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        Fabrication of Patterned Polydiacetylene Composite Films Using a Replica-Molding (REM) Technique

        Yarimaga, Oktay,Lee, Sumi,Kim, Jong-Man,Choi, Yang-Kyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.31 No.3

        <P>Functional three-dimensional (3D) micropatterns of diacetylene supramolecules embedded in a host polymer have been successfully fabricated by a replica-molding (REM) technique. Dimensional reduction as a result of liquid evaporation during the curing process does not affect the conformational features of the transferred patterns. Polymerization of the diacetylene vesicles using 254 nm UV-light irradiation from the back-side of the transparent substrate induces blue colored polydiacetylene (PDA) micro-images. Interestingly, the polymerization selectively occurs in the molded areas because of the sub-300 nm light blocking property of SU-8. 3D fluorescence patterns are readily obtained by heat treatment of the blue images on the film.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2010-31-3-MARC200900662-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2010-31-3-MARC200900662-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>3D solid and image patterns of a polydiacetylene composite on a free-standing film are fabricated using a REM method with consequent self-aligned back-side UV-light irradiation. Thermal stress induces a blue-to-red color transition of the polymerized regions with generation of functional fluorescence patterns. <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2010-31-3-MARC200900662-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2010-31-3-MARC200900662-content'> </P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Electrophoretic deposition of amphiphilic diacetylene supramolecules: polymerization, selective immobilization, pattern transfer and sensor applications

        Yarimaga, Oktay,Yoon, Bora,Ham, Dae-Young,Lee, Joosub,Hara, Masahiko,Choi, Yang-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Man Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.46

        <P>We describe the results of electrophoretic deposition characteristics of a conjugated polymer, polydiacetylene (PDA), that reveal film forming behavior, polymerization effects, pattern transfer capabilities, and fluorescence based thermo/mechano-responsive features of the deposited layer. The electric field applied in a two electrode system promotes the oriented motion of diacetylene (DA) supramolecules in aqueous solution in a direction that is determined by the charge polarities of tailorable pendant groups on the DA monomers. Through this mechanism, electrophoretic deposition of DA supramolecules on a conductive layer takes place to yield vesicular clustered aggregates with continuous leaf-like morphologies. In addition, unusual conformational changes of the DA monomers during the deposition result in the formation of polymerized blue colored PDAs on the working electrode. Based on these properties, selective deposition of the supramolecules on pre-patterned templates and consequent pattern transfer to a flexible substrate can be utilized to fabricate PDA-based microarray sensors. The chromatic change of the vesicles induced by an applied mechanical stress during pattern transfer is found to be dependent on the side groups of the DA monomers. Owing to inherent non-fluorescence to fluorescence transition features of PDA supramolecules occurring as a response to thermal perturbations, electrophoretically deposited PDA vesicles are employed to monitor the temperature of a heat dispensing micro-heater device.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Electrophoretic deposition of diacetylene vesicles on conductive substrates affords an unusual polymerization of the vesicles in the form of clustered structures. Using the selective deposition approach, functional microarrays with the potential for PDA-based sensor applications were constructed. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm13764f'> </P>

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        Thermofluorescent Conjugated Polymer Sensors for Nano‐ and Microscale Temperature Monitoring

        Yarimaga, Oktay,Lee, Sumi,Ham, Dae‐,Young,Choi, Ji‐,Min,Kwon, Soon Gyu,Im, Maesoon,Kim, Sungho,Kim, Jong‐,Man,Choi, Yang‐,Kyu WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.212 No.12

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>It is shown that due to the inherent irreversible non‐fluorescence to fluorescence transition feature of polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecules that occurs in response to thermal perturbations, PDA vesicles embedded in a host polymer matrix function as nano/microscale temperature indicators. As a result, they are used to monitor temperature gradients on an integrated circuit chip and to uncover submicrometer size filamentary defects in a resistance random access memory (RRAM) device structure. This new methodology should find a wide applicability in carrying out temperature distribution analysis on semiconductor and micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS) devices where the detection of local heat deviations of small‐scale components is critical. </P>

      • Polydiacetylenes: supramolecular smart materials with a structural hierarchy for sensing, imaging and display applications

        Yarimaga, Oktay,Jaworski, Justyn,Yoon, Bora,Kim, Jong-Man The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.19

        <P>While a large variety of conjugated polymers exist, polydiacetylenes (PDAs) remain a major research area among scientists due to their interesting optical, spectral, electronic, and structural properties. Heavily reviewed in regards to their stimuli responsive properties, much is known about the assortment of sensing and detection capabilities of PDAs. In this article, we look more upon the structural diversities of polydiacetylenes that have been achieved in recent years, particularly from a hierarchical perspective of 1, 2, and 3-dimensional configurations. In addition, we examine how these different dimensional arrangements of PDAs have heralded clear applications in several key areas. Successful integration of these stimuli-responsive “smart” materials into various geometries has required researchers to have a comprehensive understanding of both the fabrication and synthesis processes, as well as the signalling mechanism for the optical, fluorogenic or spectral transitions. The on-going discovery of new PDA formulations continues to provide interesting structural manifestations such as liposomes, tubes, fibres, organic/inorganic incorporated hybrids and composite structures. By highlighting some of the recent conceptual and technological developments, we hope to provide a measure of the current pace in new PDA derivative development as core components in efficient sensor, imaging and display systems.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Recent advances in polydiacetylene based sensing, imaging, and display technologies are examined from a morphological perspective, as these stimuli responsive materials have shown the ability to adopt a range of useful and interesting confirmations by self-assembly and patterning. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc17441c'> </P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        An inkjet-printable microemulsion system for colorimetric polydiacetylene supramolecules on paper substrates

        Yoon, Bora,Shin, Hyora,Yarimaga, Oktay,Ham, Dae-Young,Kim, Jiwan,Park, In Sung,Kim, Jong-Man The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.17

        <P>Owing to their flexible, light-weight and disposable properties, paper-based electronic and sensor systems have gained much attention. Efficient immobilization and patterning of functional materials on paper substrates are critical to device performance. Herein, we report an inkjet printable and photopolymerizable diacetylene (DA) containing microemulsion system that can be readily transferred to paper substrates using a common office inkjet printer. UV-induced polymerization afforded clean formation of polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecules on paper and the polymer displayed a typical thermochromism. The resolution of the printed PDA images was found to be equivalent to that of conventional black ink. The randomly oriented DA in the oil phase was found to be transformed to self-assembled layered structures upon printing. The printed PDA supramolecules derived from 5,7-dodecadiyne-1,12-diol bis[((butoxycarbonyl)methyl)urethane] (4BCMU) displayed a blue-to-red-to-yellow color transition upon heating. Thus, the blue colored 4BCMU-derived polymer was converted to a red colored PDA at 100 °C and further heating to 180 °C resulted in the generation of a yellow colored PDA. Upon cooling to room temperature, the yellow colored PDA became red and a complete colorimetric reversibility was observed between red (30 °C) and yellow (180 °C). The thermally promoted reversible PDA phase transition was successfully applied to a banknote to demonstrate an application to a potential counterfeit prevention method.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>By using diacetylene containing microemulsions, we were able to generate polydiacetylene images on paper substrates for flexible and disposable sensors. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm30301a'> </P>

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        Substrate surface roughness-dependent 3-D complex nanoarchitectures of gold particles from directed electrodeposition

        Huang, Xing-Jiu,Yarimaga, Oktay,Kim, Ju-Hyun,Choi, Yang-Kyu Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.4

        <P>The effects of substrate surface roughness on the directed electrodeposition of gold 3-D complex nanoarchitectures with hedgehog-shaped, cauliflower-shaped, or bunch-of-grapes-shaped surface features are revealed. The surface morphology of the synthesized particles was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their chemical composition was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The surfaces of ITO/glass substrate with different roughness were checked using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. Effects of variation of the deposition potential on the growth of Au nanocomplex structure have provided valuable information to clarify the substrate surface roughness-dependent 3-D nanocomplex synthesis. Pt/Au bimetallic particles with different surface features were produced under the same experimental conditions using mentioned different rough ITO/glass substrates. The growth follows a diffusion controlled mechanism. Electrochemical experimental results demonstrated that such hedgehog-shaped Au particles exhibit enhanced voltammetric responses. These findings offer insight into the electrosynthesis of complex micro/nano-structures. Interesting 3-D nanostructures can be realized by controlling the surface roughness of the substrate.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Gold 3-D complex nanoarchitectures with hedgehog-shaped, cauliflower-shaped, or bunch-of-grapes-shaped surface features can be electrosynthesized on ITO/glass substrates with different surface roughnesses. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b816835k'> </P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Inkjet Printing of Conjugated Polymer Precursors on Paper Substrates for Colorimetric Sensing and Flexible Electrothermochromic Display

        Yoon, Bora,Ham, Dae‐,Young,Yarimaga, Oktay,An, Hyosung,Lee, Chan Woo,Kim, Jong‐,Man WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced materials Vol.23 No.46

        <P><B>Inkjet‐printable aqueous suspensions of conjugated polymer precursors</B> <B>are developed for fabrication of patterned color images on paper substrates</B>. Printing of a diacetylene (DA)‐surfactant composite ink on unmodified paper and photopaper, as well as on a banknote, enables generation of latent images that are transformed to blue‐colored polydiacetylene (PDA) structures by UV irradiation. Both irreversible and reversible thermochromism with the PDA printed images are demonstrated and applied to flexible and disposable sensors and to displays.</P>

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