진로의사결정의 방법, 단계, 유형이 대학생 진로의사결정의 질에 미치는 영향 = (The) effects of career decision-making methods, decision-making stages, and decision-making styles on the career decision-making quality of undergraduates

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is aimed at finding the effects of the career decision-making stages, career decision-making styles, and career decision intervention methods on the career decision-making quality in the career decision-making process, and at providing the empirical data on how to consider the individual differences for the career decision-making stages and style in the selection of the intervention method for the career decision in career counseling
We conducted a test that applied three career decision-making intervention methods for 191 students of K University in Seoul, and examined the research projects as follows. First, we examined the difference of the career decision-making quality(confidence for the alternative choice, effectiveness for the method used in choice, and the number of considerations in choice) according to the career decision-making intervention methods(Table-for Choice, Circle-for Choice, Direction-for Choice). Second, we examined the differences of the career decision-making quality according to the career decision-making stages(prescreeing, in-depth exploration, and choice). Third, we examined the differences of the career decision-making quality according to the career decision-making styles(rational, intuitive, and dependent). Fourth, we examined the interaction effect between the career decision-making stages and the career decision-making intervention methods for the career decision-making quality. Fifth, we examined the interaction effect between the career decision-making styles and the career decision-making intervention methods for the career decision-making quality.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, we conducted the one-way ANOVA to find the difference of confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations according to the career decision-making intervention methods. As a result, it showed that the confidence level of students who participated in Circle-for Choice was significantly higher than the level of students who participated in Direction-for Choice. Also, it showed that the effectiveness level of students who were participated in Direction-for Choice was significantly higher than the level of students who participated in Circle-for Choice. And it was discovered that the number of considerations of students who participated in Circle-for Choice were significantly larger than the students who participated in Table-for Choice and Direction-for Choice.
Second, we conducted the one-way ANOVA to find the differences of confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations according to the career decision-making stages. As a result, it showed that students on the choice stage were the most confident about the career alternatives they’d chosen and the confident levels were significantly higher in the in-depth exploration stage and the prescreeing stage. In the difference of the effectiveness level, it showed that students on the in-depth exploration stage thought that the most effective stage for the career decision-making intervention method applied to them. The number of considerations weren’t significantly affected to choose any career decision-making stage.
Third, we conducted the one-way ANOVA to find the difference of confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations according to the career decision-making styles. As a result, it showed that the difference of confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations among career decision-making styles wasn’t significant.
Forth, we conducted the two-way ANOVA to find the interaction effect between the career decision-making stages and career decision intervention methods for confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations. But, the interaction effect between the career decision-making stages and career decision intervention methods wasn’t significant.
Fifth, we conducted the two-way ANOVA to find the interaction effect between the career decision-making styles and career decision intervention methods for confidence, effectiveness, and the number of considerations. But, the interaction effect between the career decision-making stylesand career decision intervention methods wasn’t significant.
The significances of this study are as follows.
First, we introduced and verified new career decision intervention methods based on the rational, intuitive, and dependent features and expand the width of the intervention methods which can be used for career counseling.
Second, we checked that the career decision making utilizes the intuition and emotion in the career decision-making process and gives students higher confidence for the alternative choice.
Third, the positive leading and intervention of the professional and authoritative counselor which is very effective in our culture be double checked.
Forth, we suggest new views for the career decision-making styles. That is, we introduce the results that can consider the dependent styles which many people have recognized as the style to be rejected or the intuitive style in which the evaluation has been unclear.
Fifth, we check that the career decision making is better effective when the intervention method suitable to the career decision-making stage is selected and applied.
However, this study is targeted for students of K University in Seoul, and the results aren’t applied to all undergraduates. So, we recommend that the follow-up study arranges the control group and expands the amount of participants to include students of many universities which will contribute to results that can be utilized more effectively.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 진로의사결정 과정에서 진로의사결정단계, 진로의사결정유형, 진로결정 개입방법이 진로의사결정 질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아봄으로써 진로상담에서 진로결정을 위한 개입방법을 선택할 때 진로의사결정단계와 진로의사결정유형 두 가지 개인차를 어느 정도 고려해야 하는지에 대한 경험적 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다.
이를 위해 서울의 K대학교 재학생 191명을 대상으로 세 가지 진로결정 개입방법을 적용해 실험을 실시하고 다음과 같은 연구문제에 대해 알아보았다. 첫째, 진로결정 개입방법(비교평가를 통한 선택, 연상을 통한 선택, 자문을 통한 선택)에 따른 진로의사결정의 질(선택 안에 대한 확신성, 선택 시 사용한 방법에 대한 효과성, 선택 시 고려한 요인 수)의 차이를 살펴보았다. 둘째, 진로의사결정단계(사전선별단계, 심층탐색단계, 선택단계)에 따른 진로의사결정 질의 차이를 살펴보았다. 셋째, 진로의사결정유형(합리형, 직관형, 의존형)에 따른 진로의사결정 질의 차이를 살펴보았다. 넷째, 진로의사결정 질에 대한 진로의사결정단계와 진로결정 개입방법의 상호작용 효과를 살펴보았다. 다섯째, 진로의사결정 질에 대한 진로의사결정유형과 진로결정 개입방법의 상호작용 효과를 확인하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 진로결정 개입방법에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수의 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석을 실시한 결과 연상을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 확신성 수준이 자문을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 확신성 수준보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 자문을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 효과성 수준이 연상을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 효과성 수준보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 연상을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 고려요인 수는 비교평가를 통한 선택과 자문을 통한 선택에 참여한 학생들의 고려요인 수보다 유의미하게 많은 것을 알 수 있었다.
둘째, 진로의사결정단계에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수의 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석을 실시한 결과, 선택단계 학생들이 자신이 선택한 직업대안에 대해 가장 확신하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 확신성 수준이 심층탐색단계, 사전선별단계 보다 유의미하게 높았다. 효과성 수준의 차이를 살펴본 결과 심층탐색단계 학생들이 자신에게 적용된 진로결정 개입방법에 대해 가장 효과적이라고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 진로의사결정단계 별 선택 시 고려요인 수의 차이는 유의미한 수준이 아니었다.
셋째, 진로의사결정유형에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수의 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석을 실시한 결과, 진로의사결정유형 간의 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수의 차이가 유의미하지 않았다.
넷째, 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수에 대한 진로의사결정단계와 진로결정 개입방법 간의 상호작용 효과를 알아보기 위해 이원분산분석을 실시하였으나, 진로의사결정단계와 진로결정 개입방법 간의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하지 않았다.
다섯째, 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수에 대한 진로의사결정유형과 진로결정 개입방법 간의 상호작용 효과를 알아보기 위해 이원분산분석을 실시하였으나, 진로의사결정유형과 진로결정 개입방법 간의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하지 않았다.
본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 합리형, 직관형, 의존형의 특징을 기반으로 한 새로운 진로결정 개입방법을 소개하고 검증하여 진로상담 시 사용할 수 있는 개입방법의 폭을 넓혔다는데 의의가 있다.
둘째, 진로의사결정과정에서 직관과 정서를 활용한 진로의사결정이 선택안에 대한 확신을 높여주는 방법임을 확인하였다.
셋째, 우리문화에서는 전문성과 권위를 갖춘 상담자의 주도적이고 적극적 개입이 매우 효과적일 수 있다는 주장을 다시 한 번 확인하였다.
넷째, 진로의사결정유형에 대한 새로운 시각을 제시 하였다. 그간 지양해야 할 유형으로 인식되어 온 의존형이나 평가가 모호했던 직관형에 대해 제고해 볼 수 있는 결과를 제시하였다.
다섯째, 진로의사결정단계에 맞는 개입방법이 선별 적용되었을 때 진로의사결정이 더 효과적일 수 있음을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다.
그러나 본 연구는 서울 소재 K대학 학생들만을 대상으로 하여 실험을 실시하였으므로, 본 연구 결과가 모든 대학생 집단을 대표하는 것으로 보기에는 무리가 있을 수 있다. 후속 연구에서는 통제집단을 배치하고, 참여자를 모집 여러 대학의 학생들로 확대하는 것도 결과의 활용도를 높이는데 기여할 것으로 본다. 또한, 진로결정 개입방법 중 연상을 통한 선택법이 직관을 활용하도록 고안된 방식이나 직관의 여러 가지 특성 중 선택 안에 대한 정서적 반응은 잘 반영하는 반면, 결정에 소요되는 시간, 사용되는 정보의 양, 불확실성의 정도, 맥락 등의 다양한 요소를 검증하지 못한 제한점이 있었다. 따라서 후속 연구에서는 직관적방식의 여러 측면을 동시에 알아 볼 수 있도록 연상을 통한 방식을 수정 보완하여 적용하면 더욱 풍부한 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ι. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구 문제 9
• 3. 용어의 정의 10
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 12
• 1. 진로의사결정 12
• 2. 진로의사결정단계 26
• 3. 진로의사결정유형 31
• 4. 진로결정 개입방법 41
• 5. 진로의사결정의 방법, 단계, 유형 간의 관계 45
• ΙΙΙ. 연구방법 52
• 1. 실험설계 52
• 2. 연구대상 53
• 3. 연구도구 55
• 4. 실험절차 59
• 5. 자료처리 66
• Ⅵ. 연구결과 68
• 1. 진로결정 개입방법, 진로의사결정단계, 진로의사결정유형 별 분포 68
• 2. 진로결정 개입방법에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수 69
• 3. 진로의사결정단계에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수 73
• 4. 진로의사결정유형에 따른 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수 76
• 5. 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수에 대한 진로의사결정단계와 진로결정
• 개입방법의 상호작용 효과 79
• 6. 확신성, 효과성, 고려요인 수에 대한 진로의사결정유형과 진로결정
• 개입방법의 상호작용 효과 84
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 91
• 1. 논의 91
• 2. 연구의 의의 108
• 3. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 109
• 참고문헌 111
• 부 록 133
• ABSTRACT 148

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