폐촉매를 침출한 결과 황산농도 1 M, 반응시간 1 hr인 실험조건에서 Ni 및 V은 95% 이상, 그리고 Mo은 30%가 침출되었다. 탈황 폐촉매의 Mo matrix 특성으로 인하여 다른 금속에 비하여 Mo의 침출율이 낮았으며, 본 침출반응은 확산반응에 의하여 제어되는 것으로 판단된다. Mo을 완전히 침출하기 위하여 유황성분이 제거된 폐촉매로 침출실험을 실시하였다. 1M 황산으로 처리후 탄산나트륨으로 세척시 Ni, Mo 그리고 V의 침출율은 99% 이었다. Ni 2 g/L; V 9 g/L, Mo 0.6 g/L 조성의 침출액을 LIX 841로 용매추출한 조건에서 A:O 비 5:2, 2단계로 처리시 Mo은 98% 이상 추출되었으며 A:O 비 5:3, 2단계로 처리시 V은 82%가 추출되었다. Sulphuric acid leaching was conducted to extract the metal values from spent refinery catalyst. More than 95% of Ni and V and 30% of Mo could be leached out in 1 M sulphuric acid and 1 hr of leaching time. The decrease in Mo leaching was due to typical characteristic of Mo matrix. The activation energies of the leaching reactions showed the dissolution process follows a diffusion control mechanism. In order to leach out all Mo, further the leaching experiments were conducted with sulfur free spent refinery catalyst. For sulfur free spent refinery catalyst, a two step process of leaching with 1 M sulphuric acid followed by sodium carbonate washing showed better leaching than a two step leaching process with sodium carbonate followed by sulphuric acid washing, with almost 99% leaching of Ni, Mo and V. Solvent extraction using LIX 841 were conducted for a leach liquor containing Ni, 2 g/L; V, 9 g/L, Mo, 0.6 g/L. More than 98% of Mo was extracted from the leach liquor at A:O ratio of 5:2 in a 2 stage process. Similarly V was extracted at A:O ratio of 5:3 in a 2 stage process with 82% of total V extraction.