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염철민,최유식,변석종,조순행,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the haloacetic acid (HAAs) formation characteristics in raw and treated water in Korea. The raw and treated water from the five major rivers were examined to measure the HAAs concentrations and compared those with literature values. Major findings are as follows. First, average HAAs concentration of treated water (collected from three water treatment plants) in Korea appeared to be 62.5±66.7㎍/L (n=7) and this level is higher than the average trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration (13.2±12.9㎍/L, n=6933) reported recently. Second, the average formation potential of TCAA and DCAA after three days was found as 103±74㎍/L (n=14) and 76±36㎍/L (n=14), respectively. As this result was applied to US-EPA developed model equation for TCAA and DCAA formation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Korea has a tendency to produce more TCAA and DCAA as compared to US. This phenomenon was especially notable in DCAA. The sum of weight percentage of TCAA and DCAA which are individual component of HAAS was composed of 80% of HAAs.
기니이픽 장관의 c-Kit 및 NK 1R 면역반응 세포구조에 대한 공초점 주사현미경적 연구
장인엽,김종중,문정석,김현곤,박찬국,전제열,전규배,조철희,유호진 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1
Background and Objectives: Immunolabelling of interstitial Cajal(IC) cells in the intestinal wall has recently been developed by using a specific marker, the anti-c-Kit antibody. Substance-P is a well-known neurotransmitter in the gastro-intestinal tract. Since the gastro-intestinal wall structures have already been well documented in the guinea pig, immunohistochemistry was done for the c-Kit-positive IC network and substance-P receptor(NK1R) in an attempt to provide a morphological basis for the mechanism regulating gastro-intestinal movement. Materials and Methods: Cryosection and whole-mount preparations of guinea pig small intestine and colon were single and double immunolabelled using the anti-c-Kit and NK1R antibodies. Immunolabelled specimens were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results : According to a three dimensional reconstruction study, it was found that (1) the c-Kit-positive celluar networks were widely distributed in the intestinal wall, (2) c-Kit-positive celluar networks encircled the ganlion, with strands in reticular configurations, and (3) the c-Kit-positive cells showed colocalization with NK1R in circular muscle(CM), not myenteric plexus(MY). Conclusion: The charateristic profiles of IC containing c-Kit-positive celluar networks and the relationship between c-Kit-positive and NK1R-positive structures provide a morphological basis upon the mechanism regulating gastro-intestinal motility.
최영미,안무업,안희철,최정태,유기철,장석준,박인철,송근정,홍은석,정성필,김승환,황정연,조준휘 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Purpose: From June 20, 2000, to June 24, 2000, for five days, nationwide hospitals and clinics went on strike in opposition to the government's policy on the separation of dispensaries from medical practice. The present study examined the present state of medical examination and treatment and the management system of the third medical institution to indicate a model for dealing with such strikes ahead in the future. Methods: The present state of the medical examination and management system in eight hospitals of the nationwide emergency medical centers was examined. The term of strike, June 20, 2000, to June 24, 2000, for five days, was the subject term; Five weekdays of the week just prior to the strikes and two consecutive holidays, January 1, 2000, and January 2, 2000, were chosen as a contrast group. Results: During the term of strike, the number of patients was larger than it was on the weekdays, but was less than it was on consecutive-holidays. ^1) In severity triage, the ratio of emergency patients increased but non-emergency and delayed patients decreased than consecutive-holidays, and the number of medical personnel decreased for all types of visits. The attending hospitals in cases of disease increased, and^2) the ratio of internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics, orthopedics patients increased than consecutive-holidays level, and the ratio of gynecology, phychiatry, opthalmology patients increased than consecutive-holidays and weekdays level. The ratio of cases in CPR decreased, and deliveries was at the same level as it was on the weekdays. Both radiation tests and emergency tests decreased. Conclusion: During a strike, carrying out severity triage and operating emergency outpatient care for non-emergency patients, such as outpatients, may be desirable. Adding emergency-treatment manpower to the areas where the number of patients increased, ^3) putting additional nursing and assistance manpower in emergency and operation rooms, providing for administration manning at the consecutive-holidays level, and resetting radiation and examination manpower at the consecutive-holidays level should be considered in managing effectively and emergency medical center.
You, Sooseong,Choi, Yoon Seok,Hong, Seokchan,Shin, Eui-Cheol The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.3
In the present study, we investigated if priming of autoreactive $CD8^+T$ cells would be inhibited by competitive peptides for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding. We used a mouse model of vitiligo which is induced by immunization of $K^b$-binding tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2)-180 peptide. Competitive peptides for $K^b$ binding inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$production and proliferation of TRP2-180-specific $CD8^+T$ cells upon ex vivo peptide restimulation, while other MHC class I-binding peptides did not. In mice, the capability of inhibition was influenced by T-cell immunogenicity of the competitive peptides. The competitive peptide with a high T-cell immunogenicity efficiently inhibited priming of TRP2-180-specific $CD8^+T$ cells in vivo, whereas the competitive peptide with a low T-cell immunogenicity did not. Taken together, the inhibition of priming of autoreactive $CD8^+T$ cells depends on not only competition of peptides for MHC class I binding but also competitive peptide-specific $CD8^+T$ cells, suggesting that clonal expansion of autoreactive T cells would be affected by expansion of competitive peptide-specific T cells. This result provides new insights into the development of competitive peptides-based therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
UCP 600의 새로운 개념도입상의 문제점과 해결방안에 관한 연구
최석범(Seok-Beom Choi),나정호(Jung-Ho Na),홍재성(Jae-Seong Hong),동혜(Hui Dong),유수철(Su-Cheol You) 한국관세학회 2010 관세학회지 Vol.11 No.1
UCP 600 as the latest version of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits was valid on July 1, 2007. The latest revision of UCP was substantial for the practice of documentary credit and improved the exactness and clearness and plainness. UCP 600 introduced the definitions Article and Interpretations Article for clearness for application of UCP 600 to the practice of trade communities. And in the definitions Article are introduced new terms such as complying presentation, credit, honour, negotiation etc. In particular as new important term honour meas to pay at sight, to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity and to accept a draft and pay at maturity. But honour does not include to negotiate without recourse. Under UCP 600, a nominated bank can prepay or purchase a draft accepted or a deferred payment undertaking incurred by that bank as the issuing bank is allowed to authorise the bank to do so. This paper deals with the new definitions of UCP 600 and the problems and solutions in the application of new definitions to the practice of documentary credits. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of UCP 600 by studying the problems and solutions in the new definitions of UCP 600.