Comparison of Mechanical Behavior of Biaxial, Unidirectional and Standard Woven Fabric Reinforced Composites

Usman Ahmed,Asra Tariq,Yasir Nawab,Khubab Shaker,Zubair Khaliq,Muhammad Umair 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

The conventional woven fabrics (plain, twill, satin, etc.) have yarn undulations, that may lead to the fibre breakageand loss of mechanical strength. This problem was resolved using unidirectional woven structures having straight yarns, butthey provide strength in one direction only. A possible solution is the use of biaxial fabric having yarns at ±45 o asreinforcement, but its fabrication cost is too high. The current study focussed on the development of a composite materialusing conventional fabrics having comparable properties with biaxial fabric composites. Three different reinforcements(plain, twill and unidirectional) were prepared using glass fibre. For composite fabrication, plies were cut, stacked at ±45 oand infused with unsaturated polyester resin to produce a composite equivalent to the biaxial composite. Similarly, thestitched composites were also fabricated by stitching the similar stack (using chain stitch class 101) before impregnating withresin. Laminated composites from biaxial fabric (both stitched and unstitched) were also produced for comparison. All thesecomposites were characterised for tensile and impact properties. The tensile strength of stitched unidirectional compositeswas higher as compared to the other woven and biaxial structures. Similarly, the impact strength was also higher for stitchedunidirectional composite. Hence, the ±45 o stacked unidirectional composite may be used as a potential replacement of biaxialcomposite.

Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Impact on Survival Outcome

Elsamany, Shereef Ahmed,Al-Fayea, Turki M,Alzahrani, Abdullah Said,Abozeed, Waleed Nabeel,Darwish, Waseem,Farooq, Mian Usman,Almadani, Ahmed Salahuddin,Bukhari, Esraa Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: The prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in lung cancer has been assessed but with inconsistent results. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of TTF1 expression in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with stage IIIB-IV non-squamous NSCLC were enrolled. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed according to TTF1 expression status, age categories (${\leq}60$ vs >60 years), gender, performance status (PS) (0-2 vs 3-4), type of 1st line chemotherapy (pemetrexed containing vs others) and EGFR status. Results: A total of 120 patients were included. In univariate analysis, PFS was improved in patients with PS 0-2 (7.0 vs 2.0 months, p=0.002) and those who received pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy (9.2 vs 5.8 months, p=0.004). OS was improved in female patients (23.0 vs 8.7 months, p<0.0001), PS 0-2 (14.4 vs 2.0 months, p<0.0001), those with pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy (17.0 vs 11.0 months, p=0.019), TTF1-positive (12.8 vs 5.8 months, p=0.011) and EGFR- mutant patients (23.0 vs 11.7 months, p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, male gender (HR=2.34, p=0.025) and non-pemetrexed containing therapy (HR=2.24, p=0.022) were independent predictors of worse PFS. Wild EGFR status (HR=2.49, p=0.015) and male gender (HR=2.78, p=0.008) were predictors of worse OS. Conclusions: Pemetrexed-containing therapy significantly improved PFS while OS was improved in EGFR mutant patients. Female patients had better PFS and OS. TTF1 expression was not a prognostic marker in advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

캠퍼스 보안을위한 IoT 및 무선 센서 네트워크 모니터링

Ahmed Mateen,Qingsheng Zhu,Salman Afsar,Muhammad Usman 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2018 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.6

스마트 캠퍼스의 플랫폼으로 사물 인터넷에 대한 아이디어가 점점 대중화되고 있다. 인터넷에 연결하기 위해 통신네트워크, 센서 노드 및 게이트웨이로 구성된 인프라가 필요하며 각 센서 노드는 환경에서 데이터를 수집할 수 있다. 본 논문은 스마트 캠퍼스 모니터링을 적용하기 위해 인터넷에 구성한 무선 센서 네트워크를 설명한다. 무선 센서 네트워크 모니터링은 저전력 구현 및 통합 시스템을 사용하는 완벽한 솔루션이다. 그러나 제한된 컴퓨팅 범위, 제한된 컴퓨팅 성능, 네트워크프로토콜의 가용성 부족, 프로그래밍 보안 부족 및 기밀성, 무결성 및 가용성 분야의 보안 오류로 인해 수많은 제약이 있다. WSNM 노드를 위한 새로운 보안 기술과 기능이 개발되었다. 보안 네트워크 연구 개발 및 서비스 거부 (DOS) 및 복잡성공격 방지를 위한 시스템을 제안하였다. 이러한 시스템이 제대로 구현되면 사전 할당을 통한 에너지 효율성 메커니즘과 안전한 루틴 알고리즘을 통해 핵심 관리 모델의 새로운 키를 제공 할 수 있다. The idea of the Internet of Things as a platform on the Smart Campus has become increasingly popular. It requires an infrastructure consisting of communication networks, sensor nodes and gateways to connect to the Internet. Each sensor node is responsible for gathering data from the environment. This document outlines a network of wireless sensors on the Internet for the application of Smart Campus monitoring. Wireless sensor network Monitoring have become a complete solution to using a low power implementation and integrated systems. The numerous restrictions however result from the low communication range, the limited computing power, the lack of availability of the network protocol, the lack of programming security and the security failures in the areas of confidentiality, integrity and availability. A new security technique and its functionality for WSNM nodes developed. Development in the research of a secure network and suggestions for avoiding denial of service (DOS) and complexity attacks. These systems if properly implemented can provide an energy efficiency mechanism through pre-allocation and a new key from key management models with a secure routine algorithm.

Evaluation of the Causes of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Penile Doppler Ultrasonography in Pakistan

Usman Khanzada,Sohail Ahmed Khan,Munawar Hussain,Hatem Adel,Kamran Masood,Syed Omair Adil,Murli Manohar 대한남성과학회 2017 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.35 No.1

Purpose: In patients with erectile dysfunction, it is important to differentiate psychogenic from organic causes. Penile Doppler ultrasonography is a relatively inexpensive and minimally invasive tool for this purpose. This study was conducted to evaluate the causes of erectile dysfunction in an adult male population, using penile Doppler ultrasonography.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a single center. All patients who presented with complaints of erectile dysfunction and underwent penile Doppler ultrasonography between July 2014 and June 2016 were included in this study. All examinations were performed using GE Voluson S6 and GE Logiq P5 devices. Following baseline scans, an intracavernosal injection of 20 μg of prostaglandin E1 was given. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were measured in each cavernosal artery. Patients with a peak systolic velocity of <25 cm/s were considered to have arterial insufficiency, while an end diastolic velocity of >5 cm/s was considered to indicate venous incompetence.Results: Out of 97 patients (mean age, 37.09±11.59 years; range, 19∼69 years), 50 patients (51.5%) had normal findings, 24 patients (24.7%) had arterial insufficiency, 15 patients (15.5%) had a venous leak, and 8 patients (8.2%) patients had arterial insufficiency with a venous leak. Psychogenic erectile dysfunction was significantly higher among patients aged ≤40 years, while arterial insufficiency with or without a venous leak was significantly higher among patients aged >40 years (p=0.022).Conclusions: A majority of the studied individuals demonstrated no organic cause of erectile dysfunction, thus confirming a high prevalence of the psychogenic etiology, particularly in relatively young individuals.

Role of iron deficiency anemia in the propagation of beta thalssemia gene

Muhammad Usman,Moinuddin Moinuddin,Syed Azhar Ahmed 대한혈액학회 2011 Blood Research Vol.46 No.1

Background :The diagnostic criterion for beta thalassemia trait (BTT) is elevated Hb-A2 levels. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) reduces the synthesis of Hb-A2, resulting in reduced Hb-A2 levels, so patients with co-pathological conditions BTT with IDA, may have a normal level of Hb-A2. Many socio-economic factors like unawareness, poor diagnostic facilities, and cost of molecular diagnosis (for screening purposes) result in interpretation of these subjects as normal. Methods :Venous blood samples from 200 unmarried females having a family history of thalassemia were collected, and basic hematological parameters, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and molecular analysis for beta thalassemia were done. Patients with IDA and patients with co-pathological conditions BTT and IDA were treated with oral iron. These subjects were then followed for a period of 20 weeks. Results :Of the 200 females, 34 were found to be anemic. Hemoglobin electrophoresis identified 16 of these patients as BTT. Molecular analysis of all patients confirmed this diagnosis, but identified 8 additional patients with BTT. Eight patients that were not detected with hemoglobin electrophoresis were found to have co-pathology of BTT with IDA. Conclusion :Patients with the co-pathological condition BTT with IDA may be interpreted as being normal, as they have normal Hb-A2 levels. These misdiagnosed subjects when marry with BTT have the potential to produce beta thalassemia major in offspring. This is one of the factors playing a major role in the propagation of beta thalassemia gene in Pakistani population, and become a serious hindrance for the thalassemia prevention program in Pakistan.

Facture of the Pars Interarticularis with or without Spondylolisthesis in an Adult Population in a Developing Country: Evaluation by Multidetector Computed Tomography

Sohail Ahmed Khan,Amjad Sattar,Usman Khanzada,Hatem Adel,Syed Omair Adil,Munawar Hussain 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain as evaluated by multidetector computed tomography. Overview of Literature: There is a significant paucity of information related to the prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and its degenerative changes in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain in developing countries. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans performed between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2015 for various clinical indications. Patients with lower back pain, with a history of trauma or road traffic accident, or referred from orthopedic or neurosurgery departments were excluded to avoid any bias. CT scans were reviewed in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using bone window settings for evaluating spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Results: Of 4,348 patients recruited, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis were identified in 266 (6.1%) and 142 (3.3%) patients, respectively. Age was significantly higher in both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis patients than in those without spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis (47.19±15.45 vs. 42.5±15.96, p <0.001 and 53.01±15.31 vs. 42.44±15.88, p <0.001, respectively). Gender was significantly associated with spondylolisthesis (p =0.029) but not spondylolysis. Of patients who were >60 years old, both spondylolysis (p =0.018) and spondylolisthesis (p =0.025) were significantly more prevalent in females. Conclusions: The prevalence of pars interarticularis fracture observed higher with gradual increase in the prevalence with advancing age. In particular, preponderance was significantly higher among older females.

Numerical Modelling of Flow Characteristics in an Asymmetric Trapezoidal Compound Channel with Vegetation Patches

Muhammad Asif,Usman Ghani,Ghufran Ahmed Pasha 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.12

Vegetation is an important component of rivers, present naturally alongside the banks. In this research study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT was used to solve the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and to simulate flow features in an asymmetric vegetated compound channel. Three-dimensional flow characteristicsand turbulence properties were captured well by the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). A total of five flow cases were considered in this work. Among these, four cases were of circular vegetation patches present on the floodplain edge and one was of non-vegetated asymmetric trapezoidal compound channel. Impact of vegetation patch density, patch center to center (c/c) spacing and flow blockage area has been investigated on various flow features and compared with flow characteristics in a channel without vegetation. Flow features include mean and depth-averaged velocities, secondary flows, Reynolds shear and normal stresses, turbulence intensities and turbulent kinetic energy. The results show that the presence of vegetation patches along the floodplain imparted flow resistance which shifted the zone of higher velocities towards outer wall of main channel and floodplain. Increased velocities in the main channel up to 24.8% was observed for larger flow blockage (aD, where a is the density of the vegetation patch and D is the diameter of patch) and smaller normalized c/c spacing (L/D, where L is the c/c spacing between two patches and D is the diameter of patch) of patches. Large transverse shear stresses existed around the vegetated zone due to the gradient of velocities and vortices in the main channel and floodplain. Floodplain, especially vegetated zone acquires less Reynolds stresses and turbulence making it favorable for deposition of sediments and growth of ecological species.

Effects of conocarpus biochar on hydraulic properties of calcareous sandy soil: influence of particle size and application depth

Ibrahim, Alaa,Usman, Adel Rabie Ahmed,Al-Wabel, Mohammad Ibrahim,Nadeem, Mahmoud,Ok, Yong Sik,Al-Omran, Abdulrasoul Taylor Francis 2017 Archiv für Acker- und Pflanzenbau und Bodenku Vol.63 No.2

Optimality of Linear MIMO Detection for 5G Systems via 1-Opt Local Search

Khurshid Kiran,Khan Adnan Ahmed,Siddiqui Muhammad Haroon,Hadi M. Usman,Rashid Imran,Imran Muhammad 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.2

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) symbol detection problem belongs to non-deterministic polynomial acceptable hard combinatorial optimization (CO) class. One of the key trials in design of MIMO scheme is to develop a low complexity detection algorithm without much compromise in performance. Detection approaches proposed in the literature can be split into non-linear and linear algorithms. Vertical Bell-Labs Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) and Sphere Decoder (SD) are non-linear methods used for extracting transmitted data; whereas, Zero-Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detections are comparatively in complex and eff ectual linear techniques. In this work, the heuristic 1-Opt local search method used for solving computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems is applied to the ZF and MMSE detection algorithms. First, simple MIMO decoding using ZF and MMSE is accomplished to fi nd the estimated symbol then the transmitted symbol is calculated using the heuristic 1-opt approach by means of the estimated symbol. Simulation results demonstrate that 1-opt search when applied to the ZF and MMSE displays better bit error rate (BER) performance than the simple ZF and MMSE detectors. It is also verifi ed through simulations that the proposed 1-Opt based detectors display better BER performance as compared to the complex nonlinear VBLAST and SD at considerably reduced complexity. Hence, the proposed detectors are appropriate for eff ective hardware implementations.

Chemical Composition of Leaves, Stem bark and Fruit Essential Oil from Premna foetida Linn

Isaac John UMARU,Maryam Usman AHMED,Bilyaminu HABIBU,Yohanna Roy EMOCHONE 한국식품보건융합학회 2021 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.7 No.6

Premna foetida is a woody plant with short and twisted trunk. P. foetida is a scandent, erect shrub or small tree, thorny on the trunk and large branches. Leaves are opposite or whorled and entire or serrate. Premna foetida is a wild plant locally known as “Daun Sebuas”. P. foetida is used for it nutritive and as traditional treatment. The fruit and leaves of P. foetida are prepared for salad. The study aimed at the hydrodistillation and antioxidant activity of leaves, stem-bark and fruits essential oil from Premna foetida Linn, they were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Ninety eight compounds representing 81.68±0.02, 37.31±0.05and 93.45±0.03 of the isolates of leaves, stem-bark and fruits respectively were identified, the most abundant were α –Duprezianene (77.27±0.03, leaves, α-Gurjunene (36.06 ±0.05) fruits and Hinesol acetate (77.19±0.03) stem-bark. Components among which sesquiterpenoids dominated. The total volatiles were assayed for antioxidant potentials using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total volatiles showed strong activity with IC50 of 11.74±0.82µg/ml, 9.63±0.34 µg/ml and 49.73±1.12 µg/ml for leaves fruits and stem-bark respectively.