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Hong, S.H.,Lee, S.E.,Jeong, Y.I.,Kim, H.C.,Chong, S.T.,Klein, T.A.,Song, J.W.,Gu, S.H.,Cho, S.H.,Lee, W.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary parasitology Vol.205 No.3
A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti infections in small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea (ROK). The serological prevalence of T. gondii (ELISA) and B. microti (IFAT) was 2.3% (15/667) and 2.1% (14/667), respectively. DNA extracts from small mammal heart tissues were screened by PCR for T. gondii and B. microti targeting regions of the GRA5 gene and the 18S rRNA and β-tubulin genes, respectively. Only 0.17% (1/578) of Apodemus agrarius was positive of T. gondii by PCR, while 0.52% (3/578) was positive of B. microti. All other small mammal species [Micromys minutus (16), Mus musculus (3), Myodes regulus (22), Microtus fortis (6), and Crocidura lasiura (42)] were negative for both T. gondii and B. microti. Based on sequence polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis, T. gondii closely aligned with Type I, a highly virulent strain, while B. microti positive samples closely aligned with US-type B. microti and others observed in the ROK, Russia, and Japan. These results indicate that A. agrarius is a reservoir for both T. gondii and B. microti in the ROK.
Kim, H.,Riley, T. V.,Kim, M.,Kim, C. K.,Yong, D.,Lee, K.,Chong, Y.,Park, J.-W. American Society for Microbiology 2008 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.46 No.3
<P>Of 462 Korean Clostridium difficile isolates, 77.5% were toxin B positive but 21.4% were toxin A negative (A(-) B(+)). The binary toxin gene was detected in nine isolates. A higher fluoroquinolone resistance of A(-) B(+) strains may contribute to the increase of these strains. Toxin A detection alone may underdiagnose C. difficile-associated disease.</P>
고속 분할법에 의한 교류-직류 전력계통의 조류계산에 관한연구
안병철,정형환,이권순,이준탁,정동일,왕용필 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1992 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.1
The active and reactive power transfers to and from nodes connected to h.v.d.c. links do not obey the general rules of a.c. power transmission, the active power is independent of phase angle relationships and the reactive power is not directly related to voltage variation. Under such circumstances it is difficult to visualize h.v.d.c. model compatible with the behaviour of the fast decoupled algorithm. However, acknowledging the general acceptance of fast decoupled programes and the existence of some h.v.d.c. links(particularly considering their large power-carrying capacitors) a model of the h.v.d.c. transmission link suitable for incorporation with fast decoupled loadflow programes is described in the following sections.
Functional Impairment of Rat Taurine Transporter by Activation of Nitrogen Oxide through Superoxide
Koo, T.S.,Kwon, H.J.,Kim, M.H.,Kim, D.D.,Shim, C.K.,Chung, S.J.,Chong, S. 日本藥物動態學會 2012 DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS Vol.27 No.3
The objective of this study was to identify the nitrogen oxide form(s) involved in the functional impairment of the rat taurine transport system. Taurine uptake activity in the rat renal brush border membrane vesicle (RBBMV) preparation or Xenopus laevis oocytes that express the rat taurine transporter was compared after the pretreatment with nitrogen oxide donors from which nitric oxide (NO) is released at different rates. The functional impairment was associated with a reduced Vmax, but did not involve an alteration in the Km, of taurine uptake in the RBBMV preparation that had been pretreated with sodium nitroprusside, a slow release nitric oxide (NO) donor. When the preparation was pretreated with S-nitroso- N-acetyl penicillamine, a rapid release NO donor, the activity of taurine uptake was unaffected. The activity was not statistically different from the control after the pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside and superoxide dismutase. Consistent with the study with RBBMV, a similar alteration in the activity of taurine uptake by NO donors was observed in oocytes expressing the transporter. Considering the fact that peroxynitrite, a highly reactive nitrogen oxide form, is formed by the reaction between NO and superoxide, the taurine transporter, and probably other transport systems as well, may be functionally impaired by peroxynitrite.
Development of a 60 Hz Power Standard Using SNS Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
Burroughs, C.J.,Benz, S.P.,Dresselhaus, P.D.,Waltrip, B.C.,Nelson, T.L.,Yonuk Chong,Williams, J.M.,Henderson, D.,Patel, P.,Palafox, L.,Behr, R. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measureme Vol.56 No.2
<P>We are implementing a new standard for 60 Hz power measurements based on precision sinusoidal reference voltages from two independent programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS): one for voltage and one for current. The National Institute of Standards and Technology PJVS systems use series arrays of Josephson junctions to produce accurate quantum-based DC voltages. Using stepwise-approximation synthesis, the PJVS systems produce sinewaves with precisely calculable RMS voltage and spectral content. We present measurements and calculations that elucidate the sources of error in the RMS voltage that are intrinsic to the digital-synthesis technique and that are due to the finite rise times and transients that occur when switching between the discrete voltages. Our goal is to reduce all error sources and uncertainty contributions from the PJVS synthesized waveforms to a few parts in 10 <SUP>7</SUP> so that the overall uncertainty in the AC-power standard is a few parts in 10<SUP>6</SUP></P>