〈세 번째 성찰〉에서 대상적 실재성과 질료적 허위

홍우람(Wooram HONG) 철학연구회 2016 哲學硏究 Vol.0 No.114

Synthetic Jet을 이용한 유동제어 특성연구

홍우람(Wooram Hong),김상훈(Sang Hoon Kim),김우레(Woore Kim),김유신(Yushin Kim),김종암(Chongam Kim) 한국전산유체공학회 2007 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.12 No.2

To develop an aerodynamic performance, two groups of studies have been achieved widely. One is about the geometric design of vehicles and the other is about aerodynamic devices. Geometric design is a credible and stable method However, it is not flexible and each part is related interactively. Therefore, if one part of geometry is modified, the other part will be required to redesign. On the other hand, the flow control by aerodynamic devices is flexible and modulized method. Even though it needs some energy, a relatively small amount of input makes more advanced aerodynamic performance. Synthetic jet is one of the method in the second group. The device repeats suctions and blowing motions in constant frequency. According to the performance, the adjacent flow to flight surface are served momentum. This mechanism can reduce the aerodynamic loss of boundary layer and separated flow. A synthetic jet actuator has several parameters, which influences the flow control. This study focuses on the parameter effects of synthetic jet - orifice geometry, frequency, jet speed and etc.

Synthetic jet을 이용한 유동제어 특성연구

홍우람(Wooram Hong),김상훈(Sang Hoon Kim),김우레(Woore Kim),김유신(Yushin Kim),김종암(Chongam Kim) 한국전산유체공학회 2007 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

To develop the aerodynamic performance, there are widely two group of studies are achieved The first one is about design of the vehicles geometry and the second one is about aerodynamic devices. Geometry design is highly credible and stable method But it is not flexible and each parts are related interactively. So if one part geometry are modified, the other parts are required to be redesigned The other hand, flow control by aerodynamic device is flexible and modulized method Though it needs energy, relatively little input makes far advanced aerodynamic performance. Synthetic Jet is one of the second group method The device repeats suction and blowing motion in constant frequency. According to the performance, the flow which are near the flight surface are served momentum. This mechanism can reduce the aerodynamic loss by boundary layer and separated flow. Synthetic jet actuator has several parameters, that influence the flow control. This study focus the parameters effects of the synthetic jet - orifice geometry, frequency, jet speed and etc.

칸트의 『순수이성비판』에 나타난 ‘객관적 실재성’ 개념의 충돌과 창조

홍우람(Wooram Hong) 한국철학회 2015 철학 Vol.0 No.122

이 논문은 『순수이성비판』의 주요 개념 중 하나인 ‘객관적 실재성’ 개념의 의미를 철학사적 맥락에서 검토한다. 이를 통해 우리는 ‘객관적 실재성’이라는 전통적 개념을 칸트가 어떻게 수용하였는지 확인하는 동시에 『순수이성비판』의 체계 내에서 칸트가 ‘객관적 실재성’ 개념에 어떻게 새로운 의미를 부여하였는지 확인하고자 한다. 이 논문에서 우리의 주장은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 철학사의 전통적인 용법에서 ‘객관적 실재성’ 개념은 ‘표상의 대상과의 관계맺음’으로 이해되지만, 이 때 대상은 주관 독립적인 실재로서의 대상이 아니라 주관내에서 지향된 대상을 의미한다. 둘째, 『순수이성비판』에서도 ‘객관적 실재성’개념은 마찬가지로 ‘표상의 대상과의 관계맺음’을 의미하지만, 전통적 용법과 달리 이 때 대상은 주관 독립적인 대상을 의미한다. 셋째, 이러한 ‘객관적 실재성’ 개념의 의미는 칸트의 경험적 실재론에 따른 것이며, 이는 칸트의 초월적 관념론의 궁극적 귀결이다. In this paper Kant’s concept of ‘objective reality’ which is one of the most important concepts in the first Critique is examined in the context of the history of philosophy. Through this we try to identify, on the one hand, how Kant inherited the concept of ‘objective reality’ from the tradition, and on the other hand, how he accorded a new meaning to it in relation to the system of his first Critique. For this purpose, we claim as following. First, the traditional meaning of the term, ‘objective reality,’ can be understood in terms of the reference of a representation to an object, and the object in question here is not an object which is independent of the subject, but an object which is dependent on the subject, i.e., an intentional object as represented by the subject. Secondly, while the term, ‘objective reality,’ is likewise understood in Kant’s first Critique as the reference to an object, the object in question here is an object which is independent of the representing subject. Thirdly, this new meaning of the term, ‘objective reality,’ is given from the viewpoint of Kant’s empirical realism, and all this is the ultimate result of his transcendental idealism.

칸트의 『시령자의 꿈』에서 ‘상상의 초점’ (focus imaginarius)

홍우람(Wooram Hong) 한국철학회 2016 철학 Vol.0 No.128

많은 학자들이 지적하듯이, 『순수이성비판』 변증론 부록에 등장하는 ‘상상의 초점’(focus imaginarius) 개념은 1766년 출판된 전(前) 비판기 저작 『시령자의 꿈』에 등장하는 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념과 연관되어 있다. 그런데 대부분의 학자들은 두 저작에서 칸트가 동일한 용어를 통해 광학적 유비를 사용하고 있다는 표면적 유사성만을 간략히 지적하는 것으로 그친다. 그러나 『시령자의 꿈』에 등장하는 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념을 세세히 분석해 보면, 유사성보다는 오히려 차이가 두드러진다. 무엇보다 두 저작에서 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념이 도입된 목적이 다르다. 『순수이성비판』에서 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념이 초월적 이념의 규제적 역할에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 도입된 데에 반해서, 『시령자의 꿈』에서 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념은 주관적으로 만들어낸 표상과 객관적으로 주어진 표상을 구별하는 생리적 기능을 설명하기 위해 도입된다. 이런 차이로 인해 『시령자의 꿈』에서 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념은 『순수이성비판』과 달리 초월적 이념의 세 가지 근본적 특성, 즉 가상성, 초험성, 불가피성을 제대로 반영하지 못한다. 이를 보이기 위해 우리는『시령자의 꿈』에서 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념이 사용되는 세 가지 경우를 구별하고 각각의 경우에서 『순수이성비판』의 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념과 어떻게 유사하고 어떻게 다른지 살펴볼 것이다. 이를 통해 우리는 두 저작에서 사용된 ‘상상의 초점’ 개념의 연관성을 구체적으로 밝혀낼 것이다. Many commentators have noticed that Kant did not first use the notion of focus imaginarius in the Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, but in his pre-critique work, Dreams of a Spirit-Seer, published anonymously in 1766. However, most of them seem to be satisfied with pointing out merely that the notion of focus imaginarius is similarly used in both works according to Kant’s optical analogy. Now, on the contrary, a close reading shows that the notion of focus imaginarius in the Dreams has a meaning different from that in the first Critique. Most of all, the notion of focus imaginarius is introduced for the different purposes in the two works; it is introduced in the first Critique to illuminate the regulative use of the transcendental ideas, whereas it is introduced in the Dreams to illustrate the physiological function according to which representations imagined by subjects are distinguished from representations given by external objects. For this reason, furthermore, the notion of focus imaginarius in the Dreams does not reflect three fundamental characteristics of transcendental ideas, i.e, illusiveness, transcendence, and inevitability. In order to show this, we will distinguish three cases where the notion of focus imaginarius is used in the Dreams, and examine each case with regard to in what respect the notion is different from, and similar to, the same notion in the first Critique. As a result, we will try to reveal in detail the influence of the notion of focus imaginarius in the Dreams to the first Critique.

Syringaresinol derived from Panax ginseng berry attenuates oxidative stress-induced skin aging via autophagy

Wooram Choi,Hyun Soo Kim,Sang Hee Park,Donghyun Kim,Yong Deog Hong,Ji Hye Kim,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.4

Background: In aged skin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces degradation of the extracellular matrix(ECM), leading to visible aging signs. Collagens in the ECM are cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs). Syringaresinol (SYR), isolated from Panax ginseng berry, has various physiological activities,including anti-inflammatory action. However, the anti-aging effects of SYR via antioxidant and autophagyregulation have not been elucidated. Methods: The preventive effect of SYR on skin aging was investigated in human HaCaT keratinocytes inthe presence of H2O2, and the keratinocyte cells were treated with SYR (0e200 mg/mL). mRNA andprotein levels of MMP-2 and -9 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Radical scavenging activity was researched by 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. LC3B level was assessed by Western blotting andconfocal microscopy. Results: SYR significantly reduced gene expression and protein levels of MMP-9 and -2 in both H2O2-treated and untreated HaCaT cells. SYR did not show cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. SYR exhibited DPPH andABTS radical scavenging activities with an EC50 value of 10.77 and 10.35 mg/mL, respectively. SYR elevatedtotal levels of endogenous and exogenous LC3B in H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, counteracted the inhibitory effect of SYR on MMP-2 expression. Conclusion: SYR showed antioxidant activity and up-regulated autophagy activity in H2O2-stimulatedHaCaT cells, lowering the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 associated with skin aging. Our resultssuggest that SYR has potential value as a cosmetic additive for prevention of skin aging.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Gelsolin and Nuclear Factor in Colorectal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma Associated with Tumorigenesis

Wooram Kim(김우람),Yoon Dae Han,Young Ki Hong,Yoon Jung Choi,Jung Gu Kang 대한종양외과학회 2013 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.3

Preparation of Mesoporous CuCe-Based Ternary Metal Oxide by Nano-Replication and Its Application to Decomposition of Liquid Monopropellant

Hong, Sunghoon,Heo, Sujeong,Li, Chengbin,Jeon, Bo Kyeong,Kim, Ji Man,Jo, Young Min,Kim, Wooram,Jeon, Jong-Ki American Scientific Publishers 2018 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.18 No.2

<P>Mesoporous CuCe-based ternary metal oxides were synthesized using KIT-6 as a hard template through a nano-casting method. The mesoporous CuCe-based metal oxides were applied to the catalytic decomposition of the ammonium dinitramide-based liquid monopropellant. The decomposition onset temperature over the meso-CuCe ternary metal oxides was much lower than that over the CuCeOx catalyst prepared by conventional precipitation method. Higher activity of the meso-CuCe ternary metal oxides is attributed to higher surface area and larger pore size of the meso-CuCe ternary metal oxides than those of the conventional CuCe oxide. The highest activity of meso-CuCeZr catalyst among the meso-CuCe ternary metal oxide catalysts is likely due to the highest mesoporosity.</P>

Visible light-induced apoptosis activatable nanoparticles of photosensitizer-DEVD-anticancer drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy

Um, Wooram,Park, Jooho,Ko, Hokyung,Lim, Seungho,Yoon, Hong Yeol,Shim, Man Kyu,Lee, Sangmin,Ko, Young Ji,Kim, Min Ju,Park, Jae Hyung,Lim, Dong-Kwon,Byun, Youngro,Kwon, Ick Chan,Kim, Kwangmeyung Elsevier 2019 Biomaterials Vol.224 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment is attributed to the conversion of tumor oxygen into reactive singlet oxygen (<SUP>1</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB>) using photosensitizers. However, poor tissue penetration and rapid oxygen depletion have limited the effectiveness of PDT. Therefore, we have developed visible light-induced apoptosis activatable nanoparticles of the photosensitizer (Ce6)-caspase 3 cleavable peptide (<I>Asp-Glu-Val-Asp</I>, DEVD)-anticancer drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) conjugate, resulting in Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles. The average size of self-assembled Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles was 90.8 ± 18.9 nm. Compared with conventional PDT based on high-energy irradiation, the new therapy uses lower-energy irradiation to induce apoptosis of cancer cells, and activation of caspase 3 to successfully cleave the anticancer drug MMAE from the Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles, resulting in strong cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. Notably, the one-time activation of MMAE in the Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles further amplified the cytotoxic effect resulting in additional cell death in the absence of visible light irradiation. Furthermore, Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles passively accumulated in the targeted tumor tissues <I>via</I> enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect in mice with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC7). The high levels of toxicity were retained after exposure to lower-energy irradiation. However, Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles did not show any toxicity in the absence of exposure to visible light irradiation, in contrast to the toxicity of free MMAE (1–10 nM). Thus, the light-induced therapeutic strategy based on apoptotic activation of Ce6-DEVD-MMAE nanoparticles can be used to treat solid tumors inaccessible to conventional PDT.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synthetic matrix containing glucocorticoid and growth factor for chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells

Park, Keun-Hong,Park, Wooram,Na, Kun Elsevier 2009 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.108 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>With the present study the aim was to assess the efficacy of synthetic matrix as specific drug carriers carrying encapsulation of cells for the differentiation using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylimidazole); p(NiPAAm-co-VI)) matrix itself, synthetic matrix, without drugs was used as the control in order to determine the effects of these materials on differentiation. MSCs obtained from rabbit bone marrow were tested as a potential cell source for tissue regeneration encapsulated in synthetic matrix, in the presence or absence of the growth factor (TGF-β1) and dexamethasone (Dex). The encapsulated with cells and synthetic matrix were transplanted into a nude mouse as an injected form and cultured for up to 8?weeks. The specific gene expression was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The amount of cartilage-associated ECM proteins was examined by Safranin-O staining. These data indicate the potential use of TGF-β1 and Dex for reconstruction of neocartilage formation. We have concluded that synthetic matrix including TGF-β 1 and Dex has useful carrier as containing inducers of chondrogenic differentiation materials in the regeneration of tissue-engineered cartilage <I>in vivo</I>.</P>