Thickness dependent magnetic and ferroelectric properties of LaNiO3 buffered BiFeO3 thin films

Shahzad Hussain,S.K. Hasanain,G. Hassnain Jaffari,S. Ismat Shah 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.3

BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films with thickness increasing from 40 to 480 nm were successfully grown on LaNiO3 (LNO) buffered Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate and the effects of thickness evolution on magnetic and ferroelectric properties are investigated. The LNO buffer layer promotes the growth and crystallization of BFO thin films. Highly (100) orientation is induced for all BFO films regardless of the film thickness together with the dense microstructure. All BFO films exhibited weak ferromagnetic response at room temperature and saturation magnetization is found to decrease with increase in film thickness. Well saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops were obtained for thicker films; however, the leakage current dominated the ferroelectric properties in thinner films. The leakage current density decreased by three orders of magnitude for 335 nm film compared to 40 nm film, giving rise to enhanced ferroelectric properties for thicker films. The mechanisms for the evolution of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric characteristics are discussed.

Institutional Ownership Heterogeneity and Earnings Management Practices

Muhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOBMuhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOB 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

The manipulation of the firms’ earnings reported in the financial statements, also known as earnings management, is common among companies. The current study examined the relationship of institutional ownership heterogeneity and earnings management practices through the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach. The study adopted the Kothari et al. (2005) model for the measurement of earnings management practices. The research classified the institutional investors into different categories such as mutual funds, pension funds, investment companies, foreign companies, and group ownership. The study analyzed the selected variables by tanking a sample of 206 listed companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for 2013 to 2018. Consistent with agency theory, the results reveal that mutual funds and financial firms’ ownership curtail earnings management practices. Our results reveal the negligible effect of group ownership, investment companies’ ownership, and pension funds ownership in curtailing the earnings management practices in Pakistan. As a result, the findings support monitoring the role of hedge funds and international ownership in earnings management, which restricts managers’ opportunistic behavior. Thus, the proclivity of earnings management practices by managers is mitigated by mutual funds and foreign ownership as compared to the other institutional ownership structure in Pakistani firms.

On mixing the Rayleigh-Ritz formulation with Hankel's function for vibration of fluid-filled functionally graded cylindrical shell

Hussain, Muzamal,Naeem, Muhammad Nawaz,Shahzad, Aamir,Taj, Muhammad,Asghar, Sehar,Fatahi-Vajari, Alireza,Singh, Rahul,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2020 Advances in computational design Vol.5 No.4

In this paper, a cylindrical shell is immersed in a non-viscous fluid using first order shell theory of Sander. These equations are partial differential equations which are solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. Throughout the computation, simply supported edge condition is used. Expressions for modal displacement functions, the three unknown functions are supposed in such way that the axial, circumferential and time variables are separated by the product method. Comparison is made for empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell with circumferential wave number, length- and height-radius ratios, it is found that the fluid-filled frequencies are lower than that of without fluid. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies and for better accuracy and effectiveness, the computer software MATLAB is used.

IP Backbone Security : MPLS VPN Technology

Abid Shahzad,Mureed Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.6 No.5

Security Issues and Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing

Abid Shahzad,Mureed Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터(IJGDC) 2013 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.6 No.6

Application of Regional Rainfall Frequency Analysis on Seven Sites of Sindh, Pakistan

Zamir Hussain,Mirza Naveed Shahzad,Kamran Abbas 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.5

The paper illustrates the results of regional frequency analysis of Annual Maximum Monthly Rainfall Totals (AMMRT) of seven sites of Sindh, Pakistan. The results of run test, lag-1 correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney test have shown that the data series at given sites is random, having no serial correlation and identically distributed. The values of discordancy measure have shown that there is no discordant site in the group of seven sites. L-moments based heterogeneity measure (H) shows that the region composed of seven sites is homogeneous. The results of L-moment ratio diagram and ZDIST statistic have shown that the three distributions: GNO, PE3 and GPA are suitable candidates for regional distribution. To obtain the rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites of the study area, a linear regression model has been developed, between the mean of AMMRT of gauged sites and their respective site’s elevation. The quality of the regression estimates has been tested using formal tests related to the assumptions of Classical Linear Regression Modeling (CLRM). The results have shown that the fitted model has satisfied various assumptions related to the estimation of CLRM. Hence, the estimates of this study will be useful for the estimation of rainfall quantiles of the study area for various return periods and can be utilized for the preventive measures of flood disasters, agricultural water management and the proposed improvement projects for the rehabilitation and modernization of major barrages of Indus River in the Sindh Province.

Synthesis of 4-aryl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis-N-(aryl)-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as novel skin protecting and anti-aging agents

Saeed, Aamer,Shahzad, Danish,Larik, Fayaz Ali,Channar, Pervaiz Ali,Mahfooz, Haroon,Abbas, Qamar,Hassan, Mubashir,Raza, Hussain,Seo, Sung-Yum,Shabir, Ghulam Bangladesh Journals Online 2017 Bangladesh journal of pharmacology Vol.12 No.2

<P><p>A series of 4-aryl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis-N-(aryl)-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyri-dines 6a-6h were prepared by using the one-pot three component synthetic method. The target compounds 6a-6h were synthesized by reacting two molar equivalents of ketone functionality and one mole of aromatic aldehydes in ammonium acetate to obtain the desired products. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their elastase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Almost all of the com-pounds 6a-h showed good to excellent activities against elastase enzyme more than the reference drug. Compounds 6d and 6b at 0.2 ± 0.0 µM and 0.2 ± 0.0 µM were found to most potent derivatives against elastase enzyme. Compound 6a exhibited prominent free radical scavenging activity. From the results of the biological activity, we infer that some derivatives can serve as lead molecules in pharmacology.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>3 min 13 sec <a href='https://youtube.com/v/gPLdpGpZhR8'>Full Screen</a> <a href='https://youtube.com/watch?v=gPLdpGpZhR8'>Alternate</a></p></P>

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in SAARC Countries

Naila Erum,Shahzad Hussain,Abida Yousaf 한국유통과학회 2016 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.3 No.4

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a vital role in economic growth of the countries. The present study analyses the impact of the FDI on economic growth of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation countries by using the pooled data for the period 1990-2014. Neo-classical production function has been used for analysis and getting stock-to-flow estimation, Taylor series approximation has applied. Fixed Effects Model has been used to investigate the impact of FDI, domestic capital, labour and government expenditures on economic growth. It is the evident from the results that both domestic investment and FDI have been a positive effect on economic growth. The study finds that the contribution of domestic private investment is more trustworthy than the contribution of FDI. Consequently, FDI loses its attraction as an engine of growth if the adverse balance of payment consequence of the resulting profit repatriating is also taken into account. The labour has positive and significant association with GDP. The effect of government expenditure is negligible on economic growth. The findings suggest that growth strategy cannot yield the long term benefits if it neglects investments on human capital.

Residents' Opinions on Apartment Living in Lahore, Pakistan

Fatima, Tehniyat,Bano, Shermeen,Hussain, Basharat,Zaidi, Rabiya,Shahzad, Asif Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2021 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.9 No.3

Vertical growth is viewed as the solution to the problem of urban housing. The present study aims to be multifocal in approaching the phenomenon of apartment living in Lahore, Pakistan. The primary focus of the research was to evaluate the satisfaction with and favorability of vertical living among the dwellers; however, the research was extended to include the in-depth experiences of adolescents regarding privacy because it was observed that this age group was being neglected severely in the distribution of privacy in apartments, as well as in research. The data was first collected from 150 respondents through a survey, and then interviews of 10 adolescents were conducted to explore notion of privacy. The findings highlight that, despite being satisfied with the infrastructural aspects of the building, the residents do not prefer vertical living over horizontal housing. The adolescents in apartments also prefer horizontal housing over vertical living to avoid the feeling of crowdedness that is associated with vertical growth due to shared space and proximity. The utilization of spaces within apartments is associated with certain elements of development of the personality during this age. The findings of the present study can be helpful for sustainable vertical housing policy development and implementation.

Simultaneous Equations and Endogeneity in Corporate Finance: The Linkage between Institutional Ownership and Corporate Financial Performance

MALIK, Qaisar Ali,HUSSAIN, Shahzad,ULLAH, Naeem,WAHEED, Abdul,NAEEM, Muhammad,MANSOOR, Muhammad Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

The objective of this research is to explore the inconclusive theoretical and empirical association between institutional ownership and firm performance in the context of emerging Pakistani economy. The data set consists of all the non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Annual data set covers the period ranging from 2010 to 2015. However, the econometric analysis does not include those firms with incomplete data. Thus the final data set comprised of an unbalanced panel of sample of 276 firms with 1231 firms years observations. Data related to the institutional ownership and other variables taken for the study were extracted through the annual financial reports of the firms. The research used Tobin's Q as a proxy of market measure of firm performance and tested the endogenous relation with institutional ownership through OLS and 2SLS approach. The study also applied Durbin-Wu-Hausman test to determine the endogeneity before analyzing the 2SLS model. The Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test (DWH) conform the endogenous link between institutional ownership and performance and vice versa. The results derived from 2SLS also confirm a highly significant relationship and two way direct proportional relationships between the institutional investment and corporate performance in the studied companies.