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Liquid eutectic GaIn as an alternative electrode for PTB7:PCBM organic solar cells
Pham, Viet Thanh Hau,Trinh, Thanh Kieu,Truong, Nguyen Tam Nguyen,Park, Chinho Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2017 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.
<P>Conventional vacuum deposition process of aluminum (Al) is costly, time-consuming and difficult to apply to the large-scale production of organic photovoltaic devices (OPV). This paper reports a vacuum-free fabrication process of poly[[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thienophenediyl]:[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7: PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic solar cell with liquid eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) electrode as an alternative to the common Al electrode. The insertion of a thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) layer after depositing organic photoactive layer could help prevent the diffusion of liquid EGaIn into the active layer and allow the deposition of the EGaIn electrode. The PEO interfacial layer was formed by spin-coating from a mixed solvent of alcohol and water. Among different alcohol+water (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and isobutanol) mixed solvent tested, the n-propanol+water mixed solvent showed the greatest enhancement to the performance of OPVs. The improved device performance was attributed to the reactivity of mixed solvent n-propanol+water toward the surface of PTB7: PCBM active layer, which could help optimize surface morphology. (C) 2017 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>
Tam-Thanh Pham,Anh-Tuan Dinh,Hong-Ha Tran,Dang-Khanh Le 대한전자공학회 2019 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.8 No.3
In this paper, we consider a cooperative cognitive radio network with multiple relays under an eavesdropping attack. We first propose a novel relay selection scheme to improve network security and reliability. Then, we derive accurate closed-form expressions of the network outage and intercept probabilities. Finally, several representative simulation results are provided to validate our analyses. We show that network reliability is completely irrelevant to the channels’ statistical characteristics between relays and the eavesdropper, while network security is independent of the channel statistical characteristics for relays to the destination. We also point out that network security is first improved from increasing the number of relays; however, when the number of relays reaches a certain point, the increased network reliability is not proportional to the number of relays any more.
Micropropagation from root segments to improve seedling quality in Chinese foxglove crops
Thanh Loan Pham,Van Huy Nguyen,Thi Le Thu Hoang,Thi Tam Tien Ha,Trung Kien Tran,Xuan Duong Vu,Phi Bang Cao,Quang Trung Nguyen 한국식물생명공학회 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.3
This is the first study to establish a complete protocol for micropropagation of Rehmannia glutinosa from root segments. The study involved investigating the effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting and identifying substrates supporting survival and growth performance of ex vitro seedlings. A Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 g/L sucrose for shoot induction and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 1 g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for shoot multiplication resulted in the highest number of shoots per explant and shoot height. Applying a medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA and 1 g/L PVP yielded optimal rooting of the shoots grown in vitro. Compost enriched with microbial inoculants and perlite enhanced seedling growth better than that with organic biofertilizer-free substrates (soil and sand). We recommend the continuous production of micropropagated R. glutinosa seedlings from root segments under the aforementioned conditions as a possible propagation technique for crops of this species.
Thanh Kieu Trinh,Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong,Viet Thanh Hau Pham,김효은,박진호 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.7
Iron pyrite (FeS2) thin films were fabricated by spin coating the solution of FeS2 nanocrystals of ~40 nm in size on glass substrates, followed by annealing in a sulfur environment at different temperatures. The effect of sulfurization temperature on the morphology, structural, optical and electrical properties was investigated. With increase of the sulfurization temperature, the grain size and crystallinity of the films was improved, although some cracks and voids were observed on the surface of thin films. The band gap of the FeS2 films was decreased at higher sulfurization temperature. The electrical properties were also changed, including the increasing in resistivity and the decrease in Hall mobility, with increase of sulfurization temperature. The change in the optical and electrical properties of the FeS2 thin films was explained based on the changes of phase, morphology, surface, and grain boundary property.
Phuong Dinh Tam,Nguyen Luong Hoang,Hoang Lan,Pham Hung Vuong,Ta Thi Nhat Anh,Tran Quang Huy,Nguyen Thanh Thuy 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.10
In this work, we evaluated the effects of different antibody immobilization strategies on the response of a CeO2-nanowires (NWs)-based immunosensor for V ibrio cholerae O1 detection. Accordingly, the changes in the electron-transfer resistance (Ret) from before to after cells bind to an antibody-modified electrode prepared by using three different methods of antibody immobilization were determined. The values were 16.2%, 8.3%, and 6.65% for the method that utilized protein A, antibodies activated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and absorption, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the change in the current was highest for the immunosensors prepared using protein A (11%), followed by those prepared with EDC/NHS-activated antibodies (9%), and finally, those prepared through absorption (7.5%). The order of the antibody immobilization strategies in terms of resulting immunosensor detection limit and sensitivity was as follows order: absorption (3.2 × 103 CFU/mL; 45.1 /CFU·mL−1) < EDC/NHS-activated antibody (1.0 × 103 CFU/mL; 50.6 /CFU·mL−1) < protein A (1.0 × 102 CFU/mL; 65.8 /CFU·mL−1). Thus, we confirmed that the protein A - mediated method showed significantly high cell binding efficiencies compared to the random immobilization method.
Nguyen, Van Huy,Pham, Thanh Loan,Ha, Thi Tam Tien,Hoang, Thi Le Thu The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.4
In Vietnam, Celastrus hindsii Benth, a medicinal plant rich in secondary metabolites, has been used to alleviate distress caused by ulcers, tumors, and inflammation for generations. The occurrence of two phenotypes, Broad Leaf (BL) and Narrow Leaf (NL), has raised questions about the selection of appropriate varieties for conservation and crop improvement to enhance medicinal properties. This study examined molecular differences in C. hindsii by comparing protein profiles between the NL and BL types using 2D-PAGE and MS. Peptide sequences and proteins were identified by matching MS data against the MSPnr100 databases and verified using the MultiIdent tool on ExPASy and the Blast2GO software. Our results revealed notable variations in protein abundance between the NL and BL proteomes. Selected proteins were confidently identified from 12 protein spots, thereby highlighting the molecular variation between NL and BL proteomes. Upregulated proteins in BL were found to be associated with flavonoid and amino acid biosynthesis as well as nuclease metabolism, which probably attributed to the intraspecific variations. Several bioactive proteins identified in this study can have applications in cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the BL phenotype characterized by healthier external morphological features has higher levels of bioactive compounds and could be better suited for medicinal use.
Determinants Influencing Tax Compliance: The Case of Vietnam
NGUYEN, Thi Thuy Du'o'ng,PHAM, Thi My Linh,LE, Thanh Tam,TRUONG, Thi Hoai Linh,TRAN, Manh Dung Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the key factors affecting tax compliance among Vietnamese firms in Vietnam. We employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research has been carried out through focus group discussions with ten chief accountants and tax officers. Quantitative research has been conducted through interviews with 200 firms (chief accountants or financial directors) in Vietnam. Analysis of the model includes the following stages: (i) Cronbach's test for reliability of the scale, (ii) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (iii) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and (iv) structural equation model (SEM). The results of the research show that voluntary tax compliance is directly affected by the three factors of audit probability, corporate reputation and business ownership. The probability of audit and severity of sanctions have the strongest impact on tax compliance. Therefore, the tax authorities need to strengthen the inspection of tax declarations, tax payments and tax refunds of firms. The paper confirms that enforced tax compliance is directly affected by the three factors of audit probability, sanction severity and social norms. Voluntary compliance and compulsory compliance have an effect on tax compliance, though voluntary compliance has a more powerful impact.