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Qiong Luo,Zhuoneng Li,Jun Yan,Fan Zhu,Ruo-Jun Xu,Yi-Zhong Cai1 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are important functional constituents in red-colored fruits of L. barbarum (Guo Qi Zi, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant commonly known as Goji berry or wolfberry). The influence of LBP on human prostate cancer cells was systematically investigated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro effects of LBP on two cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145) were examined by using trypan blue exclusion staining, single-cell gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and immunohistochemical assay (assessment of Bcl-2 and Bax expression). The in vivo effect of LBP on PC-3 cells was assessed in the nude mouse xenograft tumor model. The in vitro results showed that LBP can dose- and time-dependently inhibit the growth of both PC-3 and DU-145 cells. LBP caused the breakage of DNA strands of PC-3 and DU-145 cells; the tail frequency and tail length were significantly higher than that of control cells. LBP also markedly induced PC-3 and DU-145 cell apoptosis, with the highest apoptosis rates at 41.5% and 35.5%, respectively. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression following LBP treatments decreased significantly with a dose–effect relationship, which suggested that LBP can regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax to induce apoptosis of PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The in vivo experimental results indicate that LBP might significantly inhibit PC-3 tumor growth in nude mice. Both the tumor volume and weight of the LBP treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group.
Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Yi, Yong,He, Hong-Wei,Ni, Xiao-Chun,Zhou, Jian,Cheng, Yun-Feng,Jin, Jian-Jun,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2
Objectives: TCR-gamma-delta+T cells (${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells were substantially attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. Methods: The association between ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). Results:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036, respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells showed independent prognostic value for TTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]). However, tumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients. Conclusions: Low counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrence in HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.
The Influence of Nozzles on Bottomhole Flow Field of Dual-diameter PDC Bit
Yan Yan,Zhichuan Guan,Cai Yang,Han Yan 한국유체기계학회 2020 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.13 No.1
In order to improve cleaning efficiency of dual-diameter PDC bit, the total flow area, inclination angle and azimuth angle of bit’s pilot and reaming nozzles were analyzed. By numerical simulation, the velocity, pressure and particle distribution of bottomhole are obtained. The results show that low pressure area of pilot downhole decreases while low pressure of reamer downhole increases with the increase of total flow area. The mud velocity of central bottomhole has the negative relationship with inclination angle and positive relationship with azimuth angle. Best cleaning efficiency can be achieved when total flow area is 12 ㎠, inclination angles of pilot and reamer are respectively 15° and 25°, and azimuth angles of pilot and reamer are respectively 60° and 30°.
In silico modeling of pathogenic or possibly pathogenic point mutations in PSEN2
Cai, Yan,Bagyinszky, Eva,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, SangYun THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. 3 genes found to be involved in early-onset AD encode amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin1 (PSEN1), and presenilin2 (PSEN2). Presenilin mutations play a key role, with more than 200 mutations described for PSEN1 and approximately 40 for PSEN2. However, whether mutations cause disease or have effects on protein function is often unknown. For further study, such as genetic counseling and pathogenesis, the important thing we need do is to classify mutations into 'pathogenic' or 'not pathogenic'. Building a structural context in cell for all mutations is expensive and time consuming. In this study, we summarized substitution mutations in the PSEN2 gene and attempted to identify pathogenic mutations using Polyphen2 (polymorphism phenotyping v2), SIFT (Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant), and 3-D structure analysis techniques.
Antimicrobial glycoalkaloids from the tubers of Stephania succifera
Yan-Bo Zeng,Dai-Jing Wei,Wen-Hua Dong,Cai-Hong Cai,De-Lan Yang,Hui-Min Zhong,Wen-Li Mei,Hao Fu Dai 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.4
Three new glycoalkaloids, N-formyl-asimilobine-2-O-b-D-glucoside (1), (-)-1-O-b-D-glucoside-8-oxotetrahydropalmatine(2), and 1-N-monomethylcarbamateargentinine-3-O-b-D-glucoside (3) were isolated fromtubers of Stephania succifera. The structures were establishedbased on spectroscopic analysis, and the antimicrobialactivities of the three glycoalkaloids are reported.
In silico modeling of pathogenic or possibly pathogenic point mutations in PSEN2
Yan Cai,Eva Bagyinszky,안성수,김상윤,Eva Bagyinszky 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2016 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.12 No.4
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. 3 genes found to be involved in early-onset AD encode amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin1 (PSEN1), and presenilin2 (PSEN2). Presenilin mutations play a key role, with more than 200 mutations described for PSEN1 and approximately 40 for PSEN2. However, whether mutations cause disease or have effects on protein function is often unknown. For further study, such as genetic counseling and pathogenesis, the important thing we need do is to classify mutations into “pathogenic” or “not pathogenic”. Building a structural context in cell for all mutations is expensive and time consuming. In this study, we summarized substitution mutations in the PSEN2 gene and attempted to identify pathogenic mutations using Polyphen2 (polymorphism phenotyping v2), SIFT (Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant), and 3-D structure analysis techniques.
A Study on the Non-market Economic Treatment of WTO Trade Remedies: A Focus on Case Analysis
Yan Cai,Eun-Mi Kim 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.3
The early stages of the GATT focused on MEs and did not include rules related to NMEs. With the creation of the WTO in 1995 and the participation of NMEs in a multilateral trading system, the WTO became interested in different treatments between MEs and NMEs. However, the ambiguity of the WTO Agreement on NME treatment has been exploited as a tool of protectionism. Particularly, some powerful countries, such as the U.S. and the EU, have even enacted national laws that do not match the WTO to discriminate against NMEs and protect domestic industries. Through trade dispute analysis between the U.S. and China (DS379) and the EU and China (DS397), this study investigates whether the WTO fulfills its fair free trade obligations. If the WTO cannot solve the problem of discrepancy between multilateral agreements and domestic laws, free trade competition will be negatively affected by distorted resource allocation. In order to strengthen the legal status of the WTO and to avoid a global trade war, it is necessary to clarify NME issues on multilateral agreement tables such as the Doha Development Round. NMEs also need to focus on negotiating NME treatment rules and demonstrate diplomatic and political capabilities more than ever.