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Hong Yeojin,Heo Jubi,강수연,부 티 하오,Lillehoj, Hyun S.,홍영호 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.6
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the target genes of gga-miR-20a-5p and the regulated immune responses in the chicken macrophage cell line, HD11, by the exosome-mediated delivery of miR-20a-5p. Methods: Exosomes were purified from the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. Then, mimic gga-miR-20p or negative control miRNA were internalized into HD11 exosomes. HD11 cells were transfected with gga-miR-20a-5p or negative control miRNA containing exosomes. After 44 h of transfection, cells were incubated with or without 5 μg/mL poly(I:C) for 4 h. Then, expression of target genes and cytokines was evaluated by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. Results: Using a luciferase reporter assay, we identified that gga-miR-20a-5p directly targeted interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5), and mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAP3K14). Moreover, the exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p successfully repressed the expression of IFNGR2, MAPK1, MAP3K5, and MAP3K14 in HD11 cells. The expressions of interferon-stimulated genes (MX dynamin like GTPase 1 [MX1], eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A [EIF2A], and oligoadenylate synthase-like [OASL]) and proinflammatory cytokines (interferongamma [IFNG], interleukin-1 beta [IL1B], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFA]) were also downregulated by exosomal miR-20a-5p. In addition, the proliferation of HD11 cells was increased by exosomal miR-20a-5p. Conclusion: The exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p regulated immune responses by controlling the MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways. Furthermore, we expected that exosomal miR-20a-5p could maintain immune homeostasis against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection by regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cell death.
YeoJin Ju,Dong-Chan Koh,Hong-Il Kwon,Dong-Hun Kim 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
The quality of river-side groundwater is dependent on the complicated hydrodynamic conditions, such as the convergent flow setting and stream-aquifer interactions. To understand the water mass balance and the nutrient dynamics in agricultural riparian zones, we used water and nitrate stable isotopes, inert gas tracers, 16S rRNA gene analysis and land use information with the aid of regional scale chemical data. Water samples were collected from the river-side granitic aquifers, which recently shows significant water level drawdown (-0.8 m/y). Heterogeneous river water infiltration into granitic aquifer was identified using the Bayesian mixing model (7.1% to 48.6%) considering uncertainties of SiO₂(aq) and d<SUP>18</SUP>O in regional groundwater. The stream-aquifer interaction was also demonstrated by the spatial distribution of He tracer. The major source of the N-nutrient was manure/sewage from dry farmland and residential area, with their land use (area, %) explained the majority of NO₃ distribution in groundwater (R²=0.935). δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, δ<SUP>18</SUP>O and NO₃<SUP>-</SUP> distributions revealed that the denitrification process was dominant in the river-side groundwater, generating N2(g). The correlation between N2(g) and paddy field (area, %), implied the importance of low permeable layers for natural attenuation. Anammox bacteria were present in multiple locations of the river-side groundwater, implying the efficient attenuation of nitrate in the site. Distribution of He and Ar indicated the aquifers were not closed for the N transformation process with loss of the generated N2(g) up to 21%. The N2(g) loss in the riverside aquifers is likely to be related to the pressure reduction induced by heavy groundwater pumping in this area.
Soyeon Park,Yeojin Kim,Sunwoo Yoon,You Jin Nam,Sunhwa Hong,Yong Hyuk Cho,Sang Joon Son,Chang Hyung Hong,Jai Sung Noh,Hyun Woong Roh 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.3
Objective The impact of the government-initiated senior employment program (GSEP) on geriatric depressive symptoms is underexplored. Unearthing this connection could facilitate the planning of future senior employment programs and geriatric depression interventions. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the possible association between geriatric depressive symptoms and GSEP in older adults.Methods This study employed data from 9,287 participants aged 65 or older, obtained from the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey. We measured depressive symptoms using the Korean version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The principal exposure of interest was employment status and GSEP involvement. Data analysis involved multiple linear regression.Results Employment, independent of income level, showed association with decreased depressive symptoms compared to unemployment (p<0.001). After adjustments for confounding variables, participation in GSEP jobs showed more significant reduction in depressive symptoms than non-GSEP jobs (β=-0.968, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-1.197 to -0.739, p<0.001 for GSEP jobs, β=-0.541, 95% CI=-0.681 to -0.401, p<0.001 for non-GSEP jobs). Notably, the lower income tertile in GSEP jobs showed a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms compared to all income tertiles in non-GSEP jobs.Conclusion The lower-income GSEP group experienced lower depressive symptoms and life dissatisfaction compared to non-GSEP groups regardless of income. These findings may provide essential insights for the implementation of government policies and community-based interventions.