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Cloning of a scavenger receptor gene from Spodoptera exigua hemocytes
Jong-Ho Park,Jung-A Park,Youngyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
Scavenger receptors (SRs) are transmembrane cell surface molecules recognized in apophotic cells, bacteria and lipopolysaccharide. With no physiological information on SRs in insects except SR-CI of Drosophila melanogaster, a putative SR gene was cloned and characterized in Spodoptera exigua. A partial S. exigua SR gene was obtained from hemocyte transcripts and exhibited high homology with type C. Its expression was confirmed in all developmental stages. Among different tissues, S. exigua SR was expressed highly in hemocytes. To confirm change in SR expression by infection, Escherichia coli was injected to fifth instar and RNA was extracted after 10 hours. SR expression in hemocytes of E. coli injected larva was not significantly different from the control but SR expression in fat body of E. coli injected larva was higher than the control. It is expected that SRs of S. exigua are related with immune responses against bacteria such as E. coli. To address its function, S. exigua SR expression was suppressed by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
Park, Youngyun,Kim, Yongje,Park, Seung-Ki,Shin, Woo-Jin,Lee, Kwang-Sik Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.630 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Irrigation return flow can include contaminants derived from agricultural practices, and then deteriorate the quality of surface and subsurface water within the watershed. Thus, it is important to estimate the effect of irrigation return flow on water chemistry/quality. To do that water samples were collected between November 2004 and December 2005 from stream and groundwater in a small watershed that contains extensive rice paddy fields. The water isotopic compositions represented seasonal variation, particularly in downstream of main channel and the tributary. In April and May, water samples in the downstream and tributary could not be explained by three-component (soil water, groundwater and rainfall) hydrograph separation models (THSM). These results indicated that the stream water was affected by high evaporation and that another water body (e.g. quick return flow) impacted on THSM. Plot of Cl/NO<SUB>3</SUB> and NO<SUB>3</SUB>/HCO<SUB>3</SUB> showed that the water chemistry of all water samples was mainly regulated by soil water and groundwater. In addition, the water chemistry was related to water derived from rice paddy fields (WR) and manure. Manure impacted the water chemistry in tributary, one of the shallow groundwaters and the deep groundwaters, whereas that water in downstream was affected by WR. On a plot of δ<SUP>15</SUP>N<SUB>NO3</SUB> and δ<SUP>18</SUP>O<SUB>NO3</SUB> values, many samples were in a cluster indicative of manure and on a denitrification line. These imply that irrigation return flow characterized by denitrification processes was involved in determining the water chemistry. We suggest that chemical and multi-isotopes approach combined with the THSM is useful to elucidate the sources and processes controlling water chemistry in stream associated with rice paddy fields.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chemistry in stream water near rice paddy field is not entirely explained by THSMs. </LI> <LI> Plot of Cl/NO<SUB>3</SUB> and NO<SUB>3</SUB>/HCO<SUB>3</SUB> indicates natural and anthropogenic sources. </LI> <LI> δ<SUP>15</SUP>N<SUB>NO3</SUB> and δ<SUP>18</SUP>O<SUB>NO3</SUB> values indicate that manure is dominant source in many samples. </LI> <LI> Water chemistry is deciphered by combination of THSMs, multi-isotopes and elements. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>