Hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted alkaline pretreatment as a new approach for sugarcane bagasse biorefineries

Terá,n Hilares, Ruly,dos Santos, Jú,lio Cé,sar,Ahmed, Muhammad Ajaz,Jeon, Seok Hwan,da Silva, Silvio Silvé,rio,Han, Jong-In Elsevier 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.214 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was employed in order to improve the efficiency of alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize pretreatment parameters: NaOH concentration (0.1–0.5M), solid/liquid ratio (S/L, 3–10%) and HC time (15–45min), in terms of glucan content, lignin removal and enzymatic digestibility. Under an optimal HC condition (0.48M of NaOH, 4.27% of S/L ratio and 44.48min), 52.1% of glucan content, 60.4% of lignin removal and 97.2% of enzymatic digestibility were achieved. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated SCB resulted in a yield 82% and 30% higher than the untreated and alkaline-treated controls, respectively. HC was found to be a potent and promising approach to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was combined with an alkaline pretreatment. </LI> <LI> HC-assisted pretreatment was statistically optimized and experimentally verified. </LI> <LI> High enzymatic digestibility of 97.2% was achieved. </LI> <LI> The HC increased enzymatic digestibility by 30%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Context_Process_Participation Participation as Production of Awareness, Knowledge and Creating Commons

Apolonija ?U?TER?I? 서울대학교 환경대학원 2020 環境論叢 Vol.66 No.-

Participation has been widely discussed, used, and even abused, not only in the art context, but in the wider interdisciplinary field of spatial practice in relation to urban issues. It became a legitimation for performing democracy especially for official urban development projects. Regardless of the good intentions of participatory processes, we do need to examine the subject critically and not just taken it for granted. In the following text I’m discussing participation as a process situated within a specific context that is producing an awareness, knowledge and creating commons. The arguments are based on tree selected projects part of my artistic research practice which is situated in-between architecture and design, sociology and urban studies. I wish to clarify from the very beginning that the presented research text does not have the ambition of becoming an art history or sociology research, or for that matter, any other empirical studies research. Hopefully, it can contribute to all of them from its own artistic position. This is clearly an art research based on the case study such as Hustadt Project (Germany), Master Plan for Duamdong (South Korea) and Neighbors and Citizens (Sweden); art projects produced for an urban / suburban situation.

Odraz ľudovej piesne v ponáškach Janka Kráľa

Terézia Kulíková 한국슬라브어학회 2023 슬라브어연구 Vol.28 No.1

Slovak folklore played an important role in the Slovak national revival movement in the 19th century. Incorporating the elements of folk songs in poetry meant simplifying the language, substituting classical verses for syllabic ones, thus proceeding to a new romantic era. The authors were able to introduce and disseminate revolutionary ideas to common people in a comprehensible way. That is how "ponáška" – a syncretic genre of poems resembling to folk songs – was created. The aim of this paper is to analyse the similarities and differences of Slovak folk songs and “ponášky" to describe this syncretic genre more closely. Initially, basic features of Slovak folk songs – parallelism, natural imagery, typical repetitive motifs, importance of form – are presented. These are then identified in the interpretations of poems "Žíznim, mám studničku", "Krajinská pieseň" and "Verše" by a major author of the syncretic genre: Janko Kráľ. The analysed texts resemble authentic folk songs both in form and meaning. The author uses isosyllabic verses to fit folk song melodies; incorporates traditional natural and social motifs; and most of all, applies the parallelism at all levels (form, content, and composition). On the other hand, the unique author's contribution in distinguishing ponáška from folk song is manifested in various means. He reflects the historical and social context in strong agitating images of "Krajinská pieseň"; or uses the theme of un-freedom, which is atypical for folklore. However, the crucial difference is a result of a perceptible and heartfelt dive into the lyrical subject, who experiences feelings typical of a romantic hero, such as loneliness, misunderstanding, even conflict.

Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Foams from Sucrose: Promising Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Natalia Terán Acuña,Viviana Güiza-Argüello,Elcy Córdoba-Tuta 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.10

Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams have shown favorable biocompatibility and the potential to support osteoblastic adhesion. In this work, RVC foams were fabricated via template route, using a low-cost sucrose-based resin. The effect of several process parameters, such as template porosity (cell size between 500 and 1400 μm) and carbonization conditions, were studied. The resulting RVC foams displayed highly interconnected porosity (˃ 85%) with controllable cell size, bone-like morphology, and compressive strength of 0.06-0.26 MPa. The results suggested that the decrease in the cell size of the sacrificial sponge, the increase in the thickness of the sponge cell ligaments, and the carbonization temperature of 1500 °C, contributed to the enhancement of the mechanical response of the fabricated scaffolds. Finally, cytotoxicity and cell adhesion assays were carried out using normal human osteoblasts as a preliminary assessment of the cytocompatibility of the synthesized RVC foams. Although the mechanical strength of these foams could still be improved, these results contribute towards the development of low-cost bioactive scaffolds that resemble the morphological properties of the trabecular bone.

Energy-based damage index for steel structures

E. Bojórquez,A. Terán-Gilmore,S.E. Ruiz,A. Reyes-Salazar 국제구조공학회 2010 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.10 No.4

Ample research effort has been oriented into developing damage indices with the aim of estimating in a reasonable manner the consequences, in terms of structural damage and deterioration, of severe plastic cycling. Although several studies have been devoted to calibrate damage indices for steel and reinforced concrete members; currently, there is a challenge to study and calibrate the use of such indices for the practical evaluation of complex structures. The aim of this paper is to introduce an energy-based damage index for multi-degree-offreedom steel buildings that accounts explicitly for the effects of cumulative plastic deformation demands. The model has been developed by complementing the results obtained from experimental testing of steel members with those derived from analytical studies regarding the distribution of plastic demands on several steel frames designed according to the Mexico City Building Code. It is concluded that the approach discussed herein is a promising tool for practical structural evaluation of framed structures subjected to large energy demands.

Cryohemolysis, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and supplementary hematimetric indices in the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis

Ledesma Achem Miryam Emilse,Haro Cecilia,Terán Magdalena María,Mónaco María Eugenia,Issé Blanca Alicia,Sandra Stella Lazarte 대한혈액학회 2018 Blood Research Vol.53 No.1

Background Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a chronic hemolytic anemia characterized by microspherocytes in the peripheral blood and increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF). This study evaluated the cryohemolysis test (CHT); initial hemolysis (IH); immediate and incubated hemolysis percentage in 5.5 g/L NaCl (H5.5); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); red blood cell distribution width (RDW); and Hb/MCHC, Hb/RDW, and MCHC/RDW ratios for the diagnosis of HS. Methods Data from 13 patients with HS were evaluated at the Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada and compared with data from 14 unaffected individuals and 11 patients with anemia due to another etiology. Total blood and reticulocyte counts, CHT, and immediate and incubated EOF were performed in all subjects; sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and Youden index (YI) were calculated. Results Eight patients with HS had MCHC ≥345 g/L, 10 had RDW ≥14.5%, 12 had IH >5.0 g/L, 11 had immediate H5.5 ≥5%, and 13 had incubated H5.5 ≥50% (the cut-off value to consider HS). The efficiency and YI were: immediate H5.5 (0.94‒0.85), incubated H5.5 (0.89‒0.82), IH (0.89‒0.78), MCHC (0.87‒0.62), CHT (0.84‒0.54), and Hb/MCHC (0.71‒ 0.56), respectively. The calculated ratios could distinguish subjects with HS from unaffected individuals (P<0.05), but not those with anemia of another etiology (P>0.05). Conclusion Although the CHT and supplementary hematimetric indexes were useful to differentiate individuals with SH from healthy controls, they cannot distinguish from anemias of other etiology. CHT and MCHC, in addition to EOF, are recommended for diagnosing HS patients because of their low cost and efficiency.

Prediction of hysteretic energy demands in steel frames using vector-valued IMs

Edén Bojórquez,Laura Astorga,Alfredo Reyes-Salazar,Amador Terán-Gilmore,Juan Velázquez-Dimas,Juan Bojórquez,Luz Rivera 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.19 No.3

It is well known the importance of considering hysteretic energy demands for the seismic assessment and design of structures. In such a way that it is necessary to establish new parameters of the earthquake ground motion potential able to predict energy demands in structures. In this paper, several alternative vector-valued ground motion intensity measures (IMs) are used to estimate hysteretic energy demands in steel framed buildings under long duration narrow-band ground motions. The vectors are based on the spectral acceleration at first mode of the structure Sa(T1) as first component. As the second component, IMs related to peak, integral and spectral shape parameters are selected. The aim of the study is to provide new parameters or vector-valued ground motion intensities with the capacity of predicting energy demands in structures. It is concluded that spectral-shape-based vector-valued IMs. have the best relation with hysteretic energy demands in steel frames subjected to narrow-band earthquake ground motions.

Eco-friendly Extraction of Fibrils with Hierarchical Structure Assisted by Freeze-Drying Using Agave Salmiana Leaves as a Raw Material

L. Chávez-Guerrero,M. Esneider,J. Bonilla,A. Toxqui-Terán 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.1

Agave fibers were extracted mechanically without the use of solvents or water, through a lyophilization-assistedmethod. Then, the internal arrangement of the fibrils was studied in order to elaborate a hierarchical growing model, usingthis information to explain the outstanding properties of these natural fibers. We found that the lyophilized fibers have aninitial modulus of 36.7 g/den, a breaking tenacity of 1.45 g/den and an elongation of 17 %, while the fibers washed with waterafter extraction presented a similar value of initial modulus (31.1 g/den), but the breaking tenacity (2.59 g/den), and theelongation (34 %) increased nearly two times, showing the embrittling effect of the freeze-drying on the fibers behavior.

Subclavian-Brachial Bypass for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Associated with an Old Motorcycle Accident

Jose I. Martínez-Quesada,Javier E. Anaya-Ayala,Santiago Mier y Terán-Ellis,Montserrat Miranda-Ramírez,Luis H. Arzola,Christopher Ruben-Castillo,Juan C. Aramburo,Jesus M. de los Ríos,Carlos A. Hinojosa 대한혈관외과학회 2022 Vascular Specialist International Vol.38 No.2

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia is rarely associated with previous traumatic injury. We present a case of a 28-year-old male with progressive digit ulcers, a weak pulse, cyanosis, and a cold limb. Eight months prior, he had a motorcycle accident resulting in a right clavicle fracture and brachial plexus injury. Computed tomography angiography revealed occlusion of the right subclavian artery near a surgically implanted reduction plate. The patient underwent an open subclavianbrachial bypass with a reversed saphenous vein graft. His postoperative recovery was uneventful. After 3 months, he had a euthermic right hand with a palpable pulse and his ulcers had completely healed. This case reinforces the need for patients with a neurological deficit in the upper extremity caused by blunt trauma to undergo thorough vascular examination to identify potential arterial injury and compromised perfusion.

Effects of Optical Properties of Smoke Particles on Fire Detection Characteristics predicted by a Fire Dynamic Simulator Model

Ter-Ki Hong(Ter-Ki Hong),Seul-Hyun Park(Seul-Hyun Park) 한국화재소방학회 2022 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.36 No.4

This study examined the smoke detection time prediction performance of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) in relation to the optical properties of smoke particles. Specifically, this work explored how smoke detection times are affected by the mass-specific light extinction coefficient, an input value needed to predict FDS smoke detection times. Therefore, a smoke generator and a smoke detection sensor that employs the light extinction principle were installed in a fire compartment, with the mass-specific light extinction coefficients of the smoke particles generated by the smoke generator measured through Gravimetric Sampling and Light Extinction (GSLE) experiments. FDS fire simulations were performed under the same conditions as the smoke detection experiments to compare the Optical Per Meter (OPM) of t he d etector. The r esults confirmed that t he F DS f ire simulation was consistent with t he smoke d etection experiments when the measured mass-specific light extinction coefficient of the smoke particles was entered as input. In addition, it was found that fluctuations in the mass-specific light extinction coefficient, an optical property of smoke particles, may significantly affect smoke detection times by directly affecting the OPM.