Antioxidant Action of a Chrysanthemum morifolium Extract Protects Rat Brain Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Guo-Hua Lin,Lin Lin,Hua-Wei Liang,Xin Ma,Jing-Ye Wang,Li-Ping Wu,Hui-Di Jiang,Iain C. Bruce,Qiang Xia 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2

The present study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of the total flavones extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium (TFCM) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. An animal model of cerebral ischemia was established by occluding the right middle cerebral artery for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion for 22 hours. The neurobehavioral scores, infarct area, and hemispheric edema were evaluated. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in brain were also measured. The results showed that pretreatment with TFCM significantly decreased the neurological deficit scores, percentage of infarction, and brain edema and attenuated the decrease in SOD activity, the elevation of MDA content, and the generation of ROS. In isolated brain mitochondria, Ca2+-induced swelling was attenuated by pretreatment with TFCM, and this effect was antagonized by atractyloside. These results showed that pretreatment with TFCM provides significant protection against cerebral I/R injury in rats by, at least in part, its antioxidant action and consequent inhibition of mitochondrial swelling.

Synthesis, Characterization and pH-Responsive Self-Assembly Behavior of Amphiphilic Multiarm Star Triblock Copolymers Based on PCL, PDEAEMA, and PEG

You Qiang Yang,Wen Jing Lin,Li Juan Zhang,Cheng Zhi Cai,Wei Jiang,Xin Dong Guo,Yu Qian 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.9

A series of amphiphilic 4- and 6-armed star triblock copolymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL),poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA), and poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)(PPEGMA) were designed and synthesized by a combination of ring opening polymerization (ROP) and continuous activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). The continuous ARGET ATRP of DEAEMA and PEGMA was in situ monitored by react infrared spectroscopy (ReactIR) and showed good first-order kinetic characteristics. The molecular weights and chemical structures of the copolymers and their precursors were confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the star copolymers in aqueous solution were extremely low (2.2-4.0 mg/L), depending on the architecture of the copolymers. The pH-responsive self-assembly behavior of the star copolymers in aqueous solution was investigated by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the pH values decreased from 10 to 3, no obvious fluctuation of the visible light transmittance of the micelle solutions was observed for lower polymer concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL, while sharp increase occurred at higher concentration of 10 mg/mL. The hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of the micelle solutions appeared slight increase with the increase of concentration, and increased rapidly as the pH decreased from 10 to 4 followed by a slight decrease at pH 3. The effects of pH value on the zeta potentials exhibited almost the same tendency with the Dh. This may due to the fact that the protonation of tertiary amine groups in DEAEMA can induce the swelling of micelles. The PCL and PDEAEMA contents and the topological structures (4-or 6-arm) showed significant influences on the pH-sensitivity of the micelles. Overall, the results demonstrated that the structures and pH-sensitivity of these amphiphilic copolymers could be well-controlled and their self-assembled micelles are promising carriers for delivery of anticancer hydrophobic drugs.

Isolation of an Isocarbophos-Degrading Strain of Arthrobacter sp. Scl-2 and Identification of the Degradation Pathway

Rong Li,Xin Qiang Guo,Kai Chen,Jian Chun Zhu,Shun Peng Li,Jian Dong Jiang 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.11

Increased brain uptake of venlafaxine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles by overcoming the efflux function and expression of P-gp

Yan Zhou,Xin’an Wu,Guo-Qiang Zhang,Zhi Rao,Yang Yang,Qian Zhou,Hongyan Qin,Yuhui Wei 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.7

Venlafaxine (VLX) could be pumped out of the brain by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Moreover, the expression of P-gp distributed in blood–brain barrier could be significantly induced by VLX. Thus, P-gp could be considered as the nature barrier for delivering of VLX to the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the efflux function and increased expression of P-gp could be reversed by utilizing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). VLX solid lipid nanoparticles (VLX - SLN) were prepared and evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of VLX in different formulations were conducted after oral or intravenous administration. P-gp efflux function to VLX was evaluated by the brain uptake amount of VLX, while P-gp expression was investigated by Western blotting. Results indicated that the entrapment, mean size and zata potential of VLX - SLN was 74.9 ± 3.0 %, 186.3 ± 69.26 nm and -22.8 ± 7.78 mv, respectively. After vein injection of VLX formulations, the brain uptake amount of VLX from VLX - SLN was significantly higher than that of VLX solution, VLX solution with empty SLN (VLX? empty SLN) and VLX solution with Verapamil (VLX ? Ver), respectively. Furthermore, the protein mass of P-gp in VLX - SLN treated group was the lowest among all the investigated groups. These results indicated that SLN could overcome P-gp and achieve brain target by intravenous administration.

Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Yu, Zu-Hu,Zhang, Qiang,Wang, Ya-Dong,Chen, Jing,Jiang, Zhi-Mao,Shi, Min,Guo, Xin,Qin, Jie,Cui, Guang-Hui,Cai, Zhi-Ming,Gui, Yao-Ting,Lai, Yong-Qing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of COX-1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its prognostic value. mRNA of COX-1 was detected in 42 paired RCC and adjacent normal tissues with quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expression of COX-1 was also evaluated in 196 RCC sections and 91 adjacent normal tissues with immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed to assess COX-1 expression in RCC and its prognostic significance. The results of qRT-PCR showed mRNA levels of COX-1 in RCC tissues to be significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical assays also revealed COX-1 to be overexpressed in RCC tissues (p < 0.001). Statistical analysis demonstrated high expression of COX-1 was correlated with tumour size (p = 0.002), pathological stage (p = 0.003), TNM stage (p = 0.003, 0.007, 0.027, respectively), and tumour recurrence (p < 0.001). Survival analysis indicated patients with high expression of COX-1 had shorter survival time (p < 0.001), and COX-1 was an independent predictor. This is the first study to reveal overexpression of COX-1 in RRC and point to use as a prognostic marker in affected patients.

Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Isodon coetsa and their Cytotoxicity

Wei Zhao,Jian Xin Pu,Xue Du,Yong Zhao,Fei He,Hai Bo Zhang,Yong Bo Xue,Wei Lie Xiao,Han Dong Sun,Ying Li Wu,Guo Qiang Chen 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.12

Three new compounds (1-3), including a neolignan, a triterpenoid, and a diterpenoid, together with twenty known compounds (4-23), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon coetsa. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1, 3, 5-9, 11-13, 16-17, and 19-23 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HT-29, BEL-7402, and SK-OV-3 human tumor cell lines. Compound 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on all three types of cells, with IC50 values of 2.52, 3.06, 2.14 μM, respectively.

Crystal structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Ta/W codoped Bi3TiNbO9 Aurivillius phase ceramics

Zhihang Peng,Dongxu Yan,Qiang Chen,Deqiong Xin,Dan Liu,Dingquan Xiao,Jian-guo Zhu 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.12

Aurivillius phase Bi3Ti1xTaxNb1xWxO12 high temperature piezoceramics were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method. The crystal structure, dielectric, electrical conduction and piezoelectric properties were systematically studied. Pure or modified Bi3TiNbO9 ceramics revealed the presence of only two-layered Aurivillius phase, indicating that Ta/W doping entered into the B-site of pseudo-perovskite structure and formed solid solutions. The Curie temperature had a strong reliance on the structural distortion. Furthermore, Ta/W dopants act as a donor doping, decrease the number of oxygen vacancies and facilitate the domain wall motion. As a result, Ta/W modifications significantly increase the DC resistivity and piezoelectric properties. Bi3Ti0.98Ta0.02Nb0.98W0.02O12 ceramics possess the optimum d33 value (~12.5 pC/N) together with a high TC point (~893 C). Moreover, the resonance eantiresonance spectra demonstrate that the Ta/W-BTN ceramics are indeed piezoelectric in nature at 600 C. The d33 value of BTTNW-2 ceramic remains ~12.2 pC/N after annealing at 700 C. These factors suggest that the BTTNW-based ceramic is a promising candidate for ultra-high temperature sensor applications.

TsMIP6 enhances the tolerance of transgenic rice to salt stress and interacts with target proteins

Linlin Sun,Guohong Yu,Xiaori Han,Shichao Xin,Xiaojing Qiang,Linlin Jiang,Shuhui Zhang,Xian-guo Cheng 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.5

Aquaporins (AQPs), a large family of channel proteins in plants, play an important role in regulating the balance of osmotic potential in cells. We isolated an AQP gene, TsMIP6, from the halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea and functionally characterized it in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa). This gene belongs to a subfamily of tonoplast intrinsic proteins and is localized at the plasma membrane. Real-time PCR showed that expression of TsMIP6 in shoots or roots of T. salsuginea was markedly induced by salinity, whereas its ectopic expression in ‘Kitaake’ lines of rice significantly increased plant tolerance to salt stress. Physiological data suggested that TsMIP6 is involved in regulating ion homeostasis and water channel activity in salt-stressed transgenic rice. Heterologous expression analysis indicated that TsMIP6 specifically interacts with a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 64 protein #617 in yeast cells. This suggests that the relationship between TsMIP6 and #617 has a crucial role in mediating osmotic balance in plant cells. Moreover, TsMIP6 might help to modulate the transport of some neutral molecules and may function through a pathway regulating solute equilibrium to maintain osmotic potential.

Profile of disposition, tissue distribution and excretion of the novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent W-1 in rats

Ying-Yuan Lu,Xiao-Wei Wang,Xin Wang,Wen-Bing Dai,Qiang Zhang,Pu Li,Ya-Qing Lou,Chuang Lu,Jun-Yi Liu,Guo-Liang Zhang 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.7

The purpose of this study was to characterize the disposition, distribution, excretion and plasma protein binding of 6-benzyl-1-benzyloxymethyl-5-iodouracil (W- 1) in rats. Concentrations of W-1 within biological samples were determined using a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. The plasma protein binding of W-1 was examined by equilibrium dialysis method. After oral administration of W-1 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) in self-microemulsifying drug delivery system formulation, the pharmacokinetic parameters of W-1 were as follows: the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 0.42, 1.50 and 2.55 μg/mL, the area under the curve (AUC0-t) were 0.89, 2.27 and 3.96 lg/h mL and the plasma half-life (t1/2) were 5.15, 3.77 and 3.77 h, respectively. Moreover, the prototype of W-1 was rapidly and extensively distributed into fifteen tissues, especially higher concentrations were detected in intestine, stomach and liver, respectively. The plasma protein binding of W-1 in rat, beagle dog and human were in the range of 97.96–99.13 %. This study suggested that W-1 has an appropriate pharmacokinetics in rats, such as rapid absorption, moderate clearance, and rapid distribution to multiple tissues. Those properties provide important information for further development W-1 as an anti-HIV-1 drug candidate.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the functional diversity of insects in Thousand Island Lake, China

Tian‐Hao Tu,Ji-Rui WANG,Jian-Qiang GU,Tian-Qi LI,Kun LV,Guo-Xin ZHOU,Zhi-Hong XU 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.2

Due to habitat fragmentation, the loss of species diversity has been extensively studied. On the contrary, the effects of habitat fragmentation on functional diversity is still poorly understood. In the Thousand Island Lake, we conducted studies of insect functional diversity on a set of 29 isolated islands. We used 10 functional diversity indices from three aspects (functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence) to respectively describe functional diversity of insects on sample islands. We found the following results: (i) The functional indices selected could reflect the functional diversity of sample islands and it is further proved that in general, three components of functional diversity were independent of each other; (ii) Sample islands could be divided into two categories, island JSD and the remaining islands; (iii) Functional richness increased with island area and shape index, but had no significant correlation with isolation. Likewise, both functional evenness and functional divergence had no significant correlation with island attributes. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that: (i) habitat fragmentation reduced the biological functional diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection; and (ii) for functional diversity protection of insects in a fragmented landscape, an island which has high approximate shape index values of at least hundred hectare magnitude order has a critical promoting effect.