직업적 연폭로에서 혈중 연량 수준에 따른 선별검사로서의 혈중 ZPP 검사의 타당도

한구석,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to evaluate the validity of current screening criteria of lead exposure and to provide effective information for the better health management of lead workers, author investigated the interrelationship between blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and evaluate the validity of blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test and blood lead as gold standard of diagnostic test. The total of 2245 lead workers (male workers: 1982, female workers : 263) from 12 lead using industries were studied. Blood lead, ZPP, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as lead exposure variables. Personal information on sex, age and work duration were also checked. Blood lead was measured with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (model: Hitachi 8100) using standard addition method. Blood ZPP was measured with portable hematoflurometer (model: Aviv 206). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood lead of all lead workers were 0.7±14.3㎍/㎗(Male: 31.0±14.4㎍/㎗, Female: 28.2±12.9㎍/㎗), whereas the mean blood ZPP of those were 68.1±47.5㎍/㎗(Male: 63.9±43.7㎍/㎗, Female: 100.1±61.0㎍/㎗). The mean value of hemoglobin and hematocrit of all lead workers were 14.5±1.5g/㎗(Male: 14.7±1.3g/㎗, Female: 12.3±1.2g/㎗) and 45.4±3.6(Male: 46.2±2.8, Female: 39.5±3.1) respectively. 2. Validity of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as screening test for blood lead levels of 30㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 50 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 50 and 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. While those test for blood lead levels of 40㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers, those test for blood lead levels of 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 or 70 and 100 ㎍/㎗ ZPP respectively, showing 60and 70 or 80 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. 3. Predictive value of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test for different blood lead levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that positive predictive value of screening test were decreased by the increase of blood lead level regardless of csreening criteria value ZPP and negative predictive value of screening test were increased accordingly regardless of screening criteria value of ZPP. On the other hand, within same blood lead level as a gold standard positive predictive values were inceased by the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP, whereas the negative predictive value were decreased accordingly by the the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP. 4. The correlation analysis of all lead workers among study variables revealed that CPbB and natural log transformation ZPP(LZPP) were better correlated with other variables and found to be better estimate than PbB and ZPP themselves. The age was correlated with all other variables, but the work duration was not. The correlation analysis of male and female workers among study variables revealed the same results with all lead workers. 5. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in female workers(3.223)was steeper than in male workers(2.144). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But there was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable)with ZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were higher than 30㎍/㎗and 40㎍/㎗ were steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗ and 40㎍/㎗. 6. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead. 7. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in female workers(0.0308was steeper than in male workers(0.0253). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But where was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. While the slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable) with LZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were hogher than 30㎍/㎗ was not steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗, there was no slope difference between two groups whose blood lead were less than 40㎍/㎗ and more than 40㎍/㎗. 8. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead, but the difference was not significant then that of CPbB and ZPP. With above results, it is recommended that the screening criteria value of ZPP should be down to 60-70㎍/㎗ from 100㎍/㎗ for male lead workers and screening criteria of ZPP for female lead workers was all right with current value of 100㎍/㎗. So it is recommended to make different screening criteria of ZPP for male and female workers like the hemoglobin and hematocrit screening criteria. It is also preferable to use CPbB and LZPP rather than uncorrected PbB and ZPP in the evaluation of lead exposure for lead workers.

토오크 양에 따른 세라믹 브라켓의 파절 저항성

한정흠,장민희,임용규,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.4

대전시 노은 도매시장 채소류의 농약 잔류 실태 및 식이섭취량 추정

한국탁,이규승,이은경,이용재,고광용,원동준,이정원,권순덕 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.3

대전시 노은 도매시장에서 채취한 6종의 채소류 중 농약잔류량을 조사한 후 이에 대한 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 전체 100건의 분석시료 중 농약이 검출된 시료의 비율은 46.0%이었고, 잔류허용기준 초과비율은 6.0% 이었다. 검출비율이 높은 시료는 상추(85.0%), 깻잎(80.0%), 오이(60.0%) 순이었고, 상추 3건, 깻잎 3건이 허용기준을 초과하였다. 살균제는 dicar-boximide계, 유기염소계, azole계 농약, 살충제는 유기인계, 합성 pyrethroid계 농약이 많이 검출되었다. 검출빈도가 높은 성분은 procymidone, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, EPN의 순이었다. 위해성을 평가하기 위해서 각 농작물에 대한 농약의 추정 섭취량과 ADI를 비교한 결과, 허용기준을 초과한 깻잎의 bitertanol, triflumizole, iprobenphos가 다른 성분에 비하여 높은 비율을 보였다. 그러나 각 농산물의 식이섭취량이 적어 ADI에 대한 추정섭취량의 비율이 0.46%이하로 나타나 그 영향이 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. Pesticide residues in some vegetables collected at Noeun wholesale market in Daejeon were surveyed and assessed their risk In 100 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 46.0% and the rate exceed MRL was 6.0%. Commodities showing high detection rate were lettuce(85.0%), perilla leaf(80.0%) and cucumber(60.0%). Dicarboximide, organochlorine, and azole fungicides and organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides were detected. Detection frequency of pesticide was in the order of procymidone, chlorpyrifos, chlerothalonil, cypermethrin and EPN. When the estimated intake amount of the pesticides were compared with ADI to assess their risk, bitertanol, triflumizole and iprobenphos in perilla leaf were higher rate than the other vegetables. However the total amounts of intake of pesticides were estimated to less than 0.46% of ADI.

2-methoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane의 광화학분해에 관한 연구

韓性彬,金奎喆,成大東 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.3 No.1

Photochemical decomposition of 2-meothoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane in methanol-acetonitrile binary solvent mixtures gave the O-H insertion, hydrogen-migration and phenyl-migration products to carbene. Kinetic data showes the maximun rate phenomenon at 70% (v/v) methanol content in methanol-acetonitrile binary solvent mixture. From Linear Solvation Energy Relationship by Taft's equation, the decomposition reaction of 2-meothoxy-1, 2-diphenyl diazoethane was affected not only by hydrogen bond acceptor basicity of the solvent, but also the polarity-polarizability ability of solvent a little bit.

영일만에 출현하는 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화

한경호,홍지선,김영섭,전경암,김영숙,홍병규,황동식 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

경상북도 영일만 연안에서 2001년 2월, 5월, 8월 및 11월에 계절별로 채집된 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화를 연구하였다. 채집된 부유성 난은 총 9개 분류군으로, 멸치가 출현량의 63.4%로 가장 우점하였고, 다음 까나리는 23.7%를 차지하였으며, 나머지는 7개 분류군이 12.9%를 차지하였다. 자치어는 총 7목 28과 37개의 분류군이 출현하였는데, 그 중 32개 분류군은 종 수준까지, 3개 분류군은 속 수준까지, 2개 분류군은 과 수준까지 동정하였다. 2월에는 2목 7과 12종, 5월에는 3목 5과 7종, 8월에는 6목 18과 21종, 11월에는 6목 14과 16종이 출현하였다. 주요 출현종으로서는 까나리가 자치어 출현량의 22.7%를 차지하여 가장 우점하였으며, 다음은 멸치가 16.7%, 동갈양태속 어류가 14.1%를 차지하였고, 노래미와 쥐노래미가 각각 5.7%와 5.5를 차지하였다. The ichthyoplanktons in coastal waters of Yongil Bay were sampled during four different months (February, May, August and November 2001) to study their distribution. The collected fish eggs were identified as belonging to nine species. The most dominant species Engraulis japonicus accounted for 63.4% of the total fish eggs, followed by Ammodytes personatus (23.7%) and Sardinops melanostictus (9.2%). The collected larvae and juveniles were identified into 37 taxa (28 families, 7 orders). Of these, 32 were identified to species, three were identified to genus and two were identified to family level. The dominant species Ammodytes personatus accounted for 22.7% of the total larvae and juveniles, followed by Engraulis japonicus (16.7%), and Repomucenus sp. (14.1%). These three taxa constituted 53.5% of the total collected larvae and juveniles.

THI 증상군에 영향을 주는 건강관련요인 연구

한창규,황규윤안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1996 순천향산업의학 Vol.2 No.1

To obtain the prevalence rate of health related symptoms of white collar workers who were not exposed to hazardous agent and to investigate the relationship between subjective symptoms & health related variables, 11,266 subjects who were employed for government organization & private educational institute in Seoul, Chungnam, Kyungpook area were studied in order to provide basic information for the health management of white collar workers. All th subjects visited hospitals to take biannual health examination provided Medical Insurance Association for the purpose of screening of several important adult disease. Todai Health Index(THI) questionnaire which is modified questionnaire of CMI made by Todai was selected for the questionnaire form of this study. During hospital visit for health examination, Todai Health Index questionnaire of 88 questions were filled up by the subjects themselves and confirmed by medical doctor. Major findings obtained were as follows: 1. The abnormal rate of screening test was 22.7% in male, 8.5% in female, and 19.2% in total subjects. The prevalence rate of disease was 13.2% in male, 4.9% in female & 10.9% in total subjects. 2. The prevalence rate of all diseases increased by age and th prevalence rate of male subjects were higher than female subjects in all age categories except that of the anemic disease. 3. While highest prevalence rate in all subjects was observed in cardiovascular disease(4.8%), the prevalence rate were 3.4% in liver disease, 2.0% in diabetic disease, 1.9% in pulmonary tuberculosis & chest disease, 0.5% in kidney disease and 0.4% anemic disease. Liver disease was more frequent in age group of below 29 years old and age group of 30-39 years old, but in older age groups(40-49 years old, above 50 years), cardiovascular disease was most frequent. 4. The highest mean score of THI symptom category was mental instability and the lowest one was skin & anus symptoms. The most frequent symptom of THI was "think a lot before action" in nervousness symptom category and mean scores of the female subjects in all symptom category were higher that those of male subjects. 5. In symptoms and signs of recent 3 months, the most frequent symptom and sign was "generalized fatigue" and mean score of it was 1.85. Multiple comparison analysis of health related factors revealed that "illness in health status" was the highest score(23.54) in male and sometimes drink & drunken in alcohol intake was th highest score(26.13) in female. 6. In multiple comparison analysis, health related factors such as health status, health management, diet habit, taste character, vegetable intake, coffee & beverage, alcohol intake were found to be associated with th overall THI symptom category in both sex and age and smoking in male, type of job in female were associated THI symptom category. 7. In stepwise multiple regression analysis of mean score of THI symptom category(dependent variable) and health related factors(independent variables), the variables of health health status, taste character and alcohol were contributed to THI symptom category in order and the highest correlation coefficient(r) was 0.4085 in male and 0.397 in female in health status of mental instability. 8. The significant health factors contribution to THI symptoms score in male subjects were, in multiple regression analysis with THI symptom category with dependent variable and health related factors with independent variables, health status, diet habit, alcohol intake, taste character, final diagnosis, coffe & beverage, type of job, age, smoking, health management, meat intake and in female were health status, type of job, diet habit alcohol intake, coffee & beverage consumption, screening test, age, health management. The most significant contribution factor among health related variables was health status in over all THI symptom category.

저질에 따른 꼬막(Tegillarca granosa)의 염분내성

한경호,진동수,추은경,이우범,이원교 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2000 環境硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The present study was conducted to know the salinity tolerance of the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus) caught in Gang-jin Bay from May to June in 2000. In the experimental groups of sandy-mud, the survival and infiltration rate were not bad at 20~40ppt, but all the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa died at more than 50ppt and less than 10ppt before the experiment finish. In the experimental groups of muddy, the survival and infiltration rate wrer not bad at 20~35ppt and then 40ppt, 45ppt. All the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa died at more than 50ppt and less than 10ppt. The infiltration rate was high at 25~35ppt in the both of two experimental groups. In the sandy-mud, the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa infiltrated less than half of their shells at 25ppt, 30ppt but in the muddy, they infiltrated more than half of their shells at 25ppt, 30ppt, 35ppt.

Experimental study on condensation heat transfer characteristics of special heat transfer tubes

한규일,박종운,권영철,조동현 대한설비공학회 2001 설비공학 논문집 Vol.13 No.9

In this study, condensation heat transfer characteristics were conducted with special heat transfer tubes of SH-C type. Experiments were carried out the saturated vapor temperature of 334K and the wall subcooling of 1.5-4.5K. The refrigerant was R-113 and the enhanced tubes used in the present study were SH-CDR, SH-CYR and SH-CHR. The experimental results showed that the condensation heat transfer coefficients of SH-C type tubes were about 23-66% higher than those of a low integral-fin tube. It was visualized that the condensed liquid on the outer surface of SH-C type tubes flowed continuously down unlike a low integral-fin tube and a plain tube, due to a 3-D extending fin on the outer surface of SH-C type tubes. As a result, the thermal resistance of the condensed liquid decreased and the heat transfer coefficient increased. Also, the enhancement ratio of SH-CDR tube was the highest, and it was about 9-11 times as compared to that of a plain tube.

긴장형 두통환자에서의 근막이완술이 뇌혈류 속도에 미치는 영향

서현규,한종만,이동호 대한정형물리치료학회 2002 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The aim of study carried out to determine the effects of myofascial release on the cranial arteries velocity from November 11, 2001 to March 29, 2002 the objects were 10 patients who having the tension-type headache at H-hospital This research compared with measure the mean flow velocity middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, vertebral cerebral artery. Result obtain were as follows; 1. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and after treatment for 10days experiment was significantly increased 9.76㎝/s(p<0.05)in right, 4.88㎝/s(p<0.05)in left. 2. Posterior cerebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and after treatment experiment was difference 6.35㎝/s(p<0.01)in right, 5.14㎝/s(p<0.01)in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 5days experiment was 11.48㎝/s(p<0.01)in right, 10.74㎝/s(p<0.01)in left, between pre treatment and treatment for 10days experiment was 12.92㎝/s(p<0.001)in right, 12.68㎝/s(p<0.001) in left. 3. Vertebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and post treatment experiment was difference 4.48㎝/s(p<0.05)in right, 6.10㎝/s(p<0.05)in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 5days experiment was 12.50㎝/s(p<0.001)in right, 14.40㎝/s(p<0.001)in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 10days experiment was 14.70㎝/s(p<0.001)in right, 13.90㎝/s(p<0.001)in left.

國民學敎 體育科 敎育課程의 變遷 硏究(II) : 1911年∼1987年을 中心으로

文東奎,趙漢武 仁川敎育大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.1