침적 해양폐기물 수거사업과 자원 및 해양환경 조사사업의 연계방안에 대한 고찰

김정협,장철호,김광태,Kim, Jeong-Hyop,Jang, Cheol-Ho,Kim, Gwang-Tae 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회지 Vol.15 No.1

While fishery has been continuously suffering from deteriorating economic feasibility, the amount of the deposited marine litter has been increasing due to an increased number of marine leisure tourists which are caused by an improved quality of life and five-day work week. In addition, the fishery area has been reduced by the reclamation projects and it is being destroyed by marine pollution with a variety of contaminants coming from land and sea. To protect and improve fisheries in these poor conditions, Korean governments have implemented the submerged marine litter collection projects. However, previous research results on the marine environment and resources indicate that it requires a lot of time investment to achieve tangible results of such improvement. The 300 billion won marine environment and resource investigation project has been executed since July 2004 by Korean governments, which demands strategic approaches to obtain more effective and satisfactory results before the project expires in 2013. Ocean environment research institutes and governments need to cooperate each other to gain efficient and reasonable achievement by identifying and linking related projects. This study suggests that the marine environment and resources investigation projects should run parallel with the submerged marine litter collection projects on mutually agreed research items in the identical area of the ocean to obtain cost-effective improvement of marine environment and fishery conditions.

선박자동식별장치(AIS)를 이용한 이어도 종합해양과학기지 주변 통항 선박의 분류: 2013년 11월 21일~30일

홍단비,양찬수,Hong, Dan-Bee,Yang, Chan-Su 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2014 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구에서는 2013년 11월 21일부터 30일까지 9일간 이어도 종합해양과학기지에 선박자동식별장치(AIS)를 설치하여 관할해역과 한 중 잠정조치수역의 항행 선박 및 어업활동을 모니터링하기 위해 선박정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 AIS 원시자료는 자체적으로 개발된 프로그램을 이용해 선박의 고유정보(해상이동업무식별번호, IMO 번호, 호출 부호, 선명 등)와 위치정보(위치, 속력, 침로 등)를 추출하고, 국적과 선종 정보만을 이용해 선박을 분류하였다. 선박의 국적 정보는 해상식별부호(MID)로 파악되는데, 소형선박에서 많이 탑재하고 있고 기능이 보다 간소화된 소출력의 Class B AIS는 국제해사기구(IMO)의 탑재 요건을 따르고 있지 않아 국적을 알 수 없는 선박이 다수 존재함을 확인하였다. 국적 정보를 가지고 있는 선박 중에서는 중국선박과 한국선박이 많았으며, 선종정보를 가지고 있는 선박 중에서는 화물선, 어선 순으로 많았다. 또한 국적을 알 수 없는 선박의 특성을 파악하기 위해 이어도해양과학기지 주변의 항행빈도수가 높은 중국선박과 한국선박의 항적과 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 국적미상 선박이 중국선박의 항행경로와 높은 유사성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 해역에서 중국어선은 선단의 형태로 자주 출몰하는 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we installed the Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver on the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) from November 21 to 30, 2013 in order to monitor marine traffic and fishery activity in the jurisdictional sea area. The collected AIS raw data consist of static data report (MMSI, IMO NO., Call Sign, Ship Name, etc.) and position information report (position, speed, course, etc.), and the developed program was applied to classify ships according to ship flag and type information. The nationalities are released from the first three-digit numbers (MID) of MMSI, but in general most of small ships do not send an exact ship flag through Class B type AIS, a simplified and low-power equipment. From AIS data with flag information, ships under the flag of China had the highest frequency and the second was Korean flag, while in ship type cargo and fishing vessels were dominant in sequence. As for the ships without flag information, we compared the tracks with others in order to estimate ship flags. It can be said that fleets of ships with Chinese frequently appear sail together for fisheries over the waters, because the unknown ships followed a similar moving pattern with Chinese fishing vessels.

시간 경과에 따른 저류층 압력 상승이 파이프라인, 탑사이드 및 주입정 내 CO₂ 거동에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치해석적 연구

민일홍,허철,최윤선,김현욱,조맹익,강성길,Min, Il Hong,Huh, Cheol,Choe, Yun Seon,Kim, Hyeon Uk,Cho, Meang Ik,Kang, Seong Gil 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2016 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.19 No.4

해양 CCS는 화력발전소에서 배출되는 $CO_2$를 포집하여 해양 지중의 대수층이나, 고갈 유가스전까지 수송하여 저장하는 기술이다. 시간 경과에 따라 지중 저장소로 주입 및 저장되는 $CO_2$의 누적 양이 증가하며, 이는 저류층 압력의 상승을 동반한다. 저류층 압력의 상승은 수송 및 주입 시스템의 운전조건 변화를 유발한다. 따라서 초기 설계단계에서 이러한 사업시간의 경과에 따른 운전조건 변화를 반영한 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 동해 대륙붕에 위치한 가스전을 $CO_2$ 저장소로 활용할 경우 시간 경과에 따른 해양 수송 및 주입 시스템 내 $CO_2$ 거동을 수치해석적 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체 시스템을 해저 파이프라인, 라이저, 탑사이드, 주입정으로 구성하고, 이를 OLGA 2014.1을 이용하여 모델링 및 해석하였다. 약 10년의 주입 운전기간동안 해저 파이프라인, 라이저, 탑사이드, 주입정에서의 $CO_2$ 압력과 온도, 상거동의 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 해저 파이프라인 입구 압축기, 탑사이드 열교환기 및 주입정 정두 제어 등의 설계 방안을 제시하였다. Offshore CCS technology is to transport and inject $CO_2$ which is captured from the power plant into the saline aquifer or depleted oil-gas fields. The more accumulated injected $CO_2$, the higher reservoir pressure increases. The increment of reservoir pressure make a dramatic change of the operating conditions of transport and injection systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze the effect of operating condition variations over the injection period in early design phase. The objective of this study is to simulate and analyze the $CO_2$ behavior in the transport and injection systems over the injection period. The storage reservoir is assumed to be gas field in the East Sea continental shelf. The whole systems were consisted of subsea pipeline, riser, topside and wellbore. Modeling and numerical analysis were carried out using OLGA 2014.1. During the 10 years injection period, the change of temperature, pressure and phase of $CO_2$ in subsea pipelines, riser, topside and wellbore were carefully analyzed. Finally, some design guidelines about compressor at inlet of subsea pipeline, heat exchanger on topside and wellhead control were proposed.

해양심층수 에너지자원 이용 타당성 분석 연구

김정협,김광태,박세헌,오위영,김현주,Kim, Jeong-Hyop,Kim, Gwang-Tae,Park, Se-Hun,Oh, Wee-Yeong,Kim, Hyeon-Ju 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Annual power consumption of our country is positioned in the upper percentile in the world, and because the proportion of fossil power generation is high, which ranks the 10th $CO_2$ emission country. In this regard, government has established and is implementing the National Energy Basic Plan to realize to get out of fossilization in energy supply while focusing on securing the technology for renewable energy as well as its commercialization in order to reduce greenhouse gas. Resource recovery technology for deep seawater thermal energy which is one of renewable energies is newly getting attention domestically as well as in overseas for securing resources and environmental improvement as a core technology for multilateral use of marine resources for low carbon and green growth. Economic feasibility analysis was conducted for the research and development as follows on the use of ocean thermal energy conversion and seawater air conditioning. First, in the case of power generation using deep seawater and warm discharge water from ocean thermal energy conversion plant of 1MW level, it is judged that the economic feasibility is insufficient but the feasibility will be significantly improved if we consider not only power generation but also drinking water and certified emission reduction by developing the power plant to the size for commercialization. Second, the economic feasibility for the use of deep seawater as air conditioning for the power plant of 1,000RT level turned out to be very good. Especially, when we consider certified emission reduction, it will be possible to secure sufficient economic feasibility. When we use it in connection with ocean thermal energy conversion, water conversion and agricultural and fishery use, it is judged that economic ripple effect will be significant and therefore it will be necessary to conduct research and development for early commercialization, distribution and diffusion of deep seawater energy.

수거된 해양패기물 자원화 기술 개발(I) - 해양패기물의 폐기물 연료화 -

길상인,윤진한,최연석,강창구,유정석,Keel Sang-In,Yun Jin-Han,Choi Yeon-Seok,Kang Chang-Gu,Yu Jeong-Seok 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2002 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 수거된 해양폐기물을 원료로 이용하여 폐기물연료(RDF : Refuse Derived Fuel)를 제조하는 공정 개발을 목적으로 하고 있으며, 산업용 연료로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 제조된 RDF의 물성분석을 분석하였다. 해양폐기물은 로우프에서의 납제거와 파쇄 그리고 해저 슬러지의 세척과 같은 전처리, 그리고 가연성분의 입자화 공정을 통하여 해양폐기물이 에너지로 변환하는 것이 가능하게 되었다. 이와 같은 해양폐기물 자원화 공정은 수거 폐기물의 환경적 처리는 물론 대체에너지 확보의 측면에서 매우 유익한 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is the RDF process development for the disposal of marine debris, and physical properties of RDF was analyzed for the reliability as a industrial fuel. By the separation of lead from the waste rope and the pelletizing of burning material, marine debris changes to fuel resources. The resource recycling process is effective in the clean treatment of waste and the secure of substitute energy.

IMO의 선박기인 CO₂ 배출 규제 동향 및 고찰

정노택,Jung, Rho-Taek 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2011 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.14 No.1

국제해사기구의 해양환경보호위원회에서 CO₂ 배출량 감축의 지구적 노력에 동참하기 위해 최근 선박에서 대기로 방출하는 CO₂의 양을 지수화 하고자 하는 논의가 활발히 진행중이다. 그 대표적인 지수로서 신조선 설계 건조시에 적용하는 에너지 효율지수(EEDI : Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships)와 현재 또는 건조 후 항행시에 운항선에 적용되는 에너지 효율지표(EEOI : Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator), 그리고 운항선의 에너지 효율관리 계획(SEEMP : Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)등이다. 본 지수는 선박을 설계 건조시부터 각 선박당 CO₂의 배출값을 산정하고 운항시에도 CO₂배출을 개량하고 이를 감축하는 방안을 모색하도록 유도하는 조치가 될 것이다. 향후 3년내에 발효될 수 있는 임박한 CO₂선박 배출 규제를 조사 분석하고 향후 발전방향을 모색해 보고자 한다. Since 2003, policies and practices related to the reduction of CO₂ gas emission from ships has been discussing by the International Maritime Organization. The representative emission index and indicator are the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for the new ships and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) during the voyage. For the CO₂ emission monitoring system, the SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) is also on the table. This global preparations to reduce theCO₂ emission is not except for the surface transportation. This research report elucidates the recent stream on the IMO CO₂ emission from ship and detail explanation on the EEDI and EEOI.

동해 표층수 중 영양염과 Chlorophyll α의 분포 특성

윤상철,윤이용,Yoon, Sang Chol,Yoon, Yi Yong 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2016 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.19 No.2

2009년 7월 3일부터 7월 27일까지 러시아 조사선 R/V Lavrentyev를 이용하여 러시아 연안으로부터 4개의 Line(D, R, E, A)을 따라 표층 30 m 수심의 시료를 26개의 정점(울릉분지와 일본분지를 포함한 동해의 전 수역)에서 채수하여 영양염 및 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 농도를 분석하였다. 냉수역보다 난수역에서 1.4배 높은 질산염을 제외한 나머지 항목들은 모두 난수역보다 냉수역에서 높게 나타났다($NH_4$, $PO_4$ 각 1.8배, $Si(OH)_4$ 1.2배, 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 1.9배). 암모니아와 인산염, 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 수평분포는 매우 유사한 분포를 보이며, 한류와 저층수의 용승 영향권에 있는 러시아 근해에서 최대치를 보이고, 울릉분지에서 비교적 낮은 분포를 보인다. 반면, 질산염은 대마난류수의 직접적인 영향권에 있는 울릉분지에서 최대치를 보이며, 점차 북상할수록 감소한다. N/P 비는 한류수계보다 대마난류 중층수에서 가장 높은 값을 보이며, 대마난류수는 동해로 유입되는 질산염의 주요 공급원으로 작용하고 있다. 그러나 난수역에서 인산염의 평균 농도는 $0.2{\mu}M$ 이하로 식물플랑크톤 성장의 제한 요인으로 작용할 수 있는 반면, 냉수역에서의 높은 농도는 엽록소-${\alpha}$와 직접적인 상관성을 보이고 있다. 해양환경에 영향을 미치는 주요인을 분석하기 위한 주성분 분석결과 주성분 I은 수온에 의해 동해의 해양환경이 주로 영향을 받으며, 주성분 II는 영양염과 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 가 주요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 연구해역의 해양환경은 수온에 지배되며, 그에 따라 냉수역과 온수역으로 구분되는 특성을 보였다. During the period between July 3 and 27 of 2009, water samples were collected from the Russian coast at a depth of 30m from 26 stations (including Ulleung and Japan basins) onboard the Russian survey vessel R/V Lavrentyev following 4 lines (D, R, E, and A). The samples were analyzed for nutrients and chlorophyll a contents. All parameters exhibited higher values in warm waters than in cold waters ($NH_4:1.8-fold$, $PO_4:1.8-fold$, $SiO_2:1.2-fold$, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$:1.9-fold), except nitrates, which was 1.4-fold higher in cold waters than in warm waters. The horizontal distribution of ammonia, phosphate, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ was very similar to each other and showed the highest values in the waters near Russia, where a upwelling influence of cold current and bottom water prevails, while relatively low distribution was observed at the Ulleung Basin. On the other hand, nitrates showed the highest concentration at the Ulleung Basin, which is under the direct influence of the Tsushima warm water, and showed a gradual decrease northward. The N/P ratio showed the highest value in the Tsushima middle water, rather than in the North Korean Cold Water, the Tsushima Warm Water was the primary source of nitrate flow into the East Sea. However, the average concentration of phosphate in the warm waters was < $0.2{\mu}M$, thereby limiting phytoplankton growth, while a high concentration of phosphate in cold waters showed a direct correlation with chlorophyll-${\alpha}$. The results of principal component analysis for the identification of primary factors that influence the marine environment showed that principal component I was water temperature and principal component II was influenced chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ and nutrients. Therefore, Study area has greatest influenced by water temperature, and clearly distinct cold and warm water regions were observed in the East Sea.

엔진오일 상태점검을 위한 프로브 시스템 구현

김영주,Kim, Young-Ju 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In this paper, in order to measure the degree of degradation using the reflection coefficient of the probe, the measuring circuit is designed. we put pulse signal into the probe and measure the reflected signal in the circuit. As the condition of engine oil degradation, we can see that the reflected signal was increased and as the engine oil temperature increases, a phenomenon shows that the degradated dielectric constant is decreased. Finally, the theoretical values and measured values of the reflection coefficients of the probe are analyzed.

조력에너지 개발사업의 해양환경영향평가 스코핑 방안

감민재,김귀영,전경암,유준,이대인,엄기혁,Kam, Min-Jae,Kim, Gui-Young,Jeon, Kyeong-Am,Yu, Jun,Lee, Dae-In,Eom, Ki-Hyuk 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This paper assessed environmental impact of tidal power plant construction in the western sea of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment. We also proposed key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement for environmental impact assessment (EIA). The establishment of a broad consensus of the appropriateness and a clear purpose for business is an important aspect of the aptness of using the waters, and the aggressive collecting of opinions of the stakeholder and institutions will have to be fulfilled. In addition, we presented the following scoping plan in order to minimize the negative effects of the marine ecosystem and the conflict between the people who work in the fishing industry which result due to the construction of the tidal power plants. (1) the change in seawater exchange rates and the aspect of erosion/sedimentation which result from the change in the velocity of running fluid, (2) the destruction of spawns/habitats of fish due to the damage of tidal flats, (3) fishery resources, impacts of fishing grounds, and the spread of suspended sediments, etc. will have to be applied to the key assessment items(scoping). In addition, every citizen will have work hard for an establishment of an active plan which achieves the harmony and balance of environmental preservation and for the policy to be applied through changing their consciousness of environmental preservation.

엔진오일 상태에 대한 프로브의 이론 특성

김영주,Kim, Young-Ju 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Depending on the status of the engine oil, the dielectric constant is changed. Dielectric constant of oil is related to the characteristic impedance of the probe and the characteristic impedance of the probe determines the reflected signal. In this paper, we derive an equivalent circuit of the probe and using the dielectric constant obtained by measuring the capacitance, the theoretical reflection coefficient of the probe was calculated. In the results, if the engine oil is deteriorated, we can see that the reflection coefficient is increased.