http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Effects of Lexical Aspect on the Interlanguage of Ibibio ESL Learners: Later than Sooner
( Willie U. Willie ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2016 비교문화연구 Vol.43 No.-
The main objective of this paper is to test the major prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis on interlanguage narratives collected from 171 Ibibio ESL learners in a classroom setting using sets of picture stories. Aspect Hypothesis predicts that lexical aspectual classes of verbs would determine the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology at the very early stages of L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology. That is, telic verbs would be marked with the past tense-aspect verbal morphology before atelic verbs in the interlanguage of ESL learners irrespective of their L1 background. The results of our data analyses show a significant effect from the lexical aspect on the acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology with chi-square statistics of (x2=196.92,df = 6, n = 1664, p = <.0001). However, the effect of the lexical aspect is shown to be more prominent among Ibibio ESL learners at higher levels of proficiency. This is contrary to the prediction regarding Aspect Hypothesis. The paper concludes that the influence of the lexical aspect on the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology may be universal but the actual point along the developmental pathway when such influence is obtainable is yet to be determined. This calls for more research into the pattern of the L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology.
( Willie U. Willie ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2014 비교문화연구 Vol.36 No.-
This is a cross-sectional study designed to analyze the correlation between the structural and social variables and the pattern of contraction and deletion of the copula verb in the speech of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers in Athens in Georgia, USA using a questionnaire. The results show that the frequency of copula contraction is higher than that of deletion in all factor groups including the age of the speakers where this study found that younger speakers tend to have higher frequency of contraction and deletion of the copula than older speakers. This study analyzes this as a function of the fact that younger speakers of AAVE are conscious of the linguistic and social differences between AAVE speakers and speakers of Standard American English (SAE) and they consciously make choices regarding which norm to use at which contexts to satisfy their communicative and socio-cultural needs. This sort of conscious social behavior is not likely to disappear with age rather it might increase as a correlate of the perceived physical, socio-cultural and psychological distance between AAVE speakers and speakers of other varieties. This study shows that such perceived linguistic, socio-cultural and psychological distance has negative effects on pedagogy and I proffer the remedy.
Vocabularies as Toolkits and Cultural Repertoire of Japanese CEO Succession
Hyosun Kim(김효선),Willie Ocasio,백윤정(토론자) 한국전략경영학회 2006 한국전략경영학회 학술대회발표논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper applies culture as toolkit perspective (Swidler, 1986, 2000) to the study of CEO succession in large Japanese firms. Japanese CEO succession is full of irony. CEO succession happens when performance is good. CEO succession happens when performance is bad. CEOs follows tenure rule, or they retire early. All these things happen without vigilant boards, without active stock market, and without dominant stakeholders. These puzzling practices of CEO succession in Japan, however, have unique names. They are hanamichi (flower way), insekijinin (resigning to take responsibility), ninki (tenure rule), and wakagaeri (rejuvenation). Taking these specialized vocabularies as cultural repertoires for action for Japanese CEOs, we have identified the conditions where performance might have differential effects on CEO succession. We hypothesize that good performance will facilitate CEO succession during the tenure milestone period, especially when CEO is retiring as a chairman, while poor performance will lead to CEO succession in other times. We also examined rejuvenation rhetoric by studying the successor age. We hypothesized that poor performance will lower the successor age, while old age of retiring CEO and the earlier than expected CEO change will increase the successor age. We tested these hypotheses on CEO succession events of top 200 firms during the 1955-1995 period. We found that performance had differential effect for timing of CEO change, and also found interesting dynamics between performance and the age of retiring CEO that affected successor age. Our study illustrates the power of applying culture as toolkit perspective in understanding organizational decision making.
Elimination of phase singularity to achieve superresolution in lossy metamaterials
Lee, Kwangchil,Jung, Youngjean,Padilla, Willie J.,Kim, Kyoungsik The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.12
<P>The presence of absorption losses softens the singular behavior of transmission resonances and leads to a good image in spite of limited effective spatial frequency range. Nonetheless, we found that the phase singularity does not disappear despite the considerably reduced retardation effects by softening the transmission resonances. Because the phase singularity severely deteriorates the ideal image reconstruction, broad transmission bandwidth in spatial frequency domain is not sufficient enough to achieve superresolution in TiO(2) thin film lens. The present work predicts successful elimination of the phase singularity and the achievement of approximately lambda /12.9 superresolution in TiO(2) thin film lens through the phase correction method.</P>
Jovale Vincent V. Tongco,Evelyn B. Rodriguez,Willie P. Abasolo,문성필,Ramon A. Razal 한국생약학회 2016 Natural Product Sciences Vol.22 No.1
The study is a pioneering effort to determine the mineral, nutritional, and phytochemical composition and phenolic content and to determine the free radical scavenging activity of Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr, a native bamboo species (locally known as “bolo”) in the Philippines. Proximate analysis showed that air-dried G. levis leaves contain 15.8% ash, 22.6% crude protein, 1.2% crude fat, 29.3% crude fiber, and 19.7% total sugar. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in both the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, while phytosterols were only detected in the ethanolic extract. Folin- Ciocalteu assay determined the total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to be 85.86 ± 3.71 and 32.32 ± 1.01 mg GAE/100 g dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total phenolic content in quercetin equivalents (QE) was 74.44 ± 3.11 and 29.43 ± 0.85 mg QE/100g dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the different solvent fractions containing varying concentrations of the extract was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethyl acetate and 1-butanol fractions were found to have the highest radical scavenging activity. Mineral analysis via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of the ash of G. levis leaves showed that Si is the major component, followed by K and Mg. These results point to the potential of G. levis leaves as a source of minerals and bioactive compounds with medicinal value.
Strategies to Extend Thrombolytic Time Window for Ischemic Stroke Treatment: An Unmet Clinical Need
Ike dela Peña,Cesar Borlongan,Guofang Shen,Willie Davis 대한뇌졸중학회 2017 Journal of stroke Vol.19 No.1
To date, reperfusion with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. However, when tPA is given beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset, deleterious effects of the drug ensue, especially, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which causes the most significant morbidity and mortality in stroke patients. An important clinical problem at hand is to develop strategies that will enhance the therapeutic time window for tPA therapy and reduce the adverse effects (especially HT) of delayed tPA treatment. We reviewed the pharmacological agents which reduced the risk of HT associated with delayed (beyond 4.5 hours post-stroke) tPA treatment in preclinical studies, which we classified into those that putatively preserve the blood-brain barrier (e.g., minocycline, cilostazol, fasudil, candesartan, and bryostatin) and/or enhance vascularization and protect the cerebrovasculature (e.g., coumarin derivate IMM-H004 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Recently, other new therapeutic modalities (e.g., oxygen transporters) have been reported which improved delayed tPA-associated outcomes by acting through other mechanisms. While the above-mentioned interventions unequivocally reduced delayed tPA-induced HT in stroke models, the long-term efficacy of these drugs are not yet established. Further optimization is required to expedite their future clinical application. The findings from this review indicate the need to explore the most ideal adjunctive interventions that will not only reduce delayed tPA–induced HT, but also preserve neurovascular functions. While waiting for the next breakthrough drug in acute stroke treatment, it is equally important to allocate considerable effort to find approaches to address the limitations of the only FDA-approved stroke therapy.