교육과정 변천에 따른 초등학교 수학 교과서 비(比) 관련 내용 분석

이순주,정은실 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

본 연구에서는 비(比) 관련 내용이 교수요목기부터 제7차 교육과정까지 초등학교 교과서에 어떻게 반영되었는지에 대해 분석하고 이를 통해 앞으로의 비 관련 내용 지도에 대한 교육적 시사점을 찾아보았다. The present study purposed to analyze how contents related to ratio have been reflected in elementary textbooks from the period of the Syllabus(Gyosuyomok) to the 7th Curriculum, and to find their educational implications for contents related to ratio in the future. The results of analyzing contents related to ratio by curriculum are as follows. In the aspect of changes in teaching contents and order, the period of the Syllabus covered five contents but with the development of curriculum, all of the 10 contents were taught. In the aspect of changes in teaching methods, in the period of the Syllabus and the 1^(st) and 2^(nd) Curriculums, concepts and procedures were explained using situations in everyday life, but in the 3^(rd) and 4^(th) Curriculums, the use of life situations decreased. In the 5^(th), 6^(th) and 7^(th) Curriculums, mathematical situations were neglected and only mathematical elements were applied and life situations were used. The methods of presenting learning contents developed from 'dialogue' in the period of the Syllabus and the 1^(st) Curriculum to 'simple explanation' in the 2^(nd) Curriculum, 'task suggestion' in the 3^(rd)~6^(th) Curriculums and 'activity instruction' in the 7^(th) Curriculum. Based on the result of textbook analysis, we find a number of educational implications as follows. First, it is necessary to introduce earlier contents related to ratio, which are currently presented in the 6^(th)-year class. Because the sense of ratio is formed in the early stage of children's development, programs for intuitive understanding of ratio should be developed and applied from low grades. Second, research should be made on desirable order of teaching in consideration of students' understanding level. Third, specific life situations and learning materials should be presented to students so that they can make proportional reasoning actively. In order to get out of teaching through presenting simple life situations, practicing outward expressions of ratio and emphasizing algorithms, realistic life situations containing various elements should be presented.

일본의 초등학교 학습지도요령에서 보이는 환경교육 내용의 고찰

공영태,김성규 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of the environmental education in the revised Japanese national curriculum from the viewpoint the goals and content. The findings of this study were as follows: However, Japan had not a subject related in environmental education, they operated the cooperation system for support the environmental education in elementary school education. All of subjects in elementary school education deal with a content of environmental education. The suggestive ideas which is useful for study of Korean environmental education were deduced, such as more expansion of contents, enhancing the guidance book, and more enhancement of cooperation between several subjects.

HYBRID VOLTERRA SYSTEM WITH TWO TYPES OF IMPULSES

Park, Jong-Seo,S.A. Belbas,Kim, Seon-Yu 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 충격을 받는 조건이 두 가지 유형과 다중 적분을 갖는 볼테라 적분 방정식의 어떤 특성을 포함하는 방정식의 색다른 부류를 조직적으로 확립하고 분석해 보고자 한다. 여기서 우리는 반복하는 방법에 의하여 주어진 조건의 적분방정식에 대한 해의 존재성과 유일성을 구조적으로 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 논문을 통한 발전적인 연구가 수행되면 여러 가지 자연현상을 모델화하여 적용함으로 인해 이론적인 부분뿐만 아니라 응용적인 면에서 아주 많이 적용될 것으로 생각되며 전자공학, 자동제어, 생물학, 의학 등의 다양한 실생활의 문제에 활용이 가능한 충분한 가치가 있으리라 생각한다. In this paper, we formulate and analyze a novel class of equations that contain some of the characteristics of Volterra intergral equations with multiple integrals and two types of impulsive terms. We will give a constructive proof of existence and uniqueness of solutions by an iteration method.

초등학교 체험학습장으로서 경상남도수목원 분석

최영미,박강은 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic materials for more positive meaningful spot learning through survey and comparison of the science textbook of the elementary school and plant materials within the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum and linkage with the science textbook for more systematic and efficient learning plan of the spot learning in the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum of the field schools. Accordingly the following study questions were established in order to accomplish the purpose of the study. First. the textbook will be analyzed to figure out how many species are suggested in the science textbook of the elementary school and how many numbers they are. Second, it will be examined what kind of plants are planted in the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum. Third, it will be examined what kind of plants can be taught in each grade of the elementary school by a small glower garden of the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum Fourth. it will compose illustrating teaching materials for the subject of plants shown in common in each small flower garden of the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum and the science textbook. The results of this study are as following. First, total plant species presented in the science textbook of the elementary school are 159 and 49 species in the 1st grade (25%), 38 species in the 2nd grade (23%), 81 species in the 3rd grade (51%), 41 species in the 4th grade, 74 species in the 5th grade and 37 species in the 6th grade (23%) were proved so that the most species were presented in the 3rd grade. Second, 509 species plants in 17 small flower gardens of the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum are planted and the flowering tree garden out of each flower garden showed the most plant holding amount as 127 species and the following is 109 species in the tropical plant botanical garden, 193 species in broadleaf tree garden and 95 species in Third, the common plants in the science textbook and the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum are all 76 species and around 48% of total 159 species plants presented in the science textbook are planted in the arboretum. Fourth, practically learning allowed plants in each flower garden of the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum related the science textbook was shown as 50 species and among them, more kinds of plants of 14 species in the subject garden, 14 species in the flowering tree garden and 13 species in the broadleaf tree garden were planted than other flower gardens. Accordingly these flower gardens is considered to has a high utilizable possibility in comparison with the flower gardens as an experience learning place linked with the elementary grade science textbook. Through this study, it was found out that the Gyeongsangnam-do arboretum is a wonderful resource as teaching materials for learning linked with the educational courses of the schools. It is expected that based on these results, a more concrete ecosystem experience learning program by each flower garden and by grade will be developed to help the school spot.

초등학교 과학과 멀티미디어 안전교육 자료 개발

정지웅,공영태,김성규 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develop safety instruction material that can use efficiently through analyze segments connected with safety in elementary science material field experiment. Therefore, established following assignment to achieve purpose of this study. First, analyze whether there are some things on hazardous factor that can be connected to safety accident at elementary science material field experiment. Second, develop multimedia material for effective safety instruction. Third, recognize teacher's legal liability through published paper and case study. To settle the above subject, secures theoretical basis through literature study and collected datas connected with safety instruction through internet search. Also analyzed risk factor and safety connection contents that can be connected to safety accident through the 7th elementary science textbooks. Then arrange this systematically and made a story board. Safety connection animation datas that film by camcorder edited by vegas 4.0 and used Macromedia company's Director MX developing multimedia material. before scientific experiment class beginning or when educate safety, divide into greatly 6 low rank menus to use easily necessary member and arranged connection menus inside. All materials were manufactured to use easily maximum for user. This material will prevent beforehand accident to occur because make an experimenter know enough safety precaution, safety equipment, experiment tool directions etc. when safety accident occurred, will help unconnect to large size accident because do quick emergency measure.

초등학생의 성격유형과 수학적 성향의 관계

김정혜,노은환 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

MMTIC (Murphy-Meisgeir Type Indicator for Children), which is a tool to measure the inborn psychological functions of children and adolescents, was developed based on Jung's theory of psychological patterns for the use by children and adolescents in their everyday life. We can use the tool to understand differences in personality type among people and to achieve educational goals in the field of education. The purposes of the present study were to survey the distribution of personality type of elementary students in the Sancheong -gun area, which is exposed to natural environment relatively much, to examine the relation between their personality type and their mathematical disposition, and to understand differences in personality type of people and use them for teaching- learning, adjustment to school life, counseling, etc. in the field of education. For these purposes, we formulated research questions as follows. 1. How is the distribution of personality type of elementary students in the Sancheong-gun area? 2. In the personality type of elementary students in the Sancheong-gun area related to their mathematical disposition? 2-1. How are the four preference indexes of personality type related to mathematical disposition? 2-2. How are the four psychological functions of personality type related to mathematical disposition? 2-3. How are the four temperaments of personality type related to mathematical disposition? In order to answer these questions, we surveyed 207 sixth-grade students in six elementary schools in Sancheong-gun, Personality type was tested MMTIC. and mathematical disposition was measured with a test composed of 22 questions, which was developed by the author and the reliability of which was confirmed through a preliminary test. Each question in the mathematical disposition test was on a scale of 4 points. A high score meant high mathematical disposition. MMTIC was analyzed by a special institution, and data for examining the relation between personality type and mathematical disposition were processed using SPSS 10.0. In order to examine the distribution of children's personality type by preference index, by psychological function and by temperament, we calculated frequencies and percentages. In addition, t-test was made to determine the significance of the relation between the preference indexes of personality type and mathematical disposition, and F-test was made to determine the significance of the relations between the psychological functions of personality type and mathematical disposition, and F-test was made to determine the significance of the relations between the psychological functions of personality type and mathematical disposition and between the temperaments of personality type and mathematical disposition. From the results of this study were drawn conclusions as follows. First, when children were compared based on preference indexes, a significantly larger number of students were external(E) in the external-internal(EI) index, intuition(N) in the sensing- intuition(SN) index. feeling(F) in thinking-feeling(TF) index, and perceptive in judging-perceiving(JP) index. In the distribution of psychological functions, intuition- feeling(NF) children were most frequent and, next, sensing-feeling (SF), intuition-thinking(NT) and sensing-thinking(ST) children. In the distribution of temperament, the percentage of children with intuition-feeling(NF) temperament was highest and it was particularly as high as 15.9% among male students and, next, the percentages of children with sensing-perception(SP), sensing-judging(SJ) and intuition-thinking(NT) temperaments in their order. Second, in order to examine the relation of mathematical disposition with the preference indexes(EI, SN, TF, JP) and the psychological functions(ST, SF, NT, NF) of personalty type, we conducted t-test and F-test. According to the results, no statistically significant difference was observed at significance level of 0.05 although there were slight differences of the means in all of the four types. Third, in order to examine the relation between mathematical disposition and the four temperaments (SP, SJ, NT, NF) of personal type, we conducted F-test. According to the results, statistically significant differences were observed at significance level of 0.05 and mathematical disposition was high in order of NT>NF>SJ>SP. Data collected through this research can be a guideline for establishing education plans for elementary students in Sancheong-gun. That is , because there are relatively many students with external disposition in the EI index, education may be focused more on activities. Because there are more students with emotional disposition in the TF index, small- group learning may be emphasized more than individual learning. With regard to the JP index, because most students have perceptive disposition, the tendency may be considered in teaching for higher educational effects. People who prefer the perceptive type generally want to adjust themselves to situations and to live with our restriction, tend to make efforts to understand life rather than control life, adjust themselves at a moment, and like to be openhearted. In addition, as they are fond of various opportunities, they can adapt themselves well to unorganized and uncertain situations. Moreover, they often fail to complete works and to be late in task performance. What is more, whenever such things happen, they usually cope with the situations appropriately by themselves. Understanding students' personality type does not necessarily mean better education. However, it is also absurd to establish education plans and give classes without knowing their characteristics. On the whole, research must begin with the identification of students' unique characteristics so that students' potential for future development can be acknowledged and their development can be promoted properly. Because students' mathematical disposition has a significant effect on their achievement in mathematics, this research began with the identification of students' personality type and explored the relation between students' personality type and their mathematical disposition. Researches should be continued on personality type and various factors affecting students' academic achievements. Such researches will enable customized education.