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일두 鄭汝昌의 思想에 關한 硏究 : 「進修雜著」를 中心으로 Focused on the Jinsoojabjeo 「進修雜著」
姜敬眞 진주여자전문대학 1994 論文集 Vol.17 No.-
This paper aims to investigate Ill-Doo Chung Yeo-chang's(일두 鄭汝昌) thought. As the material to study his thought, there remain Jinsoojabjeo 「進修雜著」, and the materials concerned. It should be needed to concretely investigate the thought in titled Rigiseol 「理氣說」, Seonakcheonliron 「善惡天理論」, and Ipjiron 「立志論」illuminated in Jinsoojabjeo. Ill-Doo regarded that both of Ri without Gi and Gi without Ri does not make any sense from the Rigiseol. He, therefore, set forth his position out of Rigiyiwonron 「理氣二元論」, And also, he explains his thought from the view of Seonakcheonliron, as if, the both Seon(virtue) and Ak(evil) are originally the Cheonli(the rule of Heaven) from the outset, but because of Inyork(human desires) overwhelmming Cheonli makes the Seon to Ak. And so, we can understand that he emphasized great success can be attained by learning the Saint in his Ipjiron(the theory of one's aim in life).
姜敬眞 진주여자전문대학 1984 論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The purpose of this study is to analyze the ideological characteristics of dependency theory's ideological characteristics. The main hypothesis is to synthesize diffusion theory and dependency theory which are two major opposing theories. On this hypothesis, we can make an alternative plan which sould be named as Korean Model for Korea itself. The 3rd World emerged to take an important position in the international policic stage after World War Ⅱ. The third World with its power refute the 1st World including North America and Western Europe because they didn't concern about the development of these underdeveloped countries to protect western ideology against the infiltration of communism into these countries. These failure are considered the result of overlooking the historical and social enviorments in the 3rd World. The 3rd World criticizes the traditional development theory which has two support ; the growth of GNP and modernization, focussing on the ideological characteristics of diffusion model saying that the 3rd World is underdeveloped because their societies socrieties are dual-based as the result of the lack of Westernization. Above unappropriateness of the traditional development model in the third World(especially in Latin America) resulted in rise of dependency theory, the main point of which is to analyse the development problem of the 3rd World in terms of their own perspectives. Therefore I assumed the dependency theory could be as 'Anti-thesis' in contrast to 'Thesis' of the traditronal development theory. Dependency theorists insist that underdevelopment of the 3rd World becaused by the expansion of the World-wide capitalistic system led by the developed countries. On the base of the above arguement we can define 'dependency' as a body of a theories that must be interpreted from the point of political; economics political economic and socio-cultural perspectives. In analysis of perspectives above mentioned, we can easily abstract ideological charcteristics. From above written we find out three major ideologies in this century which stimulated the rise of this theory ; one is Marxism, another is Imperialism and the other is Neo-marxism. First, the dependency theory is based on Marxism, for the logoic of it admitted dogmatic explanations. Second, the dependency theory is another phase of Imperialism, we can easily understand it from "dependency theory is the view from below and imperialism is the view from above." Third, the various types of anti-capitalistic ideologies were interrelated and were showend as the products of communist movements. The ontology of neo-marxisrn is not a changed communism but a newly applied communism, therefore if dependency theory is focused on movement, we can draw the ideological characteristics which lie in the interconnect ions with communism. But, I could draw out the affirmative points in ideological analysis, which is nationalism for their own national interests. In conclusion we can accomodate the developing will from nationalism. Therefore we can harmonize the 'developing will' and 'the development of science and technology' from the diffusion theory which is traditional development theory. In case of harmonizing the affirmative points of two theories, we must keep an eye on 'developing will' not to be overturned by the communistic ideology. And then finally, we, Our Korea is to be accelerated in development and growth.
강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37
There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.