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가족성 저칼륨성 주기성마비 환자의 골격근 세포내 Kir6.2의 발현 및 분포 양상
Sung-Jo Kim(김성조),Dong-Ho Yoon(윤동호),June-Bum Kim(김준범) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.3
가족성 저칼륨성 주기성마비는 간헐적으로 발생하는 저칼륨혈증을 동반한 가역적 이완성 근육마비를 특징으로 하는 상염색체 우성 유전질환이다. 골격근 세포막에 위치한 KATP 채널의 활성도 감소가 저칼륨성 주기성 마비의 발병과 관련 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 아직까지 명확한 기전이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 KATP 채널을 구성하는 단위체인 Kir6.2를 대상으로 가족성 저칼륨성 주기성마비 환자의 골격근 세포에서 KATP 채널의 활성도 감소가 발생하는 분자생물학적 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 환자와 정상인의 골격근 세포내 Kir6.2 단위체의 유전자인 KCNJ11의 mRNA발현 수준과 단백질 발현양상을 확인한 결과, 정상 세포외 칼륨 농도인 4 mM 칼륨 완충용액에 노출된 경우 KCNJ11 mRNA와 단백질 수준의 정량적 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 환자에서 마비를 유발할 수 있는 저칼륨 농도인 1 mM의 칼륨 완충용액에 노출시킨 경우 정상세포는 KCNJ11 mRNA의 발현이 감소하였고, 그 산물인 Kir6.2 단백질의 정량적 차이를 확인한 결과 세포막에 존재하는 단백질의 양 또한 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 환자의 경우 1 mM의 칼륨 완충용액에 노출시 KCNJ11 mRNA 발현수준에 차이가 없었고, 더불어 세포막과 세포질 상의 Kir6.2 단백질 분포에도 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 환자 세포의 경우 세포막 단백질이 세포질로 회수되지 못하여 KATP 채널의 폐쇄가 유지되어 탈분극이 지속되며 이로 인해 환자에서 마비 증상을 유발할 수 있음을 시사하는 결과로 본 질환의 새로운 발병 기전을 설명할 수 있는 근거로 생각된다. Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by reversible flaccid paralysis and intermittent hypokalemia. Although it has been reported that decreased activity in the KATP channels of the skeletal muscle cell membrane plays a role in the pathogenesis of HOKPP, a clear mechanism has not yet been established. This study aimed to investigate the molecular biological mechanism underlying the decreased activity of KATP channels in the skeletal muscles of familial HOKPP patients by studying the levels of the KATP channel subunit Kir6.2. We found that when cells obtained from healthy individuals (normal cells) and HOKPP patients (patient cells) were treated with 4 mM potassium buffer, there was no quantitative change in the KCNJ11 mRNA levels and no difference in the Kir6.2 protein expression in the cytosol and cell membrane. On the other hand, when 1 mM potassium buffer was used, normal cells showed decreased expression of KCNJ11 mRNA as well as decreased expression of Kir6.2 protein in the cell membrane. However, patient cells treated with the same buffer showed no quantitative change in the levels of KCNJ11 mRNA or in the levels of Kir6.2 protein in the cytosol and cell membrane. Thus, in HOKPP patients, the Kir6.2 protein cannot be transported from the cell membrane to the cytosol, leading to closure of the KATP channels, induction of depolarization, and subsequently, to the paralytic symptoms observed in the patient. Our findings thus provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HOKPP.
Non-Hydrostatic Model of Near Shore Flow Calculation
Yoon, Bum-Sang,Park, Chul-Woo The Korean Association of Ocean Science and Techno 2006 Journal of Ocean Science and Technology Vol.3 No.1
In this paper, the fractional step approach is applied to calculation of flow in near shore area with complicated boundary shape in order to consider non-hydrostatic pressure induced by geometrical irregularities at the boundaries. At a time instant, intermediate solutions for flow velocities and free surface are obtained through the hydrostatic multi-layer calculation in the first step, and non-hydrostatic pressure field is predicted using the intermediate solutions in the second step. In the third step, final solutions are calculated considering not only hydrostatic pressure but also non-hydrostatic pressure. Present calculation algorithm with fully explicit finite difference scheme in ${\sigma}$a-coordinate is successfully applied to the near shore flow calculation. Hydrostatic model is thought practically good tool enough to predict general ocean circulation problems. However, effects of non-hydrostatic pressure on flow field and free surface movements are to be emphasized, not negligible, in the vicinity of irregularities both of continental and bottom boundaries. Present method can be applied to the mesoscale free surface flows with complex bottom topography where MAC-like 3-d hydrodynamic calculations are quite ineffective and uneconomic.
Yoon, Hoon-Seok,Hyun, Chang-Gu,Lee, Nam-Ho,Park, Sung-Soo,Shin, Dong-Bum The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.2
Previous research showed that resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) and pinostilbene (trans-3-methoxy-4',5-dihydroxystilbene) were able to inhibit tyrosinase directly; however, anti-melanogenic effects of pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) and resveratrol trimethyl ether (RTE) have not been compared. To investigate the hypopigmentation effects of pterostilbene and RTE, melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase activity were determined by western blot analysis. Firstly, pterostilbene showed the inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanin synthesis stronger than RTE, resveratrol, and arbutin. Pterostilbene inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. Specifically, melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity were inhibited by 63% and 58%, respectively, in response to treatment with $10{\mu}m$ of pterostilbene. The results of western blot analysis indicated that pterostilbene induced downregulation of tyrosinase protein expression and suppression of ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melan-A protein expression stronger than RTE or resveratrol. Based on these results, our study suggests that pterostilbene can induce hypopigmentation effects more effectively than resveratrol and RTE, and it functions via downregulation of protein expression associated with hyperpigmentation in ${\alpha}$-MSH-triggered B16/F10 murine melanoma cells.
Laboratory and numerical experiments on stem waves due to monochromatic waves along a vertical wall
Yoon, Sung Bum,Lee, Jong-In,Kim, Young-Take,Shin, Choong Hun Copernicus GmbH 2018 Nonlinear processes in geophysics Vol.25 No.3
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this study, both laboratory and numerical experiments are conducted to investigate stem waves propagating along a vertical wall developed by the incidence of monochromatic waves. The results show the following features: for small-amplitude waves, the wave heights along the wall show a slowly varying undulation. Normalized wave heights perpendicular to the wall show a standing wave pattern. The overall wave pattern in the case of small-amplitude waves shows a typical diffraction pattern around a semi-infinite thin breakwater. As the amplitude of incident waves increases, both the undulation intensity and the asymptotic normalized wave height decrease along the wall. For larger-amplitude waves with smaller angle of incidence, the measured data clearly show stem waves. Numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of laboratory experiments. The results of present experiments favorably support the existence and the properties of stem waves found by other researchers using numerical simulations. The characteristics of the stem waves generated by the incidence of monochromatic Stokes waves are compared with those of the Mach stem of solitary waves.</p> </P>
( Yoon Yung Chung ),( Kang Moon Lee ),( Ji Min Lee ),( Dae Bum Kim ),( Hea Jung Sung ),( Woo Chul Chung ),( Chang Nyol Paik ),( Yeon Ji Kim ),( Hyewon Lee ),( Yeon Oh Jeong ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Recent studies suggest that the diverticular disease (DD) could be considered as a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. It was never investigated about the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in right colonic diverticular disease, and the grading of inflammatory infiltrate according to disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess and grade the mucosal inflammatory infiltrate in different degrees of DD and to compare them with healthy controls. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with endoscopic diagnosis of DD (10 with asymptomatic diverticulosis, 10 with symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and 10 with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis) and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. They underwent colonoscopy, and 2~4 biopsy samples of colonic mucosa were collected in the right colon. In DD, biopsies were taken in the peridiverticular area. The presence of inflammatory infiltrate was assessed by a semi-quantitative lymphocytes and neutrophils count. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for lymphocytes, and anti-CD15 monoclonal antibodies for neutrophils. Results: The mean lymphocytic cell density was significantly increased according to the degree of DD (P=0.000) (Table 1). There was higher lymphocytic cell density even in asymptomatic diverticulosis than healthy controls. A neutrophilic inflammatory in- filtrate was found only in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Conclusions: Microscopic inflammatory infiltration was increased according to the degree of right-sided DD. There was higher inflammatory cell density even in asymptomatic diverticulosis than healthy controls, which implies that right-sided diverticulosis may be considered as chronic inflammatory disease.