TÜRKÇEDE SORU DURUMLARI

Gülhanım ÜNSAL 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2009 중동연구 Vol.28 No.1

Biz bu çalışmamızda belli başlı geleneksel Türkçe dilbilgisi kitaplarında soru durumlarını nasıl incelendiğini karşılaştırarak anlatmaya çalıştık. Türkçenin eğitimi ve öğretiminde Türkçedeki soru tümcelerinin türleri, kuruluşları ve anlam ilişkilerini sözdizimsel açıdan ele aldık. Geleneksel Türkçe dilbilgisi kitaplarını karşılaştırarak ezgi, soru sözcükleri ve –mİ soru ilgeciyle yapılan soru tümceleri ve kullanım değerlerini anlattık. Ayrıca -mİ soru ilgecinin öğeler üzerindeki soru durumları ve yazılış biçimini inceledik. Konuya açıklık getirmesi bakımından her bir kullanım değerini örneklerle açıkladık. Modern Dilbilim çalışmalarının soru durumlarına genel bakışı üzerine bir değerlendirme yaptık. In this study, we tried to explain how to analyze the question cases by comparing the essential traditional Turkish grammar books. We dealed with the kinds, formations and meaning relation of the Turkish question sentences in the syntactic framework in Turkish education and teaching. We expressed the question sentences that are formed by intonation, question words and interrogative suffix –mİ and using values of them comparatively. Moreover, we examined the question cases of interrogative suffix –mİ according to the elements of sentences and its form of writing. The value of usage is explained with examples in order to clarify the subject. We evaluated the general view of modern linguistic studies to the question cases.

Flow induced surface enrichment of poly(ethylene-block-ethylene oxide) on polypropylene by capillary rheometer

Ozen, lhan,Rustal, Claude,Dirnberger, Klaus,Fritz, Hans-Gerhard,Eisenbach, Claus Dieter 한국유변학회 2011 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.23 No.1

In this study, we prepared polypropylene (PP) blends with commercially available amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene-block-ethylene oxide) (P(E-b-EO)). Selective surface enrichment of the diblock copolymer used was observed only on the PP blend extrudates which were prepared using capillary rheometer with different wall shear rates showing that flow processes play an enormous role in surface migration.

Performance Analysis of Cooperative System with Best Relay Selection in Presence of Co-Channel Interference

Hayri Aslan,Muhammet Ali Karabulut,Hacı ?lhan,Ozgur Ozdemir 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

In this paper, we study effects of co-channel interference in decode-and-forward based cooperative communication systems with best relay selection using cooperative-maximum ratio combining (C-MRC), link-adaptive regeneration (LAR) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the destination over Rayleigh fading channels. In order to increase the performance of system, we use the best relay selection criteria where selected relay has the minimum bit error probability of proposed system. We assume that the destination terminal is corrupted by multiple co-channel interferences, while the relay terminals are perturbed by only additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The Monte Carlo simulations are provided to confirm analytical results and illustrate the effect of interference.

나라장터 미래 관련 과제 현황분석을 통한 미래연구 활성화 방안

윤기영(Keeyoung Yoon),서용석(Yongseok Seo),배일한(lhan Bae),김현우(Hyunwoo Kim) 미래학회 2016 미래연구 Vol.1 No.1

There are a lot of Future Oriented Projects except Professional Futures Studies in public sector. When we analyze them with the characteristics of futures, we could perform properly them and extend the area of futures studies. In this study, we research 140 future oriented project – the projects to need foresight - cases from South Korean G2B site Nara-Zangtuh. We analyze finely Request For Proposals of them. We research future time span, whether to apply foresight methods, whether to employ futurist, etc. Such points must be important. They are a kind of sign whether they were performed with the understanding of characteristics of futures, exponentially increasing uncertainty, high complexity, openness for the futures and possibility. Through this study, we unfortunately find that the most of future oriented project were performed without understanding the characteristics of futures. In the latter part of this thesis, we suggest the ways to improve them. 국내의 공공분야에서 5년 이후의 미래 계획을 수립하는 다양한 과제가 수행되고 있는데, 이에 대한 현황을 분석함으로써, 공공기관의 미래예측에 대한 태도를 파악할 수 있다고 판단했다. 이를 통해 소위 ‘미래 관련 과제’에 서의 미래예측에 대한 태도와 미래라는 시공간의 특성 간의 차이를 분석이 가능하다. 동 연구는 차이 분석과 차이 분석을 통한 대안 제시를 하고자 한다. 이는 우리나라의 미래관련 발주 조직이 미래 변화에 합리적인 대응하 고, 더 나아가 미래를 주도하는 데 밀알이 될 수 있을 것으로 저자들은 판단 했다. 저자 들은 이를 위해 나라장터에 등록된 2013년 1월부터 2016년 6월 까지의 미래 관련 과제를 140건 도출하고, 미래 시점 인식 여부와 그 미래 시점 기간, 부처별 진행현황 및 평균 예산, 미래예측방법론의 원용 여부와 미래전문가의 투입 등 현황을 분석했다. 연구 결과 미래 관련 과제의 대부분이 미래라는 시공간의 특성을 제대로 이해하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났 다. 미래연구가 미래를 대비하고 준비하며 주도하는데 중요함에도 불구하고그 역할을 제대로 하지 못하고 있음과, 공공조직의 대부분이 미래예측에 대한 이해가 부족함을 확인했다. 상기한 문제점을 극복하고 주도적이고 합리적으로 미래를 준비하고 만들어가기 위한 방안을 제시했다.

Morphological similarity of a tri-block copolymer processed at ambient and elevated temperatures

Sebnem Inceoglu,Taner Aytun,Yusuf Z. Mencelo lu,lhan Özen,Metin H. Acar 한국유변학회 2012 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.24 No.4

We investigated the effect of temperature on the morphology of a tri-block copolymer (BCP) processed in a capillary rheometer. The material used was a polystyrene-b-poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene (PS-b-PEHA-b-PS) tri-block copolymer, which was synthesized by ATRP with a molecular weight of 38.5 K consisting of 49 molar % PEHA. According to the rheological data obtained with dynamic viscoelastic oscillatory measurements, order-disorder temperature (ODT) of the BCP was measured at around 110oC. Considering this observation, the samples were studied under different temperatures and pressures (from 110°C to 28°C and from 48 to 75 bar) in capillary rheometer. All processed materials were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that all samples processed by aid of either temperature or pressure showed similar mixed morphologies (a mixture of the ordered and disordered structures i.e., the reduction of microphase separation due to processing).

Effect of bosentan on the production of proinflammatorycytokines in a rat model of emphysema

Gamze Kırkıl,Mehmet Hamdi Muz,Figen Deveci,Teyfik Turgut,Fulya İ,lhan,İ,brahim Ö,zercan 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.5

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists have been developed to produce a reduction of ET related effects in various diseases, as well as in animal models of airway inflammation. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of bosentan on a rat model of emphysema. Thirty Wistar male rats were classified as control group (group 1), intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with saline, treated with vehicle solution; elastase group (group 2), i.t. instilled with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), treated with vehicle solution; and PPE+bosentan group (group 3), i.t. instilled with PPE, treated with bosentan. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, cell counts in BALF, and histologic analysis of all groups were evaluated. Neutrophile granulocytes (NG) and alveolar macrophages (AM) were increased more in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.001, P = 0.04, respectively). Compared with group 2, neutrophil granulocyte (NG) and alveolar macrophages (AM) counts were decreased in group 3 (P < 0.001). Histological examination confirmed a diffuse neutrophilic inflammation and irregular alveolar air space enlargement in group 2. Treatment with bosentan partially reduced the enlarged lung volumes. Compared with group 1, the BALF levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and the lung tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were increased in group 2 (P = 0.028, P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.019, P < 0.001, respectively). The TNF-α and IL-8 levels of BALF (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, respectively), and the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the IL-8 levels of lung tissue (P = 0.031, P = 0.017, P = 0.007, P < 0.001) were decreased in group 3 compared to group 2. In conclusion, bosentan decreased the inflammatory response by reducing numbers of inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines.

Hepatic and splenic sonographic and sonoelastographic findings in pulmonary arterial hypertension

İlhan Hekimsoy,Burçin Kibar Öztürk,Hatice Soner Kemal,Meral Kayıkçıoğlu,Ömer Faruk Dadaş,Gülgün Kavukçu,Mehmet Nurullah Orman,Sanem Nalbantgil,Sadık Tamsel,Hakan Kültürsay,Süha Süreyya Özbek 대한초음파의학회 2021 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.40 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of sonographic and sonoelastographic parameters with clinical cardiac parameters, as well as to assess their value in predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: Thirty-six patients with PAH and normal liver function were prospectively enrolled in this prospective study along with 26 healthy controls, all of whom underwent ultrasound and point shear wave elastography examinations. Additionally, the portal vein pulsatility index (PVPI), inferior vena cava collapsibility index, and clinical cardiac variables were obtained in PAH patients. The values of hepatic (LVs) and splenic shear wave velocity (SVs) were compared between PAH patients and controls. The relationships between all sonographic and clinical parameters in the PAH patients were analyzed. Furthermore, their prognostic value in predicting survival was investigated. Results: LVs values in PAH patients (median, 1.62 m/s) were significantly higher than in controls (median, 0.99 m/s), while no significant difference was observed in SVs values. Patients with higher grades of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) had significantly different values of PVPI (P=0.010) and sonoelastographic parameters (P<0.001 for LVs and P=0.004 for SVs) compared to those with less severe TR. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values were the only investigated parameter found to be associated with survival (hazard ratio, 0.814; 95% confidence interval, 0.694 to 0.954; P=0.011). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a direct association between cardiac congestion (i.e., the severity of TR) and liver stiffness, which should be kept in mind during the assessment of fibrosis in patients with PAH.

Effect of link length in retrofitted RC frames with Y eccentrically braced frame

Gülhan INCE 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.43 No.5

Many existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures need to be strengthening for reason such as poor construction quality, low ductility or designing without considering seismic effects. One of the strengthening methods is strengthening technique with eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The characteristic element of these systems is the link element and its length is very important in terms of seismic behavior. The link element of Y shaped EBF systems (YEBFs) is designed as a short shear element. Different limits are suggested in the literature for the link length. This study to aim experimentally investigate the effect of the link length for the suggested limits on the behavior of the RC frame system and efficiency of strengthening technique. For this purpose, a total of 5 single story, single span RC frame specimens were produced. The design of the RC frames was made considering seismic design deficiencies. Four of the produced specimens were strengthened and one of them remained as bare specimen. The steel YEBFs were used in strengthening the RC frame and the link was designed as a shear element that have different length with respect to suggested limits in literature. The length of links was determined as 50mm, 100mm, 150mm and 200mm. All of the specimens were tested under cyclic loads. The obtained results show that the strengthening technique improved the energy consumption and lateral load bearing capacities of the bare RC specimen. Moreover, it is concluded that the specimens YB-2 and YB-3 showed better performance than the other specimens, especially in energy consumption and ductility

Flow induced surface enrichment of poly(ethylene-block-ethylene oxide)on polypropylene by capillary rheometer

İlhan Özen,Claude Rustal,Klaus Dirnberger,Hans-Gerhard Fritz,Claus Dieter Eisenbach 한국유변학회 2011 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.23 No.1

In this study, we prepared polypropylene (PP) blends with commercially available amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene-block-ethylene oxide) (P(E-b-EO)). Selective surface enrichment of the diblock copolymer used was observed only on the PP blend extrudates which were prepared using capillary rheometer with different wall shear rates showing that flow processes play an enormous role in surface migration.

Influence of polled direction on the stress distribution in piezoelectric materials

Nihat İlhan,Nagihan Koç 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.5

In this paper, the influence of the polled direction of piezoelectric materials on the stress distribution is studied under time-harmonic dynamical load (time-harmonic Lamb’s problem). The system considered in this study consists of piezoelectric covering layer and piezoelectric half-plane, and the harmonic dynamical load acts on the free face of the covering layer. The investigations are carried out by utilizing the exact equations of motion and relations of the linear theory of electro-elasticity. The plane-strain state is considered. It is assumed that the perfect contact conditions between the covering layer and halfplane are satisfied. The boundary value problems under consideration are solved by employing Fourier exponential transformation techniques with respect to coordinates directed along the interface line. Numerical results on the influence of the polled direction of the piezoelectric materials such as PZT-5A, PZT-5H, PZT-4 and PZT-7A on the normal stresses, shear stresses and electric potential acting on the interface plane are presented and discussed. As a result of the analyses, it is established that the polled directions of the piezoelectric materials play an important role on the values of the studied stresses and electric potential.