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김대영,이홍성,심보경,Kim, Dea-Young,Lee, Hong-Sung,Sim, Bo-Kyoung 한국터널지하공간학회 2011 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.13 No.4
한랭지에 건설된 터널의 경우 터널 주변지반 지하수의 동결은 동절기 터널 배수 장애의 원인이 되며 라이닝을 내공 측으로 압출시키는 원인으로 작용하기도 한다. 노르웨이 등 해외에서는 이미 한랭지에 건설되는 터널의 동해방지를 위한 단열기준을 가지고 있으나 국내에서는 아직까지 터널 라이닝 동해방지를 위한 단열설계가 도입되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 도로터널의 동결 사례를 고찰하여 터널 라이닝 동해방지 대책이 필요함을 파악하였다. 또한 터널 주위의 온도분포를 파악하기 위해 화악터널에서 터널 종단길이에 따른 온도분포, 라이닝 내부의 온도, 포장면 하부지반의 온도 분포를 계측하였으며 이로부터 외기 온도변화에 따른 터널 내부 온도 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 화악터널의 온도분포 계측 결과를 바탕으로 단열재의 성능시험을 위해 인공기후실에서 단열재 설치 유무에 따른 암석시편의 열유동 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 터널 라이닝 동해를 방지할 수 있는 적정 단열재 두께를 제안하기 위해 3 차원 수치해석을 실시하였다. 수치해석 결과로부터 터널배면 지하수 동결기준으로 동결지수를 약 291$^{\circ}C{\cdot}$ Hr로 제안하였다. In case of tunnels in cold regions, a freeze of groundwater around tunnel may act as a barrier of tunnel drainage in winter, or may cause the inner extrusion of lining. In spite of that, a design of insulation for preventing the frost damage of tunnel lining has not been introduced in Korea, while foreign countries such as Norway and so on have a standard on insulation. In this study, a few freezing cases of road tunnels have been reviewed, and the results show that the freezing protection is necessary. In order to characterize the thermal distribution in the tunnel, following measurements have been performed at Hwa-ak tunnel; the temperature distribution by longitudinal lengths, the internal temperature of lining and the temperature distribution of the ground under pavement. From these measurements, the characteristics of the tunnel's internal temperature distribution due to temperature change in the air has been analyzed. Based on the measurement results on the temperature distribution at Hwa-ak tunnel, thermal flow tests on the rock specimen with and without insulation have been performed in the artificial climate chamber to investigate the performance of the insulation. Also, a number of 3D numerical analyses have been performed to propose appropriate insulation and insulation thicknesses for different conditions, which could prevent the frost damage of tunnel lining. As a result of the numerical analysis, air freezing index of 291$^{\circ}C{\cdot}$ Hr has been suggested as the threshold value for freezing criteria of groundwater behind the tunnel lining.
김대영,이홍성,이세진,이희광,심보경,Kim, Dea-Young,Lee, Hong-Sung,Lee, Se-Jin,Lee, Hee-Kwang,Sim, Bo-Kyoung 한국터널지하공간학회 2012 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4
본 연구에서는 기존 구조물 하부 통과공법의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 새롭게 가압지보 터널공법을 개발하고 이를 현장에 적용하였다. 가압지보 터널공법은 H-beam으로 제작한 강재의 외부 플랜지면과 굴착면 사이에 자루형태의 토목섬유를 삽입한 후 시멘트 밀크를 가압 그라우팅하여 지반에 압력을 가함으로써 굴착시 발생한 지반변위을 회복시킬 수 있는 공법이다. 3D 수치해석을 통해 개발된 공법의 변위제어 효과 및 부재의 안정성을 검증하였다. 또한 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$고속도로 하부 구간에 폭 10.7 m, 높이 7.9 m, 연장 85 m의 도로터널에 적용하였다. 현장적용 결과 상부지반의 변위를 거의 발생시키지 않고 굴착을 완료하였으며 공법 대비 공사기간을 약 35% 단축하였다. The pressurizing support tunneling method has been developed that overcomes shortcomings of conventional trenchless methods and applied to the field. The main concept of the new method is the pressurization system which, by means of pressurization bag between outer flange of steel ribs and excavated perimeter, applies higher pressure than the pressure relaxed by excavation to the ground to prevent ground displacement. The stability of the support members and effect of displacement control of the new method were verified through 3D numerical analyses. The new method was applied to the construction of a 10.7 m wide, 7.9 m high and 85 m long ramp tunnel that passes under ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Expressway. By applying the new method, the tunnel construction was successfully completed in 13.5 months which decreases construction time to 35% compared to conventional methods, and ground displacement was almost negligible.
아연도금층의 조직, 외관, 및 경도에 미치는 미량 금속첨가의 영향
예길촌(Gil-Chon Ye),김대영(Dea-Young Kim),안덕수(Duk-Soo Ahn) 한국표면공학회 2004 한국표면공학회지 Vol.37 No.1
The effect of trace metallic additives on microstructure, surface appearance and hardness of zinc electrodeposits was investigated by using sulfate bath and flow cell system. The preferred orientation of Zn deposit with Fe additive was (103)(104)+(002) mixed texture and that of Zn deposits with both Fe-Ni and Fe-Co additives was (10 ℓ), while Zn deposits with Fe-Cr additives had (002) preferred orientation. The surface morphology of the zinc deposits was closely related to the preferred orientation of the deposits. The glossiness of Zn deposit with Fe-Ni additives was higher than that of pure Zn deposit, while the glossiness of Zn deposits with both Fe-Co and Fe-Cr additives was lower than that of pure Zn deposit. The hardness of Zn deposits with both Fe-Ni and Fe-Co additives was noticeably higher than that of Zn-Fe deposit, while that of Zn deposit with Fe-Cr additives was similar to that of Zn-Fe deposit.
아연도금층의 조직 및 물성에 미치는 미량금속원소(Mg-Fe-X)의 복합첨가의 영향(Ⅱ)
예길촌(Gil-Chon Ye),김대영(Dea-Young Kim),안덕수(Duk-Soo Ahn) 한국표면공학회 2004 한국표면공학회지 Vol.37 No.2
The effect of trace metallic additives on microstructure, glossiness and hardness of Zinc electrodeposits was investigated by using sulfate bath and flow cell system. The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives was (10 l)+(002) mixed texture, while that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-Cr additives was (10 l). The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(X:Ni,Co) additives changed from (10 l)+(002) to (10 l) with increasing Mg additive from 5 to 10 g/l. The surface morphology of the Zinc deposits was closely related to the preferred orientation of the deposits. The glossiness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives was similar to that of pure Zn deposit. The glossiness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(X:Ni,Cr) additives was lower than that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives, while that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-Co additives was higher than that of Zn-Mg-Fe deposits. The hardness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(Ni,Co,Cr) increased with current density and amount of Mg additive. Hardness of Zn deposits was decreased and increased in comparison with Zn-Mg-Fe deposits for Mg-Fe-Co and Mg-Fe-Cr additives, respectively.