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Wang, Dong Hwan,Choi, Dae-Geun,Park, O Ok,Park, Jong Hyeok Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.23
<P>The bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) active layer, prepared by a spin-coating process, has been extensively investigated for its large donor–acceptor interfacial contact area, which can result in increased photo-current density. It is known that a concentration graded structure would enhance not only the charge generation but also charge transport, but, it is very difficult to exhibit such structure in BHJ system. The reason is that the morphology of the BHJ originates from self organization during the thermal annealing step. In this paper, polymer based photovoltaic (PV) devices with concentration graded bilayers have been successfully fabricated for the first time by solution process with various composition controlled poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acidmethyl ester (PCBM) mixtures. The concentration profiles have been confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy. The optimized bilayer devices with uniform morphology show enhanced photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency when compared to those exhibited by BHJ based PV devices.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>In this paper, polymer based photovoltaic devices with concentration graded bilayers have been successfully fabricated for the first time by a solution process with various composition controlled P3HT and PCBM mixtures. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b926105b'> </P>
Sequential Processing: Control of Nanomorphology in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Wang, Dong Hwan,Moon, Ji Sun,Seifter, Jason,Jo, Jang,Park, Jong Hyeok,Park, O Ok,Heeger, Alan J. American Chemical Society 2011 Nano letters Vol.11 No.8
<P>Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices based on poly[<I>N</I>-9′′-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-<I>alt</I>-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT)/[6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>70</SUB> butyric acid methyl ester (PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM) can be successfully fabricated by a sequential solution deposition process. When the top layer is deposited from an appropriate cosolvent, the PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM penetrates a predeposited bottom layer of PCDTBT during the spin-casting process, resulting in an interdiffused structure with a layer-evolved bulk heterojunction (LE-BHJ) nanomorphology. The PCDTBT:PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM LE-BHJ solar cells prepared with an optimized cosolvent ratio have comparable power conversion efficiency to the conventional BHJ solar cells. The nanomorphology of the optimized PCDTBT:PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM LE-BHJ mixture was found to have better vertical connectivity than the conventional BHJ material.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-8/nl202320r/production/images/medium/nl-2011-02320r_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl202320r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jong Hoon Kim,Jae Young Choi,Dong Hwan Park,Min Gu Park,Jun Young Kim,Minghui Wang,Hee Yeon Cho,Chang Jin Kim,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
In order to investigate novel insect growth regulators (IGRs) from actinomycetes, 363 isolates of actinomycetes were tested for their IGR activities. Among them, Streptomyces sp. AN120537 showed the highest juvenile hormone antagonist (JHAN) activity and significant insecticidal activities against larvae of Aedes albopictus and Plutella xylostella. In addition, the dead larvae showed morphological deformities such as contraction of body segments or pigmentation of all body parts. Through liquid chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation, 7 IGR compounds were identified from the crude hexane extract of AN120537. These results suggested that Streptomyces sp. AN120537 could be useful resources for development of eco-friendly insecticidal agents.
Wang Silu,Park Su Hwan,임제선,Park Yun-Yong,Du Linyong,Lee Jong-Ho 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12
Background: Overexpression of PD-L1 is observed in many types of human cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM) and contributes to tumor immune evasion. In addition, GBM shows highly-activated aerobic glycolysis due to overexpression of phosphofructokinase 1 platelet isoform (PFKP), which the key enzyme in the glycolysis. However, it remains unclear whether the metabolic enzyme PFKP plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and GBM immune evasion. Objective: We aimed to investigate the non-metabolic role of PFKP in PD-L1 expression-induced GBM immune evasion. Methods: The mechanisms of PFKP-induced PD-L1 expression were studied by several experiments, including real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, and ATP production. The coculture experiments using GBM cell and T cells were performed to evaluate the effect of PFKP on T cell activation. The clinical relationship between PFKP and PD-L1 was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in human GBM specimens. Results: We showed that PFKP promotes EGFR activation-induced PD-L1 expression in human GBM cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that EGFR-phosphorylated PFKP Y64 plays an important role in AKT-mediated β-catenin transactivation and subsequent PD-L1 transcriptional expression, thereby enhancing the GBM immune evasion. In addition, based on our findings, the levels of PFKP Y64 phosphorylation are positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in human GBM specimens, highlighting the clinical significance of PFKP Y64 phosphorylation in the GBM immune evasion. Conclusion: These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of PD-L1 expression by a non-metabolic function of PFKP on tumor cells.
Wang, Dong Hwan,Kim, Jung Kyu,Park, O Ok,Park, Jong Hyeok Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Energy & environmental science Vol.4 No.4
<P>The active layer of photovoltaic devices with a donor–acceptor polymer-based bilayer or bulk heterojunction (BHJ) can be easily degraded by oxygen, water content, and aging at high temperature. This type of negative effect has hindered the commercialization of organic solar cells. This paper reports on a study of the degradation behavior of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bilayer or BHJ. A combination of morphological and surface element analysis was investigated to identify the effects of oxygen and aging temperature on device degradation</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A combination of morphological and surface element analysis was investigated to identify the effects of oxygen and aging temperature on device degradation. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0ee00643b'> </P>