Effect of High Phytase Inclusion Rates on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Not Severely Limited in Available Phosphorus

Dos Santos, Tiago Tedeschi,Srinongkote, S.,Bedford, M.R.,Walk, C.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

Phytate is not only an unavailable source of phosphorus (P) for broilers but it also acts as an anti-nutrient, reducing protein and mineral absorption, increasing endogenous losses and reducing broiler performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-nutritional effects of phytate by including high levels of phytase in diets not severely limited in available P. A total of 768 male Arbor Acres broilers were distributed in six treatments of eight replicate pens of 16 birds each consisting of a positive control diet (PC), positive control with 500 FTU/kg phytase, negative control (NC) diet with lower available P and calcium (Ca) levels and the same NC diet with 500, 1,000 or 1,500 FTU/kg phytase. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were determined at 21 and 35 d of age while foot ash was determined in four birds per pen at 21 d of age. FI, FCR and foot ash where not affected by the lower mineral diets at 21 d of age nor by the enzyme inclusion but broilers fed lower Ca and available P diets had lower BWG. At 35 d of age no difference was observed between broilers fed the positive or NC diets but broilers fed 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg on top of the NC diet had better FCR than broilers fed the positive control diet. When compared to birds fed a diet adequate in P, birds fed the same diet included with 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase in marginally deficient available P and Ca diets had an improvement of performance. These results support the concept that hydrolysing phytate and reducing the anti-nutritional effects of phytate improves bird performance on marginally deficient diets that were not covering the P requirement of birds.

Analysis in silico of superoxide dismutase genes family provides insights into the evolution of this gene family in Coffea spp.

dos Inocentes Meneses Felipe,Lobo Luís Gustavo Gomes,de Souza Silvia Graciele Hülse,dos Santos Tiago Benedito 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.4

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is extremely important antioxidant enzyme and plays essential roles in plant growth, development, and response to diferent abiotic stresses. The SODs genes family has been characterized in several plant species; however, there is no report on identifying these genes in Cofea spp. In this study, the objective was to identify and analyze in silico the SODs genes using the three genomes of Cofea spp. We used various bioinformatics tools to perform physicochemical analyses of proteins, gene structure, chromosome mapping, conserved domain, cis-acting elements, syntenic and phylogenetic analyses, and miRNA targets. A total of 32 SODs genes were identifed in the genomes of Cofea spp. (9—C. canephora; 13—C. arabica L.; 9—C. eugenioides), and phylogenetically classifed into 3 subgroups, copper zinc (Cu/ZnSOD/CSD), manganese (Mn-SOD/MSD), and iron (Fe-SOD/FSD), respectively. Physicochemical analyses of the cofee SODs proteins revealed that the length, molecular weight, and pI values varied between species from 105 (CcCSD4) to 317 (CeCSD7) amino acids, 12.00 (CeCSD4) to 34.59 (CeFSD1) kDa, and 5.37 (CeFSD1) at 9.35 pI (CeCSD4). The intron numbers of SODs genes ranged from 1 to 8. Chromosomal mapping revealed an uneven distribution of SODs genes in the chromosomes of the respective cofee species. In addition, we identifed eight stress-responsive cis-elements in the promoters of cofee SODs genes. In addition, we identifed a total of 13, 12, and 11 putative miRNA families, which can target genes encoding SODs in the 3 cofee species. This study will serve as a biotechnological basis for the characterization of SODs genes involved in regulating gene expression under adverse conditions. This allows the development of biotechnological strategies to ensure greater sustainability of cofee production by establishing ways to reduce damage caused by stressful conditions in cofee production.

Analysis of Different Electric Current Frequencies in Soil Apparent Conductivity

dos Santos Fernando Ferreira Lima,de Queiroz Daniel Marçal,Valente Domingos Sárvio Magalhães,Khorsandi Farzaneh,de Moura Araújo Guilherme 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose The electrical resistivity method is commonly used to identify areas with similar soil characteristics by measuring the soil’s apparent electrical conductivity (EC a ). However, the ideal frequency range to be used and the infl uence of the signal frequency on EC a values obtained by sensors is still uncertain. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the eff ect of electric current frequency on EC a values and (2) evaluate the correlation between EC a values obtained from diff erent frequencies and soil attributes of agronomic interest, such as soil water content and pH. EC a determinations were obtained in four experimental areas using six diff erent frequencies of electric current (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz). Methods The infl uence of the electric current signal frequency on the value obtained by the sensor was analyzed by linear regressions in all experimental areas, followed by the F- test ( α = 0.05). Pearson’s correlations ( α = 0.05) were calculated to quantify the relationships between EC a and soil physical and chemical attributes, for each frequency of the electric current signal of the sensor. Results Statistical analyses indicated that the electric current frequency does not signifi cantly aff ect the measured conductivity value. According to the chi-square test ( p ≤ 0.05), the number of signifi cant correlations between EC a and soil physical and chemical attributes was homogeneous for all frequencies. The F -test indicated that the frequency of the electric current had no signifi cant eff ect on EC a in 90% of the experimental points. Conclusion It was shown that all frequencies in the range of 1 to 40 Hz can be used to correlate EC a values with chemical and physical soil attributes, such as soil water content ( r = 0.73, p < 0.05) and exchangeable calcium content ( r = 0.66, p < 0.05).

Presidential Public Diplomacy 2.0: Seven Lessons to Prevent Fire in Cyberspace

dos Santos, Niedja de Andrade e Silva Forte The Korean Association for Public Diplomacy 2021 Journal of public diplomacy Vol.1 No.1

The Amazon fires in summer 2019 triggered an incendiary Twitter debate between French president Emmanuel Macron and Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro that engaged political leaders, celebrities, and audiences worldwide. Currently, diplomats-in-chief connect to the global public through completely open debates, often without proper advice from foreign-affairs ministers, which may result in misunderstandings and conflicts among world leaders. Hence, this study argues that these interactions must be supported by Nicholas Cull's seven lessons in public diplomacy. The main topic on hand is presidential public diplomacy performed through digital means in cyberspace. Thus, after distinguishing cyberspace, digital diplomacy, and cyberdiplomacy, the literature review focuses on presidential public diplomacy, presidential diplomacy on Twitter, and Cull's seven lessons. Subsequently, the case study method provides a snapshot of the debate between Macron and Bolsonaro over the Amazon fires. This study concludes by answering the research question and indicating grist for the mill with regard to future developments.

Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients with Tuberculosis

Santos, Ana Paula Cere dos,Lazzari, Tassia Kirchmann,Silva, Denise Rossato The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.1

Background: Much of the attention of tuberculosis (TB) programs is focused on outcomes of microbiological cure and mortality, and health related quality of life (HRQL) is undervalued. Also, TB patients have a significantly higher risk of developing depression and anxiety compared with those in the general population. We intend to evaluate the HRQL and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Adult patients with pulmonary TB that were hospitalized during the study period were identified and invited to participate. HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to record symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of all patients was $44.6{\pm}15.4$ years, 69.8% were male, and 53.5% were white. Thirty-two patients (37.2%) were human immunodeficiency virus positive. Twenty-seven patients (31.4%) met study criteria for depression (HADS depression score ${\geq}11$) and 33 (38.4%) had anxiety (HADS anxiety score ${\geq}11$). Scores on all domains of SF-36 were significantly lower than the Brazilian norm scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that TB patients may have a poor HRQL. Additionally, we found a possible high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population. Health care workers should be aware of these psychological disorders to enable a better management of these patients. The treatment of these comorbidities may be associated with better TB outcomes.

Donor Surgical Morbidity in Pediatric Living-Donor Liver Transplant: A Portuguese Experience

dos Santos, Jose Pedro Fernandes,Martins, Ricardo,Lopes, Maria Francelina The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.6

Purpose: Living-donor liver transplant emerged as an alternative treatment for end stage liver disease due to the lack of cadaveric organs availability that met the demand. In Portugal, pediatric living-donor liver transplant (P-LDLT) was initiated in 2001 in Portugal in order to compensate for the scarcity of cadaveric organs for such cases. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the morbi-mortality of the 28 donors included in P-LDLT program performed at Coimbra's Pediatric Hospital (CHUC), a Portuguese reference center. Methods: We retrospectively collected pertinent donor data and stratified complications according to Clavien's scoring system. Results: In total, 28.6% (n=8) of the donors had surgical complications. According to Clavien-Dindo's classification, two donors had major complications (Clavien grade ≥3), four donors had grade 2 complications, and two donors had grade 1 complications. There were no P-LDLT-related mortalities in the present case series. The most common verified complications were biliary tract injuries and superficial incisional infections, which are consistent with the complications reported in worldwide series. Conclusion: These patients from CHUC shows that donor hepatectomy in P-LDLT is a safe procedure, with low morbidity and without mortality.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

dos Santos, Pamela Leticia,de Molon, Rafael Scaf,Queiroz, Thallita Pereira,Okamoto, Roberta,de Souza Faloni, Ana Paula,Gulinelli, Jessica Lemos,Luvizuto, Eloa Rodrigues,Garcia, Idelmo Rangel Junior Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant ($4.1mm{\times}8.5mm$) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ (BI), and Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response ($61.00{\pm}15.28Ncm$) than CO ($31.60{\pm}14.38Ncm$) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

Optical and Structural Properties of Emerging Dilute III-V Bismides

Santos, B.H. Bononi Dos,Gobatoa, Y. Galvao,Heninib, M. The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.5

In this paper, we present a review of optical and structural studies of $GaBi_xAs_{1-x}$ epilayers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on (311)B and (001) GaAs substrates with different As fluxes. The results indicate that under near-stoichiometric conditions the bismuth incorporation is higher for samples grown on (311)B GaAs substrates than for those grown on (001) GaAs. In addition, carrier localization effects in GaBiAs layers are clearly revealed for both samples by optical measurements. The (311)B samples showed evidence of higher density of defects. It has also been found that the nonradiative centers play a significant role in the recombination process in this material system. The influence of post-growth annealing on the microstructural, optical, and magneto-optical properties was also investigated. An important improvement of optical and spin properties after thermal annealing due to the reduction of defects in the GaBiAs layers was observed.

Numerical simulation of non-isothermal flow in oil reservoirs using a two-equation model

dos Santos Heringer, Juan Diego,de Souza Debossam, Joao Gabriel,de Souza, Grazione,Souto, Helio Pedro Amaral Techno-Press 2019 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.8 No.2

This work aims to simulate three-dimensional heavy oil flow in a reservoir with heater-wells. Mass, momentum and energy balances, as well as correlations for rock and fluid properties, are used to obtain non-linear partial differential equations for the fluid pressure and temperature, and for the rock temperature. Heat transfer is simulated using a two-equation model that is more appropriate when fluid and rock have very different thermal properties, and we also perform comparisons between one- and two-equation models. The governing equations are discretized using the Finite Volume Method. For the numerical solution, we apply a linearization and an operator splitting. As a consequence, three algebraic subsystems of linearized equations are solved using the Conjugate Gradient Method. The results obtained show the suitability of the numerical method and the technical feasibility of heating the reservoir with static equipment.

Cystic Fibrosis: Clinical Phenotypes in Children and Adolescents

dos Santos, Ana Luiza Melo,de Melo Santos, Helen,Nogueira, Marina Bettiol,Tavora, Hugo Tadashi Oshiro,da Cunha, Maria de Lourdes Jaborandy Paim,de Melo Seixas, Renata Belem Pessoa,Monte, Luciana de Fr The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical phenotypes of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF); and to assess the role of pancreatic insufficiency and neonatal screening in diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 77 patients attending a reference center of CF between 2014 and 2016. Epidemiological data, anthropometric measurements, and the presence of pulmonary, pancreatic, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations were evaluated based on clinical data and complementary examinations. Results: Of the 77 patients, 51.9% were male, with a median age of 147 months (7.0-297.0 months), and the majority showed adequate nutritional status. The most common phenotype was pulmonary (92.2%), followed by pancreatic (87.0%), with pancreatic insufficiency in most cases. Gastrointestinal manifestation occurred in 46.8%, with constipation being the more common factor. Hepatobiliary disease occurred in 62.3% of patients. The group with pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed earlier (5.0 months) when compared to the group with sufficiency (84.0 months) (p=0.01). The age of diagnosis was reduced following implementation of neonatal screening protocols for CF (6.0 months before vs. 3.0 months after, p=0.02). Conclusion: The pulmonary phenotype was the most common, although extrapulmonary manifestations were frequent and clinically relevant, and should mandate early detection and treatment. Neonatal screening for CF led to earlier diagnosis in patients with pancreatic failure, and therefore, should be adopted universally.