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- 저자 : Yi Okyeon (검색결과 96 건)
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Okyeon Yi 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2006 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.13 No.2
To account for the formation of employment-welfare relationship, conventional studies often rely on the demand-side or the supply-side perspective. To explain the complete mechanism in the observed nexus, however, I argue that a political institution and its historical path need to be investigated. By examining youth employment policy in Canada, this paper explores how the strategy of integrating social welfare policy with active labor market policy targeting youth ended up with potentials for unilateral action, both at the federal and provincial levels, how the subsequent centralizing force undermined the devolution efforts and the ensuing reform in accordance with neo-liberal framework in labor market policy, how political institutions in a federal state came to affect the phase of employment-welfare relationship, and ultimately why such a center-governed active labor market policy often falls short of realizing its intended objective of transforming the existing nexus between welfare state and production regime.
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American Wartime Democracy Redux
Okyeon Yi(이옥연) 한국정치학회 2011 한국정치학회보 Vol.45 No.6
본 논문은 일본의 진주만 공격 직후 미국 내 거주하던 일본인계 주민들을 대상으로 추진된 강제 이주와 억류 사례를 통해 편협과 불관용(不寬容)이 어떠한 경로를 통해 여론으로 집결되며 궁극적으로 정책으로 구상되는지 검토하고자 한다. 이러한 경우 불관용(不寬容)은 국민에 의해 수용되므로 민주주의 원칙에 저촉되지 않고 지도층이 채택해도 된다는 의미를 지닌다. 그러나 비록 여론이 공공정책 결정에 영향을 끼친다는 사실에도 불구하고 그러한 민주주의의 운용이 반드시 바람직하지는 않다는 불편한 진실을 보여주는 사례이다. 논문은 1) 행정명령 9066호를 통해 입법화된 강제이주, 2) 행정명령 9102호를 기반으로 진행된 억류, 3) 결어의 세 절로 구성된다. 첫 두 절에서는 민주주의의 핵심인 민의 대변代辯)을 설명하는 두 모델, 즉 반사적 대변(代辯)과 선제적 대변(代辯)을 정책결정에 적용하여 여론이 대통령제에서 어떠한 경로를 통해 대변되는지 서술하고자 한다. 이어 결론을 대신하여 민주주의의 딜레마와 그 파장효과를 가늠해 보고자 한다. 그럼으로써 1942년 사례를 통해 전시 미국 민주주의가 실제로 어떻게 구현되는지 살펴본 결과를 서술하고 후속 연구를 논하고자 한다. This paper explores how public opinion of political intolerance was represented and eventually formulated into a policy by examining the case of the evacuation and incarceration of Japanese descendants in the United States immediao arl Harbor attack. In this case, political intolerance was arguably accepted by the public and implemented by the elites without any detriment to democratic principles. It is also a case in which the discovery that public opinion does affect public policy-making does not make such a course of action “laudable.”After a survey of theoretical accounts, the remaining part of the paper is divided into three sections: the decision on evacuation which culminated in Executive Order 9066, the subsequent decision on incarceration rooted in Executive Order 9102 and a concluding remark. In the first two sections, the paper delineates how public opinion became framed into a policy by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a descriptive model of representation as reflected in policy decision-making: the reactive and preemptive representation of public opinion. As a conclusion, the paper dwells upon the dilemma in democracy and speculates on its ramifications. In so doing, this paper lays out 1) how American democracy worked in wartime in accordance with its principle, but 2) why its aftermath is discomforting even for its advocates by examining the 1942 relocation of Japanese ethnics, and 3) further research.
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Government Growth in Industrialized Representative Democracies
YI Okyeon(이옥연) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2007 신아세아 Vol.14 No.1
지난 백여년의 시기에 걸쳐 국가별 또는 시대별 차이가 있긴 하지만 공공부문의 놀라운 팽창은 공통적으로 발견된다. 또한 이러한 정부성장에 반발하여 정부의 역할에 대한 인식 자체를 변화시키려는 노력과 그 결과로 공공부문이 실질적으로 축소되는 것을 목격할 수 있다. 이러한 인식 변화가 모든 선진 대의민주주의국가에서 지속적인 공공부문의 축소를 가져옴으로써 궁극적으로 추구하는 사회경제적 변모를 달성할지 여부는 미지수다. 본 논문은 정부성장에 대한 다양한 이론적 설명들을 선별적으로 평가하고 있다. 이러한 작업을 통해 공공부문의 지출증가는 정부의 역할에 대한 인식변화와 밀접한 상관관계를 가지나 그 상관관계가 실질적으로 경제부문 전반에 영향을 미치는지 여부는 법제도적 거버넌스의 맥락 속에 이루어진다는 점을 강조하고자 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 정부성장을 이론화하는 다수의 접근법을 비교분석하여 공공부문의 정치경제에 관한 장래 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 그 의의를 두고자 한다. Governments grew dramatically in all countries over the past century, although such a rapid growth in public expenditure was hardly identical across countries and often across different periods of time in the same country. We also have witnessed various attempts to reverse the trend of government growth, accompanied by changes in attitudes toward the role of government over the past 20 years or so. It remains to be seen whether this change in attitudes leads to an actual reduction in public expenditure across all industrialized representative democracies and ultimately a better socio-economic performance as they see fit. This paper is a selective review of theoretical efforts to explain government growth. In doing so, I will illustrate that changes in public expenditure levels tend to correlate with changes in attitudes toward the role of government. Yet the extent to which such an observed relation results in any substantive changes in the economic sector depends on the legal-institutional framework of governance. By canvassing theoretical approaches to government growth, this paper will portend possible directions for future research on political economy of public expenditure.
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Theorizing about Defense and Performance: A Selective Research Assessment
( Okyeon Yi Hong ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2003 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.8 No.1
Previous research on the relationship between the military sector finance and economic performance has often produced conflicting results. Since no consensus has emerged, a substantial number of scholars insisted that there must be a trade-off between defense and economic performance. Unfortunately, these efforts also failed to produce conceptual and/or statistical findings that researchers can accept for the existence of such trade-offs or their nature. Many researchers, then, turned to the question of causality between defense and economic performance. Although research on the causal relationship between the two variables improves upon the conventional cross-sectional ordinary least square (OLS) equations, it, nonetheless, fails to explain the subtle yet important differences in the relationship between two variables among countries arguably similar in many respects. This paper surveys the literature that deals with this perennial debate on the interrelationship between defense and the economy. By covering some of the works representative of the concerned field, I will sort out theories on the relationship between the two variables and propose promising directions for further inquiry.
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