Essay on performance management and dysfunctional behaviors : a case of state-owned enterprises in South Korea

지수호 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

중·고교 학생들의 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 인식 및 관심수준이 만족도 및 학업성취도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박시윤 상명대학교 교육대학원 2018 국내석사

본 연구는 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 중·고교 학생들의 관심수준과 인식수준을 알아보고 나아가 그러한 수준에 따른 만족도 및 교육성과의 관계를 입증하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 서울시 소재의 중학교와 고등학교 각 2개교를 선정하여, 성별·학년별로 각 50명씩 총 200명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집한 데이터는 R프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고, 성별·학교별·학교급별에 따른 차이를 검증하기 위하여 여러 검정법을 사용한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 교과별 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 차이를 분석한 결과, 성별과 학교급별에 따라 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 관심 수준에 차이가 있었다. 교과별 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 학생들의 인식수준에 있어서는 중학생이 고등학생보다 자료의 다양성과 시험 적용성 부분에서 인식수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교과별 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 관심수준의 차이를 분석한 결과, 수행평가 도서목록에 관심이 있는 학생은 수행평가에 더 많은 시간을 소요하는 것으로 나타났다. 선택한 도서의 이용 방법과 유의미한 관계가 있었고, 수행평가 도서목록에 관심이 없는 학생은 추가 독서를 희망하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교과별 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 인식수준의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 인식여부에 따라 지식습득과 학업성취와의 관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또 선택기준과 만족도도 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 학생들은 다양한 분야의 도서를 접하려는 노력이 필요하다. 또한 수업과 시험, 지식습득에 필요한 정보를 스스로 얻으려고 노력해야 한다. 교사들은 사서와의 긴밀한 협력을 통해 수행평가 도서에서 필요한 정보와 콘텐츠를 개발하여 수업과 시험 등에 요약한 정보를 제공하여 이를 활용할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 나아가 서평쓰기, 토론 등 수행평가 도서의 활용방법을 확대하여 의견 공유, 발표능력 향상, 생각의 확장이 가능할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 둘째, 학교는 운영위원회·3자 협의회 등을 통하여 수행평가 도서목록에 대한 학생과 학부모, 교사 모두의 의견을 청취할 수 있는 자리를 마련하기 위해 노력해야 한다. 본 연구를 계기로 향후에는 더 다양하고 알찬 도서들로 구성된 수행평가 도서목록을 활용하여 보다 깊이 있는 연구가 진행되기를 기대한다. 주제어: 수행평가, 수행평가도서, 수행평가 도서목록, 만족도, 학업성취도, 관심, 인식, The purpose of this study is investigate the level of interest and awareness of middle and high school students on performance evaluation book list, and regarding the correlation analysis of general satisfaction and academic achievement. For this purpose, each of the two middle schools and high schools in Seoul were selected, a total of 200 people were surveyed for each 50 students in each gender and grade. The collected data were analyzed using the R program and the results of various test methods to verify differences according to gender, grade, school level. First, the analysis of differences in performance evaluation books by gender and school level showed that there were differences in level of interest in performance evaluation books according to demographic characteristics. In terms of the level of students ' perception of the list of performance evaluation books by students, middle school students have higher awareness levels in terms of diversity of materials and test applicability than high school students. Second, the analysis of differences in the level of interest in the list of performance evaluation books showed that students interested in the list of performance evaluation books spend more time evaluating performance. Students who are not interested in the list of performance evaluation books have been shown to be interested in reading additional books. Third, the analysis of differences in level of awareness in the list of performance evaluation books showed that the relationship between knowledge acquisition and academic achievement was high depending on whether they were ware. There was also a significant relationship between selection criteria and general satisfaction. Through this research, the following suggestions are made. First, students need to try to access books in various fields. They should also try to obtain information for themselves, such as classes, exams, and knowledge. Teachers should work closely with the librarians to develop the necessary information and content in the performance evaluation books and provide the information summarized in the classes and exams to utilize them. Furthermore, it is necessary to enlarge the utilization methods of evaluation books such as writing a review book and discussions so as to enable sharing of opinions, improvement of presentation skills and expansion of ideas. Second, the school should make efforts to provide a place to listen to the opinions of students, parents and teachers on the list of performance evaluation books through the steering committee and the tripartite council. I hope that this study will lead to a deeper study using the list of performance evaluation books composed of more diverse and detailed books. key words: General Satisfaction, Performance Evaluation Book, Academic Achievement

주관적 성과평가에서의 관대화 경향과 서술적 피드백

현정훈 서울대학교 대학원 2014 국내박사

This thesis is comprised of two related but independent essays, which examine the incentives of evaluators in subjective performance evaluation. I focus on the process of subjective performance evaluation because we know little about how evaluators give rating and provide narrative feedback, despite practical and academic importance of subjective performance evaluation. The first essay examines whether supervisors’ leniency in subjective performance evaluation is influenced by the prior performance information of subordinates. While prior studies have used proxies for leniency based on aggregate objective performance level or median of subjective scales, I develop the proxy for leniency at the performance measure level based on prior performance level which is found to be more relevant to the current subjective performance score. I analyze archival performance evaluation data of multiple state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Korea over multiple time periods which enables me to develop the new definition of leniency. Utilizing this data set, I empirically find that lenient rating persists over time, and that larger amount of leniency is applied to low prior performers and harshly evaluated performers in the previous period and smaller amount of leniency is applied to high prior performers and leniently evaluated performers in the previous period. The results have important implications for understanding the incentives of raters which differ with respect to their previous performance information. The second essay examines the determinants of narrative feedback amounts in subjective performance evaluation. The data of narrative feedbacks in Korean SOEs provides a unique setting to investigate the evaluators’ motivation for giving narrative feedback in subjective performance evaluation. I investigate the characteristics of performance measures, evaluators, and evaluatees that affect evaluators’ decision for the voluntary feedback about the evaluatees’ performance. I find that evaluators present large amount of narrative feedbacks about the highly weighted, long–tenured, and both high scored and low scored performance measures, and SOEs with large number of evaluators and large number of employees. More importantly, I divide narrative feedbacks into those of including suggestions and others, and find that the ratio of narrative suggestions to total narrative comments are associated with performance score, performance measure age and uniqueness, and evaluators’ experience, gender and evaluator group size. Overall, the evidence is consistent with evaluators giving substantial narrative feedback when evaluators face low information acquisition cost, high confrontation cost and high intrinsic motivation for providing comments.

A Study on the Necessity to Update the Contractor Performance Evaluation System in the Philippines

Hilario Jr. B. Baguec 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2021 국내석사

건설 프로젝트를 수행하려면 복잡하고 독특한 프로젝트 특성 상 해당 노력을 설계, 계획, 건설 및 유지관리할 독특한 팀이 필요하다. 프로젝트 수행 측정 기준이 프로젝트마다 다르지만 필리핀 정부는 도급업자 수행 평가 시 모든 유형의 기반시설 프로젝트에 적용할 수 있는 오직 하나의 기준 세트만 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구체적으로 기준의 백분율 중량을 위해 도급업자 수행 평가 지침을 업데이트해야 할 필요성을 살펴보았다. 연구에서 살펴볼 기준은 기량, 자재, 시간, 시설, 환경 안전과 안전 및 자원 배치다. 계층 분석 과정(Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP)을 통해 도로, 교량 및 홍수 관리 프로젝트 건설 단계에서 도급업자 수행 평가를 위한 프로젝트형 기초 기준 백분율 중량을 설정했다. 도급업자 프로젝트 수행을 평가하고자 새로운 평가 기준 백분율 중량을 적용했다. 새 평가 기준 백분율 중량을 적용한 후 도급업자 등급이 하락하기 때문에 많은 도급업자들이 등급에 불만을 제기할 가능성도 있다. 프로젝트 엔지니어 관점에서 볼 때, 모든 프로젝트 유형마다 다른 기준 중량 세트를 이용할 필요성이 제기되었다. 마지막으로 필리핀의 현 평가 기준에서는 기량이 도급업자를 평가하는 핵심이 되어야 한다고 언급하고 있지만, 본 연구 결과 항상 그런 것은 아니라는 결론이 도출되었다. A construction project requires a unique team to design, plan, construct, and maintain the endeavor due to the complex and unique nature of its projects. The Philippine government is using only one set of criteria applicable to all types of infrastructure projects in evaluating the performance of contractors even though performance measurement criteria vary from project to project. This research aims to study the necessity of an update for the guidelines in evaluating contractor performance, specifically for the percentage weight of the criteria. The criteria are workmanship, materials, time, facilities, environmental safety and health, and resource deployment. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to come up with a project-type base percentage weight for the criteria in evaluating contractor performance during the construction stage of road, bridge, and flood control project. The new percent weights of the evaluation criteria were applied to rate contractor project performance. A possibility that many contractors will be rated unsatisfactory using the identified percent weights of the evaluation criteria since the rating of the contractors decreased. Further, base on the project engineers’ perspective, the study found out the need to use a different set of the weight of the criteria in every type of project. Finally, the current evaluation criteria in the Philippines identified that workmanship must be the focus of the contractors, but this study concludes that this is not always the case.

Design of a Quantitative Evaluation Methodology for Government-sponsored R&D Programs using a Performance-Effectiveness-Efficiency Matrix

홍대근 포항공과대학교 일반대학원 2012 국내박사

This study proposes an evaluation methodology for government-sponsored R&D programs to manage and operate them effectively through objective and quantitative analysis. The proposed methodology considers three aspects: performance, effectiveness, and efficiency of R&D programs. First, the performance evaluation is defined as the examination of various performance indicators in the results achieved by R&D programs. In this evaluation, weighted-sum model is employed. This model considers the characteristics of three research types (basic, applied, development) and three performance criteria (science and technology, economy, society) with weights. Normalization is also applied to adjust different units of evaluation indicators by using z-scores in this model. Second, effectiveness evaluation measures an extent to what a program has achieved its objectives. In this evaluation, portfolio model is employed. This model compares R&D programs' targets which are set before starting R&D activities and the outputs which are really performed in R&D programs. Third, efficiency evaluation implies a measurement of how efficiently a system uses R&D programs' resources to generate outputs. In this evaluation, The BCC model in DEA is employed because R&D activity shows not only constant returns to scale but also varible returns to scale. AR model is also employed because the weight flexibility in DEA can produce unrealistic efficiency scores. Then a Performance-Effectiveness-Efficiency Matrix (PEE-Matrix) is developed based on the results of three evaluations to diagnose states and suggest guidelines of R&D programs. The PEE matrix can compare and analyze every program in terms of the score and rank. In order to apply the proposed methodology in practice, case study was performed in 16 R&D programs supported by a government foundation in Korea. And to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, an expert interview was carried out targeting nine program directors and two managers of the Frontier support center. The survey result showed that the proposed methodology is useful to evaluate and manage government-sponsored R&D programs. In last, this study provided a balanced view of R&D evaluation to analyze quantitatively the performance of government-sponsored R&D programs using the PEE matrix.

Study on hydrologic performance evaluation of green roof system with storm green roof response (SGRR) model

김현우 서울대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Until now, hydrological aspect of the green roof system has not been well known due to the focused attention to its aesthetic and thermal effects. However, since the limitation of the infrastructure expansion to the flood that occurred in the center of the big cities, green roof arose as an alternative solution. But, the absences of the evaluation method for the green roof system’s hydrological performance as well as a clear standard from green building certification program give the difficulties to the quantifying the effect and proper application of the system. Thus, the evaluation technique of the hydrologic performance of green roof system was developed in this research, and this technique laid the foundation of objective comparison and proposal of optimum green roof system by evaluating performance quantitatively. First, the performance evaluation factors were developed by analyzing hydrologic mass balance of green roof system. In this situation, the standards of performance evaluation are the flood mitigation effect and water resource management effect. The flood mitigation is evaluated by peak flow reduction ratio and peak flow time delay factors, and the water resource management is evaluated by total retention factor. This makes the reasonable evaluation of hydrologic performance of green roof system and the evaluation factors has reliability by the possibility of equivalent application at different climate and rainfall condition. On the basis of Lab & Field scale experiment applied performance evaluation factor developed in this study, Analysis of experimental group performance about evaluation item and performance difference depending on natural and material conditions was investigated. From that test, Investigation about possibility of Green roof system performance evaluation depending on different type of green roof on basis of same performance evaluation factor. and then, Performance analysis about material conditions (soil, vegetation, drain board), natural conditions (rainfall, evapotranspiration) was analysed. Finally, Storm Green Roof Response (SGRR) Model simulated the runoff of green roof system was used for evaluating the performance by applying developed factors. Then it was estimated the possibility for the performance evaluating model. This model simulates runoff quantity by using Modified Pul's Method from inflow and out flow relationship equation. The material conditions like soil and plants are possible to modify easily but the evapotranspiration amount is the natural condition and difficult to get the data normally, so the model is calibrated based on the measuring evapotranspiration data from Seoul National University No. 35. This model shows that high similarity between modeling result and experimental result at performance evaluation. So It is considered that being adaptable to hydrologic performance evaluation of green roof system.

인자분석법을 이용한 재무성과평가에 관한 연구 : 중국 G사의 사례를 중심으로

이찬호 전북대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내석사

As an important part of the manufacturing industry, the home appliance industry has a significant impact on the country's economic development. As an important part of modern enterprise management, financial performance evaluation has not only been valued by enterprise managers and owners, but also by many stakeholders such as creditors, potential investors and the government. Scientifically and effectively evaluating the operating results and financial performance of an enterprise is helpful for managers to discover and correct many problems in the business process, improve and optimize the efficiency of corporate governance, and formulate more accurate plans for the realization of future development goals. However, the development of modern enterprises is different from the past in both scale and form, and the traditional financial performance evaluation method with net profit as the core can no longer meet the development needs of modern enterprises. Enterprises need to find a financial performance evaluation method that fits their own industry attributes and development characteristics, so as to enhance the corporate value and meet the corporate management goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. This study selects G company as the research object. After introducing the industry background and own development environment of G company, the research significance of this study is given. Starting from the three aspects of financial performance influencing factors, financial performance evaluation methods and financial performance improvement strategies, the research status at home and abroad is reviewed and sorted, and then the current status of financial performance evaluation of G company is given, including its financial performance evaluation method and financial performance evaluation results. And analyzes the problems existing in the current financial performance evaluation. Combined with the industry attributes and characteristics of G company, select suitable financial indicators and financial performance evaluation methods, use EVA indicators as correction indicators, replace the traditional financial indicators corresponding to them, and construct a reflection of the profitability, operating ability, and solvency of the home appliance industry. The financial performance evaluation index system of the four aspects of ability and growth ability, uses factor analysis to analyze the selected 18 financial indicators, and then analyzes the influencing factors that affect the financial performance of G company according to the comparison results, and finally proposes to improve G. Strategies for the company's financial performance.

공영방송 경영평가제도 개선방향에 관한 연구

김학래 연세대학교 행정대학원 2005 국내석사

공영방송 경영평가제도는 공영방송 경영통제 시스템의 하나로서 경영의 자율성과 책임성을 담보할 수 있도록 하는 제도이다. 본 연구에서는 공영방송 경영평가제도에 있어서 제도상의 미비점과 운영과정에서 나타난 문제점을 도출하고 이를 개선하기위한 구체적인 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 공영방송 경영평가제도의 제도적 시원이 되는 정부투자기관 경영평가제도 등 공공부문 평가제도를 방송경영평가제도에 도입할 수 있는 참고 모델로서 연구하였다. 또 KBS, MBC, EBS 3개 공영방송의 현행 경영평가제도를 관련 법령과 최근 4년간의 경영평가 결과보고서를 통해 조사하였으며 연구자 본인의 실무적 경험 및 관계자와의 면담을 통해 문제점을 도출하고 그에 대한 개선방향을 제시함으로써 바람직한 평가제도의 모델을 만들고자 하였다. 공영방송 3사의 평가제도는 대부분 KBS의 제도에서 유래하여 대체로 유사하므로 기본 모델인 KBS를 중심으로 연구하고 MBC, EBS는 특별히 다른 경우에만 언급하였다. 연구결과 나타난 문제점과 그에 대한 개선방향을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공영방송 경영평가제도가 공영방송의 자율성을 침해하지 않으면서도 임무 이행 여부를 감독하기위한 시스템으로 기능하기 위해서는 평가의 주체는 외부기관이 되어서는 안 되며 내부 감독기관인 이사회가 계속 담당해야 한다. 경영평가단은 이사회를 대신하여 실제로 평가를 하는 독립적인 전문가 집단으로 보아야 한다. 둘째, 평가단의 구성과 선정방식은 전문성과 독립성을 보다 강화할 수 있는 방향으로 개선해야 한다. 피 평가기관으로부터 평가의 신뢰도나 권위가 높아지게 해야 하며 평가자로서의 사회적 책임을 인식하고 신망에 부응할 수 있는 윤리의식을 가져야 한다. 셋째, 현행 방송경영평가는 공익성 위주이다. 경영효율성 같은 기업성에 대한 평가를 강화하여 균형을 이룰 필요가 있다. 경영부문과 기술부문 중심으로 되어 있는 평가대상 법정 항목은 방송부문, 기술부문, 경영부문을 모두 포함한 내용으로 현실화시켜야 한다. 넷째, 경영평가의 피드백이 법적으로 제도화되어 있지 않아 평가결과가 공영방송의 운영과 경영개선에 적극적으로 반영되지 못하고 있다. 조직 구성원에 대한 인센티브 시스템 등의 적절한 동기부여와 함께 내부적인 경영 계획, 집행과 평가의 피드백을 통한 선순환이 효율적으로 이루어지게 만들어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 평가항목과 지표가 사전에 제시되어 방송사의 내부적인 경영목표가 될 수 있어야 한다. 다섯째, 평가지표에 일정 부분 계량지표를 도입하고 비 계량지표에 대한 평가도 등급별 평가를 실시해야 한다. 경영평가에 있어 계량화는 지속적으로 추구해야하나 완수하기는 어려운 과제이다. 현재 행해지고 있는 평가가 비록 비 계량지표 위주이지만 경영진단으로서의 효과도 상당하므로 공영방송의 경영개선에 기여하고 있다는 점은 부인할 수 없다. 경영평가제도의 미비점은 계속 개선하면서 보완해 나가야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서는 경영진을 포함한 방송계 전반의 평가제도에 대한 긍정적 수용과 활용의 의지가 더욱 절실하다 하겠다. The performance evaluation system of the public broadcasters, one of monitoring systems to control the management of the public broadcasters, is the method to make the autonomy and the responsibility of the management ensured. In this article, I tried to find systematic flaws of the performance evaluation system of the public broadcasters and the problems discovered in a real evaluating procedure and to propose concrete solutions to improve these problems. In order to do this, first of all, I studied the public evaluation systems such as a performance evaluation system of the government-invested enterprises, which is a methodical origin of the evaluation system of the public broadcasters, as case models which could be applied to the performance evaluation system of the public broadcasters. I examined current performance evaluation systems of 3 public broadcasters(KBS, MBC and EBS) by means of related legislations and the performance evaluation result reports for recent 4 years. I also explored the problems through practical experience of the researcher myself and interviews with the persons concerned. And I attempted to give the reasonable model of the evaluation system by suggesting the solutions for those problems. The performance evaluation systems of 3 public broadcasters are mostly derived from that of KBS and are generally alike. So I researched mainly KBS'' evaluation system as a basic model and commented on MBC and EBS'' cases especially when the differences are evident. The problems and the solutions found through this study are as follows. First, the subject to do the evaluation should not be an outside agency but an inside monitoring committee, that is, the board of the governors should remain a subject to direct the evaluation. This is because in that case the evaluation system of the public broadcasters would be properly functioned in supervising the actual performance of the broadcasters, not violating the autonomy of the broadcasters. And the performance evaluators should be regarded as an actually independent and professional group to evaluate the broadcasters on behalf of the board of the governors. Second, the method to compose and choose the evaluators is to be improved for strengthening professionalism and independence of the evaluators. And the evaluators should do their best to make the evaluation itself more credible and authoritative from the evaluated broadcasters and recognize social responsibility as evaluators and have morality to meet the social expectations. Third, the current performance evaluation systems of the public broadcasters are mainly concentrated on the public interest. They need to be balanced by reinforcing the evaluation in point of efficiency. The current legal evaluation items which are mostly consisted of those of the administrationfinance part and the technique part should be actualized including all the items in the broadcasting, technique and administrationfinance parts equally. Fourth, as the feedback from the evaluation are not legislated legally, the evaluation results are not positively convertible into an actual improvement on the management of the public broadcasters. The good cycle of feedback between plan, administration and evaluation with proper incentives for the broadcasting staffs should be realized efficiently. In order to do this, the evaluation items and detailed criteria should be made and presented to the broadcasters prior to the real administration so that they would be the inner management goals. Fifth, the metric performance indicators should be taken into the performance indicators in some part and the evaluation of the non-metric indicators should be done by grades. The measuring and figuring in the performance evaluation is to be done continuously but is a difficult task to fulfill. Although the current evaluation is mainly focused on the non-metric indicators, it has a considerable effect of diagnosing the management. So the fact that it contributes to improving the management of the public broadcasters cannot be denied. The defects of the performance evaluation system should be improved and reformed continuously. To accomplish this, an affirmative acceptance of the evaluation system and a strong will to use it on the part of the general broadcasting staffs including the executive members will be exceedingly needed.

다중기준을 고려한 건축 디자인 대안의 통합환경성능평가방법

배정익 延世大學校 大學院 2002 국내박사

20세기 환경에 대한 관심의 증대에 따른 건축적 대응으로써 최근 개발·시행되고 있는 환경성능인증제도 및 건물 환경성능향상을 위한 기타 의사결정 도구는 일반적으로, ① 건물 경제성에 대한 고려 부족, ② 건물 환경성능 평가기준 간 체계적 가중치 설정부재, ③ 국내 건설 산업 환경에 대한 반영 미비 등의 문제점에 의해 디자인 의사결정 실무단계에 직접 적용하기 어렵다는 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식에 연구 배경을 두고, 이를 해결하기 위해 ① 건물 환경성능평가기준 간 가중치 설정, ② 건물의 경제성 고려를 위한 비용-효과분석의 제시, ③ 다중기준을 고려한 건축 디자인 대안의 통합환경성능평가방법의 구축 및 이를 통한 디자인 대안의 선정 과정을 수행하였다. 각 연구 단계별 내용은 다음과 같다. ① 국내 건설 산업 환경을 고려한 환경성능평가기준 간 가중치 설정 건물의 환경성능평가기준 계층구조모델을 구성하고, 국내 건축 전문가 대상의 계층분석과정(AHP; Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 통하여 건물 환경성능평가기준 간 가중치를 설정하였다. ② 비용-효과분석(Cost-Effectiveness Analysis)을 이용한 통합평가방법 제시 건물 환경성능에 따른 경제성을 고려하고, 다중기준에 의해 발생하는 상이한 (difference) 척도(scale)를 통합평가하기 위하여, 비용-효과분석법(Cost -Effectiveness Analysis)을 이용한 통합평가방법을 제시하였다. 비용-효과분석은 금전적인 평가가 불가능한 건물의 환경성능을 단위비용에 따른 성능 효율성으로 평가함으로써 건물 디자인 환경성능에 대한 정량적 의사결정방법을 제공한다. ③ 파레토 최적해를 이용한 디자인 대안의 선정 건축 디자인 대안의 성능 평가결과를 비용-효과공간(cost-effectiveness space) 에 매핑(mapping)하고, 서로 충돌(conflicts)하기 쉬운 비용과 효과에 대한 적절한 성능 상호교환(trade-off)을 위하여, 파레토 최적해 기법을 이용한 최적 디자인 해집합 선정과정을 제시하였다. 건축은 다른 산업 활동에 비해 방대하고, 다양한 형태의 지구환경오염을 유발하며, 건물의 장수명 특성에 따라 일단 지어진 건물에 의한 영향은 장기간 지속된다. 따라서 건물의 환경성능 향상을 위해서는 건축 디자인 의사결정단계에서부터 대상 디자인 변수에 대한 구체적 고려가 이루여 져야 하는데, 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 다중기준의 특성을 지닌 건축 디자인 대안에 대한 의사결정 도구로써 통합환경성능평가방법을 제시하였다. 하지만, 본 연구에서 제시하는 통합환경성능평가방법이 개념적인 도구가 아닌 실용적인 의사결정 도구로써 사용되기 위해서는 무엇보다도, 건물 환경성능에 대한 기초 정보구축이 선행되어야 하며, 동시에 건물관계자(정부, 건축 전문가, 일반인 등) 모두의 환경성능에 대한 의식 향상이 선행되어야 한다. It has been over a decade since the World Commission on Environment and Development in the 1987 Brundtland Report brought attention to global issues of sustainable development. The construction and property sector has seen the development of a number of methods for evaluating environmental performance and building environmental assessment schemes for existing buildings and new designs. While the evaluation method has decision making design adaptation limitations in the evaluation process such as: 1. The lack of economic consideration of buildings. 2. The absence of a weight system among buildings' environmental performance criteria. 3. The insufficient adaptation to a vernacular construction environment. This study is aware of the aforementioned issues and will take action in the following steps: ① Laying weights on the building's environmental performance criteria, ② A presentation of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for the economic consideration of buildings, ③ Establishing integrated environmental performance evaluation methods of alternative design considering multi-criteria and choosing an alternative design. The steps of the study are as follows: 1. Decision of the weight from the building's environmental performance criteria. This study made a hierarchical structure model of the building's environmental performance criteria and decided the weight of the building's environmental performance criteria using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. 2. Presentation of an integrated evaluation method using Cost-Effective Analysis. This study presented an integrated evaluation method by means of Cost-Effective Analysis to integrate different scales resulting from multi-criteria. Cost-Effective Analysis presents quantitative decision making methods evaluating the unit cost effectiveness for the evaluation of buildings which are impossible to assess. 3. Decision-Making by Pareto Optimality. This study mapped the results of the environmental performance of design alternativeson Cost-Effective Space and presented the process deciding Optima Sets by Pareto Optimality for the proper performance trade-offs between the cost and effectiveness that are apt to conflict each other. The architecture industry is largely augmented when compared with other industries in regards to the possible contamination of the environment due to the effects of a building's construction longevity. For this reason, many design variables should be considered in the decision making process for the improvement of a building's environmental performance. This study presents an integrated environmental evaluation method as a decision making tool for a multi-criteria design alternative. However, the integrated evaluation method presented in this study should not be used as a mere theoretical tool but as a practical decision making tool. Information regarding the building's environmental performance should be collected and improved cognition of the persons concerned with the building's environmental performance should proceed cooperatively.

Determinants of police performance in Korean national police agency : focusing on personal factors

오대인 서울대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

The way to evaluate the performance of the public sector, including police duty, is so complex and complicated that some people even think it is impossible or inappropriate to evaluate the public sector. However, after emergence of New Public Management, “managing for result” has been emphasized in the public sector. With this trend, performance management in the public sector also has been a big issue. Policing also is one of the areas in which performance management was considered as having an important role. In 2006, South Korean government introduced performance management to all of the central administrative organizations by legislation of the Basic Act of Government Operation Evaluation to strengthen competitiveness of the public sector. By the same law, the Korean National Police Agency (KNPA) also enforced performance management system, i.e. Public Security Performance Overall Evaluation (PSPOE), to all the provincial agencies, police stations, auxiliary organizations and the KNPA itself as well. The PSPOE is generally divided into two categories, which are department evaluation and personal evaluation. The result of evaluations is utilized for planning, personnel management, education, foreign affairs, and etc. Every year, the KNPA tries to improve the PSPOE system. As a result, the KNPA was awarded as one of the top central government organizations in governmental evaluation from 2013 to 2016 in succession. However, there are still lots of criticisms inside and outside of the organization on the usefulness of the performance management and evaluation. Despite the controversy, there was little research on police performance management in South Korea, especially with regard to personal factors. Therefore, this study tried to find out the determinants of police performance in South Korea by focusing on personal factors. The data source was the 2014 Survey on Satisfaction of Performance Management conducted by the KNPA between Oct. 16 and 22, 2014. The number of the samples was 12,821. Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis was used. As a result, Gender, Age, Rank, Seniority, Understanding of the Evaluation System, and Acceptance of the Evaluation System showed significant impacts on the Personal Performance Grade.